Johnson & Johnson's COVID Vaccine Approval May Help U.S. Reach Herd Immunity by Early Fall

強生新冠疫苗獲批或可有助于美國在初秋達到群體免疫

BY JENNI FINK ON 2/27/21 AT 7:54 PM EST

JENNI FINK于美國東部時間2月27日下午7:54報道

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Johnson & Johnson its Emergency Use Authorization, creating the potential for 3 or 4 million more people to be fully inoculated against COVID-19 next week.

美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)批準了強生公司的緊急使用許可，這意味著下周將有300萬或400萬人可以充分接種新冠疫苗。

Johnson & Johnson became the third company to receive an Emergency Use Authorization for its COVID-19 vaccine on Saturday. It's the only vaccine currently available in a one-dose form, so people are fully protected after just one shot. It's also easier to transport because it doesn't have the same refrigeration needs as the other two vaccines.

周六，強生成為第三家獲得新冠疫苗緊急使用授權的公司。這是目前唯一一種單劑量的疫苗，所以人們只要打一針就能得到充分的保護。它也更容易運輸，因為它不像其他兩種疫苗一樣需要冷藏。

Ahead of its authorization, Johnson & Johnson said it could deliver 20 million doses by the end of March and 100 million by the end of June, as per the purchasing agreement. Three or 4 million doses could be shipped out next week, according to Jeff Zients, the White House's coronavirus response coordinator, fully vaccinating people once the shots are administered.

在授權之前，強生公司表示，根據(jù)采購協(xié)議，它將在3月底之前交付2000萬劑，在6月底之前交付1億劑。白宮冠狀病毒應對協(xié)調(diào)員杰夫·齊恩茨表示，下周可能會運送300萬至400萬劑疫苗，一旦執(zhí)行，就會對人們進行全面接種。
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"If the FDA approves the use of this new vaccine, we have a plan to roll it out as quickly as Johnson & Johnson can make it," President Joe Biden said on Thursday. "We'll use every conceivable way to expand manufacturing of the vaccine."
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, considers the Johnson & Johnson vaccine a "game-changer." Since full protection is achieved after one shot, there isn't the logistical challenge that the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have of making sure people return for their second dose.

美國總統(tǒng)喬·拜登周四表示:“如果食品和藥物管理局批準使用這種新疫苗，我們有一個計劃，只要強生公司能生產(chǎn)出這種疫苗，我們就會盡快推出它?！?“我們將利用一切可能的方法擴大疫苗的生產(chǎn)?！?美國國家過敏和傳染病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)主任安東尼·福奇(Anthony Fauci)博士認為，強生公司的疫苗是“游戲規(guī)則的改變者”。 由于一針疫苗就能實現(xiàn)全面保護，因此不存在輝瑞和摩德納疫苗在后勤上的挑戰(zhàn)，無需確保人們再次接種。
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Along with preventing additional hospitalizations and loss of life, the authorization of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine could help put America on its return to a degree of normalcy.

除了防止更多的住院治療和生命損失，強生疫苗的授權還可以幫助美國恢復一定程度的正常。

"Herd immunity is a population concept, so whatever limits transmission of the virus in the population is what matters," Vincent Racaniello, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Columbia University, told Newsweek. "Right now, there is little evidence that one [Pfizer or Moderna] vaccine dose can limit virus transmission in the population."

哥倫比亞大學微生物學和免疫學教授Vincent Racaniello在接受《新聞周刊》采訪時表示:“群體免疫是一個群體概念，所以限制病毒在人群中的傳播才是關鍵?！?“目前，幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明一劑(輝瑞或摩德納)疫苗可以限制病毒在人群中的傳播?！?/b>


The FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine on Friday. Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center investigational pharmacy technician Sara Berech is reflected in the glass of a fume hood as she prepares a dose of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine for a clinical trial on December 15 in Aurora, Colorado.MICHAEL CIAGLO/GETTY

食品和藥物管理局于周五發(fā)布了強生公司疫苗的緊急使用授權。洛基山地區(qū)退伍士兵醫(yī)療中心調(diào)查藥學技術員Sara Berech在為12月15日科羅拉多州奧羅拉的臨床試驗準備一劑強生新冠疫苗時，映照在通風柜的玻璃上。（上圖）

When creating his late summer, early fall timeline for reaching herd immunity, where 70 to 85 percent of Americans are inoculated, Fauci told Newsweek he factored in people having both doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines or the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

在夏末秋初制定達到群體免疫的時間表時，70%到85%的美國人都接種了疫苗, 福奇告訴《新聞周刊》，他考慮到了使用輝瑞或摩德納疫苗或強生單針疫苗的人群。

About 14 percent of Americans received at least one dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, but only 6.5 percent of Americans have received both, according to the most recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data.

根據(jù)美國疾病控制與預防中心(CDC)的最新數(shù)據(jù)，大約14%的美國人至少接種過一劑輝瑞或摩德納的疫苗，但只有6.5%的美國人同時接種了兩種疫苗。
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Without Johnson & Johnson's single-dose shot, America's current rate of vaccinations would mean the country wouldn't reach herd immunity until the end of November or early December.

如果沒有強生公司的單劑疫苗注射，美國目前的疫苗接種率意味著這個國家要到11月底或12月初才能達到群體免疫。
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The FDA's analysis of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine found it to be safe and 66 percent effective against moderate to severe disease at least 28 days after vaccination. It also determined the vaccine was more effective against a variant that originated in South Africa than the company's initial data showed.

食品和藥物管理局對強生公司的疫苗分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，它是安全的，在接種后28天內(nèi)，對中度至重度疾病的有效性達到66%。它還確定，該疫苗對源自南非的一種變種的效果比該公司最初數(shù)據(jù)顯示得更有效。
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Vaccinations are key to curbing the pandemic, and the CDC is expected to issue guidelines for areas where vaccinated people can ease up on restrictions. However, being vaccinated doesn't negate the need to follow basic public health measures, such as social distancing and wearing a mask. Little is expected to change until vaccinations are widespread.

疫苗接種是控制疫情的關鍵，預計美國疾病控制與預防中心將發(fā)布指導方針，指導那些接種過疫苗的人可以放松限制。然而，接種疫苗并不能否定遵循基本公共衛(wèi)生措施的必要性，如保持社交距離和戴口罩。在疫苗普及之前，預計不會有什么變化。

If that happens in summer or early fall, as Fauci predicts, he said there's a "reasonable chance" people could return to entertainment venues and theaters at full capacity before winter.

如果這種情況發(fā)生在夏天或初秋，正如福奇預測的那樣，他說有“合適的機會”，人們可以在冬天之前滿員返回娛樂場所和劇院。