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Spandan Mallick
Thank you Clinton Fernandes for the A2A!

謝克林頓·費爾南德斯（Clinton Fernandes）邀
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處

Often, while searching for life on other planets, we forget that the life we intend to find might not be green slender moving beings with big slimy brains - yes, they need not be intelligent. As much as a small organism (rather, a micro-organism) is an immense find for life on other planets.

通常，在尋找其他行星上的生命時，我們會忘記我們想要尋找的生命可能不是綠色細長身子大腦袋的動人生物-是的，它們不需要聰明。只要在其它行星上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個小的有機體（即，微生物）就是一個巨大的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

For example, elongated micro-structures have been found on a Martian meteorite named ALH84001 that had struck the pole of Earth and has been predicted to have come from - MARS, almost 13,000 years ago! Here is a picture of those elongated structures:

例如，在一個名為ALH84001的火星隕石上發(fā)現(xiàn)了細長的微結構，該隕石撞擊了地球的極點，而且據(jù)預測來自近13,000年前的火星！這是這些細長結構的圖片：
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(IMAGE SOURCE: Britannica Encyclopedia)

（圖片來源：大不列顛百科全書）

These have been thought by many to be signs of earlier life on Mars. However, there is no majority consensus amongst working researchers on the topic. The meteorite was recovered from the Allan Hills ice field of Antarctica in 1984.

許多人認為這些是火星早期生命的跡象。但是，這個課題的研究人員之間沒有達成多數(shù)共識。隕石是在1984年從南極的艾倫山冰原中回收的。

So, if we do find life on Mars, it is less probable that one would find beings like these:

因此，如果我們確實在火星上找到了生命，那么人們不太可能會找到這樣的生物：

IMAGE SOURCE: Space Magazine)

（圖片來源：《太空》雜志）

And more probable, they’ll be like this:

他們更有可能像這樣：

(IMAGE SOURCE: Live Science Daily)

（圖片來源：《每日生命科學》）
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The organism showed above is called a tardigrade which is possibly the toughest organism to ever tread Earth - it can literally survive years without oxygen, or in extreme radiation or even in fire! They simple don’t die! A European team of researchers sent a group of living tardigrades to orbit the earth on the outside of a FOTON-M3 rocket for 10 days in 2007. They survived perfectly! So, it’s more probable life on Mars will be microscopic.

上面顯示的生物為水熊，它可能是有史以來地球上存在的最頑強的生物-實際上，它可以在沒有氧氣，極端輻射甚至在火中存活數(shù)年！他們就是不死！一個歐洲研究人員小組在2007年在FOTON-M3火箭表面發(fā)射了一群活的水熊，繞地球運行了10天，它們完美地存活了下來！因此，火星上的生命更有可能是微觀的。

With more and more probes and rovers being launched to search for life on Mars (if it exists), it is more likely humans will come across some form of life on Mars within some years if it exists. The recent Perseverance rover sent by NASA and landed in 2021, also has Astro-Biology as one of it’s mission obxtives.

隨著越來越多的探測，以及漫游者號在火星上尋找生命（如果存在的話），如果存在，人類很可能會在幾年內遇到某種形式的生命。美國國家航空航天局最近發(fā)射的毅力號漫游車將于2021年登陸，“天體生物學”就是它的任務目標之一。

(IMAGE SOURCE: NASA)

（圖片來源：美國國家航空航天局（NASA））

Another thing, humans might consider is that life need not be carbon-based but can also be based on other elements, for instance - silicon. However, it is very less likely, humans will encounter silicon-based life in the Solar System. If humans ever encounter any, it will change the way - humans perceive life.

人類可能會考慮的另一件事是，生命不必是碳基的，也可以基于其他元素，例如硅。但是，人類在太陽系中遇到硅基生命的可能性很小。如果人類遇到任何一種，它將改變人類感知生活方式。

Ali Mohammad,
There are 2 possibilities but its more a fiction than reality.

有兩種可能性，但更像是虛構的。

Possibility 1:

Microbes could exist in Mars due to the Martian soil however, Mars atmosphere is not thick at all, it has small quantities of water vapor and does not have a magnetosphere in order to have surface atmosphere which is why life most likely does not exist; but if it did, it would be in the form of bacteria/germs undetectable to the naked eye in very few parts of the location with minimum radiation and wind pressure effects.

微生物可能存在于火星土壤中，但是，火星大氣根本不濃，它具有少量的水蒸氣，并且不具有磁層，所以就沒有地表大氣，這就是為什么火星最可能不存在生命的原因；但是，如果這樣的話，它將在極少的輻射和風壓影響下，以肉眼無法察覺的細菌的形式存在。

Possibility 2:
This possibility is too silly due to conspiracies but for the sake of it:

由于陰謀論，這個可能性太愚蠢了

Mars Alien Civilization Ruin/Fossil Ruins conspiracy theory

火星外星文明遺址/化石遺址陰謀論

Walled City on Martian atmosphere theory

火星大氣理論城寨

Some scientist believe that Mars was once habitable similar to Earth 2–3 billion years ago and life might have existed. There are many conspiracy theories on the web and weird sites dedicated to claiming past civilization ruins from photos taken by rover. If it was true, we would have known by now.
If past life existed on Mars other than in the form of a microbes, we would have long known about it due to fossils left by different multicellular living species.
Best bet would be to examine the frozen water thoroughly hidden-deep beneath the Martian soil to check evidence for past alien life.
Over the years NASA has sent 5 rovers to Mars. They would have detected signs of life almost 2 decades ago if life existed. However, we will find out with thorough examination when SpaceX sends the manned crew sometime planned in 2030’s.

一些科學家認為，火星在2-3億年前曾像地球一樣宜居，并且生命可能已經(jīng)存在。網(wǎng)上怪異的網(wǎng)站上有許多陰謀論，這些論據(jù)都試圖從漫游者拍攝的照片中宣稱找到過去的文明廢墟。如果這是真的，那么現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)知道了。
如果過去的生命不是以微生物的形式存在于火星上，由于不同的多細胞生物物種留下的化石，我們早就應該知道了。
最好的選擇是探查完全隱藏在火星土壤下方深處的冷凍水，以探測過去的外星生命的證據(jù)。
多年來，NASA已向火星發(fā)送了5輛漫游車。如果存在生命的話，他們應該在大約20年前就發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡象了。然而，當SpaceX在2030年代計劃發(fā)射載人飛船時，我們將進行徹底的探查。

Andrew Forrest
Given the shortage of clement conditions on Mars, we would not expect to find much more than simple prokaryote life on Mars such as bacteria. Something anaerobic that doesn’t require sunlight would be the obvious choice, such as anoxic iron cycling microbes which could survive in underground aquifers that we are reasonably sure exist on Mars.

鑒于火星上自然生存條件的匱乏，除了細菌等原核生物，我們不會期望在火星上找到更高級生物。不需要陽光的厭氧菌將是顯而易見的選擇，例如可以合理推斷，在火星的地下含水層中可能存在厭氧的鐵循環(huán)微生物。
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This doesn’t sound like much to get excited about, but if we find these wee beasties there it will revolutionise biology, and literally double our number of known sources of life. Does this life have a shared genetic heritage with us and are our long lost cousins? Does this life have a completely different origin and use different methods of earning a living, so to speak? Either way it would be incredibly fascinating to find life on the red planet, and maybe we’ll have some answers before the middle of the century.

這聽起來并不令人興奮，但是，如果我們在那里找到這些小生物，它將徹底改變生物學，并使我們已知的生命來源的數(shù)量增加一倍。這些生命與我們有共同的遺傳物質嗎？是我們長期失散的表親嗎？還是可以說，這種生命是否有完全不同的起源，并使用不同的謀生手段？無論哪種方式，在紅色星球上尋找生命都將令人著迷，也許我們會在本世紀中葉之前得到一些答案。

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如果我們在火星上找到生命，會是什么樣的形式？

如果我們在火星上找到生命，會是什么樣的形式？