美版知乎：既然谷歌已經(jīng)取得了“量子霸權(quán)”，那么接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：君子沖盈 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

既然谷歌已經(jīng)取得了量子霸權(quán)，那么接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？

Lalit Patel, Learning to Learn
Google’s Sycamore quantum computer has achieved ‘quantum supremacy’ says: ‘Google says that it has managed to achieve “quantum supremacy, ” a major milestone when it comes to the development of quantum computers. Google The company posted the achievement in a paper posted on NASA’s website which was later removed, according to the Financial Times. The paper was entitled “Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor,” and detailed what Google says is the first computation that can only be performed on a quantum processor.
Rivals rubbish Google’s claim of quantum supremacy says: ‘But not everyone is ready to call this a turning point for computer science. Google’s claim is “indefensible — it’s just plain wrong”, said Dario Gil, head of research at IBM, one of the competitors in the race to achieve quantum computing. While crediting some of the internet company’s technical advances, he dismisses the claim that this is a seminal moment for computing as “grandiosity”. The research is just “a laboratory experiment designed to essentially — and almost certainly exclusively — implement one very specific quantum sampling procedure with no practical applications,” he said.’
Based on this, Google’ hurried claim of having achieved “quantum supremacy” is not yet widely acceptable.
For the sake of answering this question, let us assume that Google or some other company has now achieved “quantum supremacy”, in the sense that we now have a quantum computer that can do certain tasks that are almost impossible on a classical computer.

【鏈接：谷歌的 Sycamore 量子計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)“量子霸權(quán)”】一文稱谷歌它已經(jīng)設(shè)法實(shí)現(xiàn)了“量子霸權(quán)”，這是量子計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要里程碑。
據(jù)英國(guó)“金融時(shí)報(bào)”報(bào)道，谷歌公司在NASA網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一篇論文中公布了這一成就，該論文后來(lái)被刪除。
這篇論文題為《 使用可編程超導(dǎo)處理器的量子霸權(quán)》，并詳細(xì)介紹了谷歌所說(shuō)的第一次在量子處理器上執(zhí)行的計(jì)算。
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手對(duì)谷歌宣稱實(shí)現(xiàn)“量子霸權(quán)”表示不滿：“但并不是所以人都認(rèn)為這是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，”IBM的研究主管達(dá)里奧·吉爾表示，谷歌的說(shuō)法“站不住腳--完全是錯(cuò)誤的”。

IBM是實(shí)現(xiàn)量子計(jì)算競(jìng)賽的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之一。
在稱贊這家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的一些技術(shù)進(jìn)步的同時(shí)，他駁斥了有關(guān)這是計(jì)算領(lǐng)域一個(gè)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性時(shí)刻的說(shuō)法，稱其為“浮夸”。他說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究只是“一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)，本質(zhì)上是--幾乎可以肯定--一種非常具體的量子取樣程序，而沒(méi)有實(shí)際應(yīng)用。”
基于這一點(diǎn)，谷歌匆忙宣稱已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了“量子霸權(quán)”的說(shuō)法尚未被廣泛接受。
但為了回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，讓我們假設(shè)谷歌或其他一些公司現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了“量子霸權(quán)”，也就是說(shuō)我們現(xiàn)在有一臺(tái)量子計(jì)算機(jī)可以完成某些在經(jīng)典計(jì)算機(jī)上幾乎不可能完成的任務(wù)。



Mark John Fernee, 20+ years as a physicist
This is not an informed opinion, but just an opinion. Ideally, it''d be best to hear from someone working in the field of quantum computing.
Firstly, I don''t want to downplay the field of quantum computation. What is remarkable today, is that it has emerged from an academic curiosity to an endeavour that covers academia from computer science, through physics to engineering. It is being heavily invested in by corporations, which means that they have bought in to the hype. This has become a hugely important future tech field that is voraciously hiring talent all around the world. There is now some serious momentum and a lot of great science behind the development of this technology.
Now, let''s be a realist and check how the field has progressed in the last 20 or so years. It has been a field of milestones. First there were the theoretical milestones, and a big one was the establishment of viable error correction. Then the physical systems started appearing. There were viable qubits, then single quibit gates and then two quibit gates and finally, the simple demonstration of quantum algorithms. This all took a long time and seemed painfully slow, yet the promise of quantum computing had hit the popular science press by this time and there was a growing awareness.

注：只是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，不是很有根據(jù)性，理想情況下，最好聽(tīng)從量子計(jì)算領(lǐng)域工作的人的意見(jiàn)。

首先，我不想低估量子計(jì)算領(lǐng)域。
值得注意的是，今天，它已經(jīng)從一種學(xué)術(shù)上的好奇心發(fā)展成為一種努力，涵蓋了從計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)到物理學(xué)再到工程學(xué)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
企業(yè)正在大舉投資，這意味著它們已經(jīng)接受了這種炒作。
量子計(jì)算已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)非常重要的未來(lái)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，正在全世界范圍內(nèi)大量招聘人才。
這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展背后，現(xiàn)在有一些重大的動(dòng)力和許多偉大的科學(xué)。

現(xiàn)在，讓我們戰(zhàn)在一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者的角度，看看這個(gè)領(lǐng)域在過(guò)去20年左右的時(shí)間里是如何發(fā)展的。
這是一個(gè)里程碑式的領(lǐng)域。
首先是理論上的里程碑，其中一個(gè)重要的里程碑是建立可行的錯(cuò)誤糾正，然后物理系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)，有可行的量子位，然后是單個(gè)quibit門，再然后是雙quibit門，最后是量子算法的簡(jiǎn)單演示。
這一切花費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，看起來(lái)非常緩慢，然而量子計(jì)算的前景在已經(jīng)沖擊了這個(gè)時(shí)代的大眾科普出版界，人們對(duì)量子計(jì)算的意識(shí)也在不斷增長(zhǎng)。

Then along came a real commercial quantum computer by D-wave.it wasn''t what most people had been expecting. It wasn''t a universal quantum computer that could easily be programmed to do different tasks. Instead it was a quantum annealer. Something quite different. Yet, it was the first past the post. It now holds the mantle of being the world''s first commercial quantum computer. It fills a small room and costs millions. It has qubits and is being used by the likes of NASA. Yet it wasn''t what we were expecting, but it snatched the prize anyway.
Quantum supremacy is just another prize. Of course there''ll be a competition to snatch it. But it is most likely that the winner will be like D-wave. Begrudgingly bestowed the title, but not something that we''d really want to see.
That seems to be the case here. Also bear in mind that the jury is still out on this achievement. Until it has been peer reviewed, or at least discussed among the quantum computing community, it is not really even an achievement. It''s a claim that still needs to be ratified.
What we''d like to see is a machine with a scalable architecture running useful quantum algorithms that are simply not computable on a classical Turing machine, in a manner that is verifiable. That would be the equivalent of graduating from high school. Right now it''s just someone vying for an achievement award.
upxe: Scott Aaronson (an expert on quantum computing) has now blogged about this achievement and is quite upbeat about it. Go and read about it here: Scott’s Supreme Quantum Supremacy FAQ!

然后出現(xiàn)了一臺(tái)真正的商用量子計(jì)算機(jī)，來(lái)自D-wave公司 ，但它不是大多數(shù)人所期待的，它并不是一個(gè)可以輕松地編程來(lái)完成不同的任務(wù)通用的量子計(jì)算機(jī)，相反，它是一個(gè)“量子退火爐”（ Quantum computer：直譯，這個(gè)詞還沒(méi)有成文譯法），是一個(gè)完全不同的東西，然而，這依然是第一，它現(xiàn)在是世界上第一臺(tái)商用量子計(jì)算機(jī)，它的大小占據(jù)一個(gè)小房間，價(jià)值數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，它擁有量子位元，正被美國(guó)宇航局之類的機(jī)構(gòu)所使用， 然而，這并不是我們所期待的，但它還是拔得了頭籌。

量子霸權(quán)只是另一個(gè)“頭籌”，搶奪它顯然也會(huì)有一場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽，雖然不情愿地授予它這個(gè)頭銜，這也并不是我們真正想看到的，但 D-wave 的確是最有可能的贏家。
情況似乎就是這樣，但同時(shí)也要記住，對(duì)于這一成就，評(píng)委們還沒(méi)有達(dá)成一致，直到它被同行評(píng)議，或者至少在量子計(jì)算社區(qū)中被討論，它才算真正的成就—— 這是一個(gè)仍然需要被認(rèn)可的主張。
我們希望看到的是一個(gè)具有可擴(kuò)展架構(gòu)的機(jī)器，運(yùn)行有效的量子算法，而這些算法在經(jīng)典的圖靈機(jī)上根本無(wú)法計(jì)算，而且可以驗(yàn)證的，現(xiàn)在的情況只是有人在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以拔得頭籌。

更新：
斯科特 · 阿倫森( 量子計(jì)算專家) 已經(jīng)在博客上發(fā)表了關(guān)于這一成就的文章，并且對(duì)此相當(dāng)樂(lè)觀。
請(qǐng)去這里閱讀：斯科特的《 至高量子霸權(quán)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答》！
https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=4317

Valdis Klētnieks, BS Mathematics & Physics, Clarkson University (1984)
What will happen now that Google has achieved quantum supremacy?
Well… they haven’t really.
They showed that their quantum computer could generate a pseudo-random number using a particular method that’s indeed quite slow on standard digital computers.
However, much faster ways to generate much better pseudo-random numbers are known - and the Google system didn’t beat those.
So imagine you devised a way to sort 1000 things: You drop them all in a random pile, check if they’re sorted - and if not, repeat. This obviously takes a *very* long time. Now you find a way to use a quantum computer to speed it up so it only takes a few minutes.
But of course, sorting 1,000 things on a digital computer using better algorithms takes literally thousandths of a second. Have you really achieved supremacy?
To quote the article:


Paul Dracon
First of all, I’m not a scientist, so take my opinion with a grain of salt. I have read some books about futurism, so that’s my only qualification.
Quantum computing is a wild card. It could be everything or it could be a complete dud. Even the techno-optimist Ray Kurzweil has said that quantum computing is an unproven technology, and his predictions don’t rely on the development of this technology.
That said, this could be HUGE. Some possible applications include drug discovery, physics simulations and secure communications. Quantum computers may never replace classical computers altogether, but they could augment them in astounding ways.
We’ll just have to wait and see. I’m guessing that at least some of the promise of quantum computing will be achieved in the next decade.

首先，我不是一個(gè)科學(xué)家，所以對(duì)我的觀點(diǎn)持保留態(tài)度，我讀過(guò)一些關(guān)于未來(lái)主義的書(shū)，所以這是我唯一的資格。
量子計(jì)算是一個(gè)未知數(shù)，它可能是一切，也可能是一個(gè)完全無(wú)用的東西。
即使是技術(shù)樂(lè)觀主義者雷 · 庫(kù)茲韋爾也說(shuō)過(guò)，量子計(jì)算是一項(xiàng)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的技術(shù)，他的預(yù)測(cè)并不依賴于這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
也就是說(shuō)，這可能是一個(gè)巨大的進(jìn)步，一些可能的應(yīng)用包括藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)，物理模擬和安全通信等。
量子計(jì)算機(jī)可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全取代傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)，但它們可以以驚人的方式增強(qiáng)它們。
我們只能選擇拭目以待了， 我猜至少量子計(jì)算的一部分承諾會(huì)在下一個(gè)十年實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Jonny Anderson, Technology Director (2009-present)
What will happen is that most will shrug and a few will quiver in anticipation.
Because this is a big deal; not that the niche algorithm that was supremed by the Google machine [4 - see original paper] is actually useful, but because it adds to the growing evidence that the Technological Singularity [1] is coming.
So imagine the year is 19-diddly and scientists announce that Digital Supremacy had been achieved. Finally it was demonstrated that a digital computer could out perform a human with a tricky long-division sum.
A Turin Machine: All the Digital Supremacy you need - till the Qubits are ready.
Now granted, that doesn’t suddenly put smart phones with voice-recognising quasi-intelligent software in our hands, I mean, its only a long-division, but from the lofty vantage of retrospect I scoff at all the nay-sayers back then who shrugged, perhaps even poo-poohed, and then got back to doing their sums with a trusty slide-rule.
This slide rule is positioned to yield several values: From C scale to D scale (multiply by 2), from D scale to C scale (divide by 2). Nice.

大多數(shù)人會(huì)聳聳肩，少數(shù)人會(huì)在期待中顫抖。
因?yàn)檫@是一件大事，不是因?yàn)楸还雀铏C(jī)器[4 ]驗(yàn)證的“小生境算法”（ niche algorithm）有效，而是因?yàn)樗黾恿巳藗兊男判?，越?lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，技術(shù)奇異點(diǎn)正在到來(lái)。
所以想象一下，今年是2019年，科學(xué)家宣布“數(shù)字霸權(quán) ”已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)， 最后證明了數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)可以用一個(gè)復(fù)雜的“l(fā)ong-division”（長(zhǎng)除法）求和來(lái)勝過(guò)人類。



我承認(rèn)，這并不意味著智能手機(jī)突然就能擁有語(yǔ)音識(shí)別的準(zhǔn)智能軟件，我的意思是，這只是一個(gè)“長(zhǎng)除法”，但從崇高的角度來(lái)看，我嘲笑所有那些說(shuō)“no”的反對(duì)者，他們聳聳肩，甚至可能會(huì)大吃一驚，然后回過(guò)頭來(lái)用一個(gè)值得信賴的計(jì)算尺來(lái)驗(yàn)證一下他們的算術(shù)。



這個(gè)計(jì)算尺定位為產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)值：從 C 到 D ( 乘以2 ) ，從 D 到C ( 除以2 )，奈斯啊。

This narrowly defined supremacy is important mainly because it signals that the quantum computing researchers weren’t kidding when, just a few months ago, they described ‘Neven’s Law’ [2][3], or the boggling effects that double exponential growth has on the processing capabilities of quantum systems over time.
Neven’s Law is a term used to refer to a rule regarding the advancement of quantum computers. The law states that quantum computers are increasing in power at a ‘doubly exponential’ rate, as stated by Neven at the Google Quantum Spring Symposium in May this year.
When I read that I thought: “Well now, if that is true then we should be seeing something like a narrow q-supremacy breakthrough in what - a few months! Yeah right … ”.
And yet, here we are - gunning towards what appears to be the inevitable Technological Singularity at a glorious, frightening, wonderfully dizzying rate.
Google’s Sycamore machine looking very much like an entangled slice of the future [4]
The good news is that, if Neven’s law holds, we won’t have too long to wait to see who is correct here - so let’s talk again in six month’s time.
Footnotes
[1] Technological singularity - Wikipedia
[2] Can Neven’s Law Take Us Closer To Quantum Supremacy?
[3] Forget Moore''s Law — Quantum Computers Are Improving According to a Spooky ''Doubly Exponential Rate''
[4] Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor – Cached Google NASA Paper
Unless otherwise referenced, all images are sourced from wikipedia.

這種狹義的“霸權(quán) ”之所以重要，主要是因?yàn)樗砻髁孔佑?jì)算研究人員沒(méi)有開(kāi)玩笑，就在幾個(gè)月前，他們還描述了“ 尼文定律”（Neven’s Law），或者說(shuō)雙指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)量子系統(tǒng)處理能力的驚人影響。
“ 尼文定律”是一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指關(guān)于量子計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)步的規(guī)則，正如尼文在今年五月份的谷歌春季量子研討會(huì)上所說(shuō)的那樣，量子計(jì)算機(jī)的能量以雙倍指數(shù)的速度增長(zhǎng)。
當(dāng)我讀到這篇文章的時(shí)候，我想: “好吧，如果這是真的，那么我們應(yīng)該在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)看到類似狹義“量子霸權(quán)”的突破！ 哈哈哈”。
我們現(xiàn)在正在以一種壯麗的、令人恐懼的、令人眩暈的速度向不可避免的技術(shù)奇點(diǎn)前進(jìn)。



谷歌的 Sycamore 機(jī)器看起來(lái)非常像一個(gè)糾纏的未來(lái)切片[4]
好消息是，如果尼文的定律成立，我們很快就能知道誰(shuí)是正確的了——所以讓我們?cè)?個(gè)月后再討論。

注：尼文定律（Neven’s Law），就是量子芯片的發(fā)展速度大致滿足一種雙重指數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)速度，它是一種比指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)更快的爆炸式發(fā)展，對(duì)比的是應(yīng)經(jīng)典計(jì)算機(jī)的“摩爾定律”。
[1] 技術(shù)奇點(diǎn)-維基百科
[2] 尼文定律能讓我們更接近量子霸權(quán)嗎？
[3] 忘記摩爾定律-量子計(jì)算機(jī)正在按照幽靈般的“雙指數(shù)率”改進(jìn)
[4] 使用可編程超導(dǎo)處理器的量子霸權(quán)- Google NASA 論文緩存
除非另有引用，所有圖像均來(lái)自維基百科。

Wes Hansen, Constructed novel mathematics
Google has not achieved quantum supremacy and no one ever will. In order for quantum supremacy to be attained, there must be a physical manifestation of superposition, the primary source of the supposed speedup via the parallel processing it is assumed to enable, and evidence suggests that this is not possible. It doesn’t matter the logic, if the the logic cannot be physically manifested! But even so-called quantum logic has foundational isssues! Kevin Knuth, a foremost expert on the foundations of quantum theory, told me in a personal communication back in 2013 that while quantum logic may not be entirely wrong, it certainly has foundational isssues. He also told me:
“I have to say that this mess started by Von Neumann and Birkhoff drives me bonkers. They were both geniuses, and as my friend Keith Earle says, this is measured by how long they have been able to retard progress. Unfortunately, they messed up.”
The mess that he is refering to is the idea that quantum theory can be viewed as a generalization of probability theory. Just take the necessary time to work through the paper by Knuth and John Skilling, The Symmetrical Foundation of Measure, Probability, and Quantum Theories, to get an idea of exactly what he is talking about! It is very telling!
The evidence that superposition is not physically manifested comes from the Pre-stimulus response experiments that I have often lixed to. Way back in 2012, a meta-analysis of pre-stimulus response experiments was published in the Frontiers of Psychology Journal and it was contested by Sam Schwarzkopf, a neuro-scientist. That meta-analysis and a few of the experiments included are now hosted by the U. S. National Institutes of Health. The authors of the original meta-analysis replied to the critique by the neuro-scientist and a separate group upxed the meta-analysis to reflect additional experiments conducted from 2012 to 2017; they published that upxe in March of 2018 in SSRN, a prominent neurosci journal:
Intuition Part 1;
Intuition Part 2;
Meta-analysis;
Response to critique;
Roulette Paradigm;
Meta-analysis upxe.

谷歌還沒(méi)有取得量子霸權(quán)，也沒(méi)有人會(huì)取得。
為了獲得量子優(yōu)勢(shì)，必須有一個(gè)“疊加”的物理表現(xiàn)形式---- 通過(guò)假定的并行處理來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)假定的加速，而有證據(jù)表明這是不可能的。
邏輯無(wú)關(guān)緊要，如果邏輯不能在物理上體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的話！ 但是即使是所謂的量子邏輯也有基礎(chǔ)問(wèn)題！ 量子理論基礎(chǔ)的首席專家凱文 · 克努斯在2013年的一次個(gè)人交流中告訴我，雖然量子邏輯可能并非完全錯(cuò)誤，但它肯定存在基礎(chǔ)問(wèn)題， 他告訴我：
“ 馮·諾伊曼和伯克霍夫制造的這場(chǎng)混亂讓我抓狂，他們都是天才，正如我的朋友基思·厄爾所說(shuō)，其衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是他們能夠延緩進(jìn)展的時(shí)間，不幸的是，他們搞砸了?！?br />
他所指的混亂是量子理論可以被看作是概率論的泛化，你只需要花些時(shí)間來(lái)讀讀克努特和 約翰·斯奇林的論文《測(cè)量、概率和量子理論的對(duì)稱基礎(chǔ)》，你就會(huì)明白他到底在說(shuō)什么！ 非常有說(shuō)服力！

“疊加”在物理上無(wú)法表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的證據(jù)，來(lái)自于我經(jīng)常接觸的“前刺激反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)”（Pre-stimulus response experiment）。
早在2012年，《心理學(xué)前沿雜志》上就發(fā)表了一篇關(guān)于刺激前反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的元分析文章，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家薩姆 · 施瓦茨科普夫?qū)Υ颂岢隽速|(zhì)疑，這個(gè)薈萃分析（meta-analysis）和其中的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在由美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院研究所主持。
原始元分析的作者回復(fù)了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家的批評(píng)，另一個(gè)小組更新了元分析，以反映從2012年到2017年進(jìn)行的額外實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們?cè)?018年3月的著名神經(jīng)科學(xué)期刊《 SSRN 》上發(fā)表了這一更新：

【鏈接】直覺(jué)第1部分
【鏈接】直覺(jué)第2部分
【鏈接】薈萃分析
【鏈接】應(yīng)對(duì)批評(píng)
【鏈接】輪盤賭模式
【鏈接】薈萃分析更新

And these experiments show that the human heart and brain become aware of an emotionally stimulating event 4.5 to 18 seconds prior to that event happening in spacetime! How can the human heart and brain have meaningful information regarding an event 18 seconds before the quantum state has so-called decohered, if the state is in superposition!?! From the conclusion to the Knuth/Skilling paper:
“In response to the Rovelli quote we started with, quantum mechanics may cease to look puzzling now that we have derived the formalism of the theory from a set of simple assertions about the world. Measurement involves no dubious “collapse of the wave function.” We only need ordinary probabilistic reasoning, in which our partial knowledge of an obxt is modified when it interacts with a probe, and then modulated again if we later choose to retrieve and interrogate the probe.
The formalism is straightforward. A target — equivalently an obxt in a particular target state — is represented by a number pair. This turns out to be a single complex number whose squared amplitude represents the Poisson supply rate (the Born rule) which becomes observable through interaction with probes.
As a stream of targets is sent along paths which may split and merge, the number pairs evolve through the (Feynman) sum and product rules required by the symmetries of partition and combination. The standard Hilbert‐space structure for multi‐state obxts follows, and specification from supply rates to single obxts is immediate.
We make no assumption that cannot be checked in the lab. We recommend that as a good strategic principle, because assumptions that cannot be checked are thereby severed from practical impact, in which case they become a peculiar and questionable part of scientific inquiry.
If such assumption is truly needed, then it has practical impact after all because its denial would alter experimental results, which is self‐contradictory. If it is not needed, then requiring it would be regrettable. Specifically, we make no assumption involving infinity or the infinitesimal. Any general theory must apply to special cases, including simple ones, and it happens that simple examples are sufficient to eliminate all but the one calculus.”
Interference is NOT evidence for superposition but is continuously flouted as such.
Wes Hansen''s answer to At the risk of adding more metaphysical nonsense to the Internet, could that frequent circumstance when a person texts you just at the moment you are thinking about them be caused by quantum particles entangled in your brains?

這些實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，人類的心臟和大腦在時(shí)空發(fā)事件發(fā)生之前4.5到18秒才會(huì)有意識(shí)情感刺激！
如果量子態(tài)是疊加的，那么人類的心臟和大腦怎么可能在量子態(tài)被所謂的解碼之前18秒獲得關(guān)于事件的有意義的信息??？！克努特和 約翰·斯奇林論文的總結(jié)：

以下是對(duì)我們一開(kāi)始引用的羅維林的話的回應(yīng)，既然我們已經(jīng)從一系列關(guān)于世界的簡(jiǎn)單論斷中推導(dǎo)出了量子力學(xué)的形式體系，那么量子力學(xué)可能不再看起來(lái)令人費(fèi)解了，測(cè)量涉及不容置疑的“波函數(shù)崩塌”，我們只需要普通的概率推理，在這種推理中，當(dāng)對(duì)象與探針交互時(shí)，我們對(duì)對(duì)象的部分知識(shí)會(huì)被修改，然后如果我們稍后選擇檢索和詢問(wèn)探針，則會(huì)再次進(jìn)行調(diào)制。
其形式主義是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，目?biāo)( 相當(dāng)于處于特定目標(biāo)狀態(tài)的對(duì)象) 由一對(duì)數(shù)字表示，事實(shí)證明，這是一個(gè)單一的復(fù)數(shù)，其平方振幅表示“Poisson supply rate”( 博恩規(guī)則 )，通過(guò)與探針的相互作用可以觀察到。
當(dāng)沿著可能分裂和合并的路徑發(fā)送目標(biāo)流時(shí)，由分割和組合的對(duì)稱性所要求的乘積規(guī)則演化，隨后是多狀態(tài)對(duì)象的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)希爾伯特空間結(jié)構(gòu)，并且從供給率到單個(gè)對(duì)象的規(guī)范是即時(shí)的。。。。
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后面太南，有點(diǎn)方，翻錯(cuò)會(huì)誤導(dǎo)人，還是不翻了。。。

Leon Sprenger, Computer specialist at Self-Employment (2004-present)
In the land of the blind a one eyed man is king.
Supremacy is a relative term. Google may be supreme relatively speaking but the absolute capabilities of what Google can actually do with this supremacy besides generating heat is nothing.
Actions speak louder than words. Their words mean nothing unless they show reproducible results.
I predict that the only thing that will happen as a result of this announcement is a lot of debate like this one here on Quora for example.
upxe:
I got a valid comment saying that quantum supremacy is a well-defined term and that means that a quantum computer has performed a task that is not possible to do with a classical computer in the time that the quantum computer did it.
This means that there was more to it than I said in my initial answer. Supremacy is not only relative but Google claims also to have done something that is not possible to do with a classical computer.
Judging on the reactions of others in the field this claim of Google is disputed so it may still turn out to be the case that they have only been creating heat like I said in my initial answer. But only time will tell.
So far my initial prediction is still valid though: This announcement created is a lot of debate.



P Vijaya Kumar
Well matured Quantum computer is far more superior than current super computer. If some advancement in supercomputer happens, does it affect our life? No, isn’t? In the same way, google quantum supremacy is a step towards the realization of quantum computers, currently it doesn’t have any effect on our daily lives.

成熟的量子計(jì)算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于目前的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)。
如果超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)出現(xiàn)了一些進(jìn)步，它會(huì)影響我們的生活嗎？肯定會(huì)，不是嗎？
同樣，谷歌的量子霸權(quán)是邁向量子計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的一步，只是目前它對(duì)我們的日常生活沒(méi)有任何影響。

Pauline Schiappa, former Author
The meaning of "achieving quantum supremacy" simply means that Google now owns a "Quantum Physics" capable computer being the first to have acquired a Quantum Physics computer. How does this impact Google (or you)? Who knows! Depends upon how Google implants usage of the abilities of a Quantum Physics computer!

“實(shí)現(xiàn)量子霸權(quán)”，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，就是谷歌現(xiàn)在擁有一臺(tái)具有“量子物理”能力的計(jì)算機(jī)，這是第一臺(tái)獲得量子物理計(jì)算機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)，這對(duì)谷歌( 或你) 有何影響？誰(shuí)知道呢！這取決于谷歌移植、利用量子物理計(jì)算機(jī)的能力！

Jeff Berkowitz, B.S. Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara (1982)
Nothing special will happen. We’re still a long, long way from quantum computers having any practical impact on anything.

不會(huì)有什么特別的事情發(fā)生。
我們距離量子計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)事物產(chǎn)生實(shí)際影響還有很長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。

Frank Do
I just suggested to other members of our group that we should spend more time for R&D on quantum physic matters, including quantum computing but we all agree that we must define the obxtives prior anything. That is what applications would quantum computing be more practical. Only Google knows what would be the next step.

我向我們小組的其他成員建議，我們應(yīng)該在量子物理問(wèn)題上花更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行研發(fā)，包括量子計(jì)算，但我們都同意，我們必須首先確定目標(biāo)，那就是量子計(jì)算更實(shí)用的應(yīng)用，只有谷歌知道下一步該怎么做。

Ricardo Hodara, former Cognitive Scientist
They will rob all your accounts and decrypt all your non quantum personal secrets!!!!!!!!! Haha haha hahaha (evil laught!!)
LoL
Seriously, probably they will sell more and new web services and dedicated quantum cloud services to many different types of researchers and industry.
Regards from Brazil. Sorry for the fast answer.

他們會(huì)搶劫你所有的賬戶并解密你所有的非量子個(gè)人秘密！哈哈哈( 邪惡的小曲唱起來(lái)?。?
LOL。
說(shuō)真的，他們可能會(huì)向許多不同類型的研究人員和行業(yè)出售更多新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)和專用的量子云服務(wù)。
來(lái)自巴西的問(wèn)候。
抱歉，回答得這么快。



Gheorghe Matei, I''m a retired electrical engineer.
To be very exact: In Google ‘quantum supremacy’ 3 * 5 = 15 in only 49% of cases! Try to understand this simple fact.
In fact, quantum theory is a hype of the physics, and quantum computing is not about computing! All is a chaos with ghosts. Read with attention "The Universe doesn''t know mathematics!" math and physics! And without books. Without wiki. Learn, study, think, do! This is a unique chance to understand the real world!

確切地說(shuō)：在谷歌的“量子霸權(quán)”中，3 * 5=15 只有49% 的可能！ 試著理解這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)。
事實(shí)上，量子理論是物理學(xué)的炒作，而量子計(jì)算無(wú)關(guān)計(jì)算！ 所有的一切都是鬼扯。
看清楚——“宇-宙-不-懂-數(shù)-學(xué)！ ” 沒(méi)有數(shù)學(xué)，沒(méi)有物理！ 也沒(méi)有書(shū)， 沒(méi)有維基。
學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)，思考，行動(dòng)！ 這是一個(gè)了解真實(shí)世界的唯一途徑！