中國(guó)的大城市比美國(guó)的大城市更發(fā)達(dá)嗎？(三)

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回答一：

Davide Mirabella
The heyday of American cities has been about one hundred years ago, due to high population growth and influx of immigrations.It was also the time when the first skyscrapers started to appear in cities in the Eastern U.S.
A second blooming was after World War 2, when large infrastructure projects were built in the US, in particular highways and airports. Also, many skyscrapers in the so-called Internationalist style started to appear in skylines of US cities.
The development of Chinese cities such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai, however, is much more recent. Far-reaching urban renewals were tackled in the early 2000s, so it is only natural that stuff looks cleaner, more organized and more modern. The architecture alone is contemporary, while lots of skyscrapers in US cities look a bit dated because many of them were build 40 to 50 years ago.

美國(guó)城市的全盛時(shí)期大約是在100年前，因?yàn)槿丝诘母咚僭鲩L(zhǎng)和移民的涌入，這也是第一批摩天大樓開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)東部城市的時(shí)間。
第二次繁榮發(fā)生在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)修建了很多大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目，特別是很多的高速公路和機(jī)場(chǎng)，此外，很多摩天大樓開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)城市的天際線上。
但是，深圳、北京和上海等中國(guó)城市的發(fā)展則是最近才開(kāi)始的，在21世紀(jì)初，長(zhǎng)期的城市規(guī)劃完成，所以中國(guó)的城市看起來(lái)更干凈、更有規(guī)劃、更加現(xiàn)代化，這是很正常的，單就建筑本身而言，中國(guó)是現(xiàn)代化的，而美國(guó)城市中的許多摩天大樓看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)過(guò)時(shí)，因?yàn)槠渲性S多都是40到50年前建造的。

You could argue that American cities have been collecting a bit of dust, or patina for that matter. Stuff has aged, so you sometimes see and feel it. That is not an inherently bad thing, cities always go through this process - infrastrucutre ages and stops meeting demand and particularly in relation to aesthetics cities can start to look a bit frumpy because contemporary architecture looks much flashier.
Personally, I like some of the gritty areas of US cities. I don’t want everything in a city to be spick and span. Cities are places where people live, lots of them. It is only natural for cities to start to look a bit worn down. It’s what life does to things. There is a certain beauty in decay.
I am not very well informed when it comes to municipal politics in the US - but I am sure some of the lack of infrastrucutre is due to tax cuts and lack of infrastructure spending, too. Also, let’s not glorify Chinese cities too much. The cities you’ve mentioned in your question’s details are the showcase cities of China. I’ve travelled to dozens of cities in China and there’s plenty of places out there that are far from looking as flashy as Shenzhen, Shanghai or Beijing.

你可以這樣說(shuō)，美國(guó)的城市已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)臟了，或者說(shuō)生銹了。有些東西已經(jīng)很老舊了，這是你可以看到和感覺(jué)到的事情，但這并不一定是一件壞事，城市總是會(huì)經(jīng)歷這個(gè)過(guò)程——基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施老化，不能夠再滿足需求，特別是在外觀方面，城市可能會(huì)開(kāi)始看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)寒酸，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代的新建筑看起來(lái)更加潮流。
就我個(gè)人而言，我挺喜歡美國(guó)城市的一些落后地帶，我不希望一個(gè)城市的所有地方都太規(guī)整了，城市是人們生活的地方，它們顯得有些破舊是很自然的事情，這就是生活對(duì)事物的影響，腐朽中也帶有著某種美。
當(dāng)談到美國(guó)的市政建設(shè)時(shí)，我并不是很了解情況——但我相信，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的缺乏也有一部分是由于減稅和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支出缺錢。同時(shí)，我們也不要過(guò)分美化中國(guó)城市，你在問(wèn)題中提到的城市，是中國(guó)的明星城市，我去過(guò)中國(guó)的幾十個(gè)城市，那里有很多地方遠(yuǎn)不像深圳、上海或北京那樣光鮮。
回答二：

Greg Burch
In some ways, in some areas, Chinese cities are “more developed.” Of course, this raises the question of what “more developed” means. More developed for what? That’s why I say in some areas in some ways.
Chinese cities have had a major growth period in the last 20 years. So some of the most visible parts of cities — parts that get photographed a lot — look newer and are newer. That’s the giant skyscrapers. There are just more new large buildings in the most densely packed parts of Chinese cities than there are in the US (or frankly, anywhere). That’s simply a matter of when these cities had their big growth period. The same was true when Europeans were looking at US cities in the middle of the 20th century — they looked like “the future” because they had grown more recently.
The human and economic geography of Chinese cities is very different from most US cities, so some aspects of Chinese cities are “more developed” — mass transit being the most obvious. Most travel most of the time for most Chinese people is not by privately-owned automobile, it’s via mass transit. A higher proportion of US citizens own their own automobiles and this has been true for decades. US cities developed around this reality. So, if you’re experiencing a Chinese city as a tourist on foot, you’re definitely going to see a “more developed” mass transit system than in any US city. And that system will necessarily be newer than any system in the US — again, it’s just a function of when the urban centers in the two societies developed.

在某些方面，在某些地區(qū)，中國(guó)的城市“更加發(fā)達(dá)”。當(dāng)然，這就要說(shuō)說(shuō) “更加發(fā)達(dá)”是什么意思了，更加發(fā)達(dá)是為了什么？我準(zhǔn)備在這方面說(shuō)一下。
中國(guó)的城市在過(guò)去的20年時(shí)間里有了很大的發(fā)展，因此，城市中一些最亮眼的地方——這也是被大量拍攝展示的部分——看起來(lái)更新更現(xiàn)代化的部分，那是巨大的摩天大樓區(qū)。在中國(guó)城市人口最密集的地區(qū)，新建的大型建筑比美國(guó)（坦率地說(shuō)，應(yīng)該比任何地方）都要多。
但這里的問(wèn)題是，一座城市在什么時(shí)候會(huì)迎來(lái)它大規(guī)模發(fā)展的時(shí)期。歐洲人在20世紀(jì)中葉觀察美國(guó)的城市時(shí)也是如此——（那時(shí)候的美國(guó)城市）看起來(lái)像是“未來(lái)的”，因?yàn)槟切┟绹?guó)城市在那個(gè)時(shí)候是新建的。
中國(guó)城市的文化經(jīng)濟(jì)地理方面與大多數(shù)美國(guó)城市有很大的不同，因此中國(guó)城市的某些方面是要“更加發(fā)達(dá)的”——在公共交通方面是最明顯的。對(duì)大多數(shù)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)時(shí)間的旅行不是通過(guò)私人汽車，而是通過(guò)公共交通工具，而在美國(guó)，公民擁有自己汽車的比例更高，這幾十年來(lái)一直都是這樣，美國(guó)城市就是圍繞著這個(gè)事實(shí)發(fā)展起來(lái)的，所以，如果你正在中國(guó)城市旅行，你肯定會(huì)看到一個(gè)比美國(guó)任何一個(gè)城市都“更發(fā)達(dá)”的公共交通系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)必然會(huì)比美國(guó)任何一個(gè)系統(tǒng)都要更新——同樣，它只是這兩個(gè)國(guó)家城市發(fā)展功能（的區(qū)別）。

But do bear in mind that there are many, many urban areas in China that are not very much like Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen — the most economically developed cities in China. Even the most developed parts of second- and third-tier cities in China don’t compare, and when you get down to fourth-tier cities and beyond, it’s NOTHING like what you’ve seen. And there are definitely large parts of even the first-tier cities that definitely don’t look like “the city of tomorrow.” As a brief visitor, you are unlikely to see much more than a glimpse of those parts of China’s top cities, at most.
Finally, a LOT of the construction you’ve seen was done very, very quickly in ways that, if you look closely with an engineer’s or architect’s or craftsman’s eyes, don’t reflect a judgment of “more developed.” The showcase skyscrapers and shopping centers and high-priced hotels in first-tier Chinese cities are definitely built to the highest global standards (at least most of them are), but if you’re a business traveler in other Chinese urban areas, you’ll quickly notice that the average levels of design and construction (and maintenance) quality isn’t at that level. In lower-tier cities, it can be pretty … ragged …There are lots of reasons for this that I won’t go into, but it’s a pervasive reality outside of the best parts of top-tier Chinese cities.

但請(qǐng)記住，中國(guó)有許多許多的城市，與中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)最發(fā)達(dá)的城市北京、上海和深圳不同，就算是中國(guó)二三線城市中最發(fā)達(dá)的地方，也無(wú)法與北上廣深相比，而當(dāng)你深入到四線城市或更偏遠(yuǎn)的地方時(shí)，你所看到的完全不同，而即使是一線城市，也有相當(dāng)大的一部分絕對(duì)不像“未來(lái)之城”，作為一個(gè)短暫的游客，你也不可能看到中國(guó)頂尖城市的這些部分。
最后，你所看到的許多建筑都是以非常、非?？斓姆绞酵瓿傻?，如果你仔細(xì)觀察工程師、建筑師或工匠的眼睛，你不會(huì)做出 “更加發(fā)達(dá)”的判斷。中國(guó)一線城市展示的摩天大樓、購(gòu)物中心和高級(jí)酒店，肯定是按照最高的全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（至少大部分是這樣）建造的，但是如果你是中國(guó)其他城市的商務(wù)旅行者，你會(huì)很快注意到建筑的設(shè)計(jì)施工（和維護(hù)）質(zhì)量的平均水平
比不上一線城市。在等級(jí)較低的城市里，那真的有點(diǎn)..破破爛爛..因?yàn)楹芏噙@樣的原因，我不想去那里，但除了中國(guó)頂級(jí)城市最好的部分，這是一個(gè)普遍存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)。
回答三：

Roberto Tuda
I am sure Chinese cities can be cleaner and more functional in many respects. They are actually new.
However, I think human freedom is more important than any other thing regarding development. Do Chinese cities will have the libraries we can find in American cities, or the universities we can find in American cities? Are there think tanks as in American citites? Can we worship God as we please as in American cities?

我相信中國(guó)的城市在很多方面都會(huì)更干凈、功能更全，它們實(shí)際上是全新的城市。
然而，我認(rèn)為人類的ZY比任何發(fā)展都更加重要。中國(guó)城市有我們?cè)诿绹?guó)城市可以找到的圖書(shū)館嗎？有我們?cè)诿绹?guó)城市可以找到的大學(xué)嗎？有沒(méi)有美國(guó)那樣的智庫(kù)？我們能像在美國(guó)城市一樣敬仰上帝嗎？
回答四：
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Peter Barosso
No city can compare with country living. Cities are toilet bowls where the poop gets all mixed up..

任何城市都比不上在鄉(xiāng)村生活，城市就跟馬桶一樣，所有的糞便混在一起...
回答五：

William Lucas
Big Chinese cities are often more developed than American ones as they are mostly new with modern infrastructure and systems. The reason for this is that, as the state controls everything and is flush with cash, they have heavily invested in a modern infrastructure while preserving some ancient monumental aspects as park land.

中國(guó)的大城市往往比美國(guó)的城市更加發(fā)達(dá)更加現(xiàn)代化，因?yàn)樗鼈兇蠖嗍切陆ǖ默F(xiàn)代化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及現(xiàn)代化的系統(tǒng)。這里的原因是，由于國(guó)家統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，加上資金充裕，他們保留了一些古代古跡作為公園用地，同時(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)代基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行了大量投資。
回答六：

Mulin Chang
I would say the focus is very different. The big cities in China are very into “presentation”, which means they invest heavily to leave a good impression on the visitors. A lot of foreigners especially the first time visitors are left in shock and awe. However, american cities are more focused on the functionality of the city. Many big cities provide service not just for the super rich, but also for those poor. There are neighborhoods in NYC that look like 3rd world country .

我想說(shuō)的話側(cè)重點(diǎn)有點(diǎn)不一樣。中國(guó)的大城市都非常喜歡“展示”，這意味著他們投入巨資給游客留下好印象。很多外國(guó)人，尤其是第一次來(lái)訪的人都感到震驚和敬畏。然而，美國(guó)城市更注重城市的功能性，許多大城市不僅為超級(jí)富豪提供服務(wù)，也為窮人提供服務(wù)，紐約市有些社區(qū)看起來(lái)像第三世界國(guó)家。