有哪些看似不相關(guān)的動物有很像人類的地方？
What seemingly unrelated animal has something very humanlike?
譯文簡介
西海岸的一個海洋實驗室里有一只章魚，它會：
(1)取下魚缸的蓋子；
(2)爬出魚缸，在地板上滑過，爬到一個裝著美味的、稀有而昂貴的海螺的魚缸里；
(3)打開魚缸，爬進(jìn)去吃掉蝸牛；
(4)爬出來，把蝸牛缸蓋好；
(5)回家，關(guān)上門，裝作沒事兒人。
正文翻譯
What seemingly unrelated animal has something very humanlike?
有哪些看似不相關(guān)的動物有很像人類的地方？
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There are some good reasons to believe that octopii are aliens from another planet. Research shows that the octopus has 10,000 more genes than humans.
They can distinguish between colors as well as open screw-top jars and child-proof bottles.
There was an octopus at a sea lab on the West Coast that would (1) remove his tank cover, (2) climb out of his tank and slither across the floor to a tank that held yummy rare and expensive sea snails (3) open their tank, climb in and have a Snail All You Can Eat, (4) climb out and replace the snail tank cover, (5) go back home, close the door, and play it cool.
The director of the sea lab warned his employees twice, “Whoever is stealing snails will be fired immediately!”.
Then they set up a video camera …
Jon Bourgetti, 攻讀歷史學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位
有一些很好的理由相信章魚是來自另一個星球的外星人。研究表明，章魚的基因比人類多1萬條。
它們能區(qū)分顏色，也能扭開瓶蓋和防孩童誤觸的瓶子。
西海岸的一個海洋實驗室里有一只章魚，它會：
(1)取下魚缸的蓋子；
(2)爬出魚缸，在地板上滑過，爬到一個裝著美味的、稀有而昂貴的海螺的魚缸里；
(3)打開魚缸，爬進(jìn)去吃掉蝸牛；
(4)爬出來，把蝸牛缸蓋好；
(5)回家，關(guān)上門，裝作沒事兒人。
海洋實驗室的主任兩次警告他的員工:“誰偷蝸牛，誰就立刻被解雇!”
然后他們架起了攝像機(jī)……
“April 2016, … Inky the octopus's great escape from the National Aquarium of New Zealand. The lid of Inky's tank was left ajar at night, and he took advantage of this by climbing out, walking across a room to a drain opening, and squeezing down a 160ft (50m) pipe to the open ocean.”
An octopus in the ocean was observed catching snails, taking them to a grotto, then moving stones to block the entrance so they were captured for later dining like Hansel and Gretel.
“2016年4月，新西蘭國家水族館的章魚大逃亡。晚上，Inky的水箱蓋半開著，他利用這一點爬了出來，穿過一個房間，走到排水口，擠下一條160英尺(50米)長的管道，匯入大海?！?br /> 人們觀察到海洋中的一只章魚捕捉蝸牛（的方法）——把它們帶到一個洞穴里，然后移動石頭堵住洞口，這樣它們就被捕獲，并可以晚點再享用了。
鏈接：《為何章魚是海洋里的天才》
Snail mommies tell that story to snail babies to stop them from wandering away.
蝸牛媽媽會把這個故事講給蝸牛寶寶聽，防止它們亂跑。
“Running snails,” interesting concept.
“跑動的蝸?！埃腥さ母拍?/b>
Ever owned a 9 month old crawler?
Those little squirts can fly when they want.
見過9個月大的爬蟲嗎？
只要它們想就可以飛（奔）。
Not only are octopi maritime Einsteins, they are extremely tasty! What’s not to like? Seriously though, octopoid intelligence is simply amazing. Their evolutionary path must have been labyrinthine.
The sea snail tale is riotously funny. What a burglar! Give that critter a prize. “Hansel and Gretel”?!? You really need to do a lot more writing at Quora. This place is so bereft of humor as to be a desiccant.
章魚不僅是海洋里的愛因斯坦，而且它們非常美味!為什么不喜歡呢?不過說真的，章魚的智能簡直太驚人了，它們的進(jìn)化之路一定錯綜復(fù)雜。
這個海蝸牛的故事非常有趣。厲害的小偷!給那個小動物一個獎品吧。
I believe they are at least one of the animals we should not be killing. This group includes elephants, whales, dolphins and porpoises. This is a short list, there are more.
我相信它們至少是我們不應(yīng)該捕殺的動物之一。這類動物包括大象、鯨魚、海豚和海豚。不一而足，還有更多。
If we are going by intelligence, pigs. They are the smartest domesticated animal.
如果真要算智商的話，還有豬。
它們是最聰明的家養(yǎng)動物。
Monkeys, of any kind.
猴子，任何一種（都算）。
Crows too
烏鴉也算。
Dogs
狗狗。
“There are some good reasons to believe that octopii are aliens from another planet.” I have been asserting this for years. They are amazing!
“有一些很好的理由相信章魚是來自另一個星球的外星人?！拔叶嗄陙硪恢眻猿诌@一點。他們太讓人驚訝了!
I recently came across another very interesting explanation that perhaps explains their striking intelligence.
I have always wondered why homo sapiens developed such powerful brains 30k-50k years ago - brains that had the ability to do calculus (not discovered until Isaac Newton, but nevertheless, ancient man had the intellectual cspacity). Why evolve such a powerful brain if it had no use? It takes huge amount of rare and hard to get protein to nourish the developing human brain.
Then just around two months ago, I read an article that suggested an explanation: the human brain developed to its present awesome cspacity just about the ssme time humans started esting shellfish
Shellfish were easy to acquire and consume (not oysters - too hard to open) in ancient Africa, they provide enormous amounts of protein and other nutrients essential foand they could iften be found in eater less than thirty feet deep. Ancient man wss known to be very very good at diving that deep.
That's the same marine zone generally inhabited by octopii.
我最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一個非常有趣的解釋，或許可以解釋它們驚人的智力。
我一直想知道為什么智人在3萬到5萬年前發(fā)展出了如此強(qiáng)大的大腦——有計算能力的大腦(直到艾薩克·牛頓才發(fā)現(xiàn)這點，但不管怎樣，古人類擁有智力)。
如果大腦毫無用處，為什么要進(jìn)化出這么強(qiáng)大的大腦呢?需要大量稀有且難以獲得的蛋白質(zhì)來滋養(yǎng)發(fā)育中的人類大腦。
然后就在兩個月前，我讀到一篇文章，文章給出了一個解釋:人類大腦發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在驚人能力的時間正好是人類開始食用貝類的時間。
貝類很容易獲得和食用(不是牡蠣，這很難打開)。在古代非洲，它們提供了大量的蛋白質(zhì)和其他必需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，常常可以在不到30英尺深的水中就能找到。眾所周知，古代人類非常非常擅長潛水到那么深的地方。
這也是章魚通常居住的海洋區(qū)域。
Woah. Respect for the octopi. Any who can open their own tanks and chow down on snails deserves a snail buffet. Hasta la Vista, Inky.. Catch ya oceanside!
向章魚致敬。
任何能自己開水箱吃蝸牛的動物都值得享用蝸牛自助餐。
再見，Inky，暢享海洋吧!
Worst task in Australia? Fingerprint technician in the outback.
Koalas have fingerprints that are almost identical to those of humans, How similar? Take a look at this:
The human fingerprint is on the left. This similarity has caused confusion in some cases, and doubtless will continue to do so, especially when working with partial prints.
Laurence Boorer，退休(2020-至今)
在澳大利亞，最糟糕的任務(wù)是什么?處理指紋的技術(shù)人員?？祭ò拇罄麃喬赜形锓N）的指紋與人類的指紋幾乎完全相同，有多相似?看看這個:
左邊是人的指紋，這種相似性在某些情況下造成了混亂，而且毫無疑問將繼續(xù)造成混亂，特別是在處理部分指紋時。
Ma'am. print evidence appears that a koala stole your baby.”
“女士，指紋證據(jù)顯示是一只考拉偷了你的孩子。”
Lemurs Lemurs belong to a group called prosimian primates, defined as all primates that are neither monkeys nor apes. Though there are many species of lemur, there are very few individuals.
Lemurs have the ability to learn patterns, and they even have obxt discrimination skill
Lemur society is run by females.Female dominance over males is rare among mammals, including primates. But it's the norm for lemurs.
lemurs sing together as groups ... mostly.
Not many primates sing, aside from humans, and indris are the only lemurs known to do so. Living in small groups across Madagascar's eastern rain forests, they belt out songs that play a key role in group formation as well as defense. Both males and females sing, and research has shown that group members carefully coordinate their chorus by copying each other's rhythms and synchronizing notes.
Varun Kumar Riat自主創(chuàng)業(yè) (2020-至今)
狐猴屬于原猴類靈長類動物，定義為既不是猴子也不是猿類的、靈長類動物。雖然狐猴的種類很多，但個體卻很少。
狐猴有學(xué)習(xí)模式的能力，它們甚至有辨別物體的技能。狐猴社會是由雌性主導(dǎo)的。雌性統(tǒng)治雄性的現(xiàn)象在哺乳動物中很少見，包括靈長類動物，但這是狐猴的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
狐猴會成群地唱歌……大多數(shù)時候是這樣。
除了人類，很少有靈長類動物會唱歌，而大狐猴是已知的唯一會唱歌的狐猴。在馬達(dá)加斯加?xùn)|部的雨林里，它們以小群居的方式生活，它們發(fā)出的歌聲在群居和防御中起著關(guān)鍵作用。
雄性和雌性都唱歌，研究表明，樂隊成員通過模仿彼此的節(jié)奏和同步的音符來仔細(xì)協(xié)調(diào)他們的合唱。
Sean Kernan, Son of Quora
They might seem quite alien to humans: (Fear not, it is a pouch to carry their young.)
But they actually share one very rare quality with humans:
Thumbs.
They are one of the only non-primates to have them.
They have them on their feet though, as they don’t have “hands” per se.
The opposable thumbs are used to help them climb more efficiently. They are fantastic climbers, which is what allows them to climb while carrying babies on their back.
They are the only marsupial in the United States.
They also have the most teeth of any mammal (50).
But they still need to figure out how to deal with cars though. Come to the United States, and the most common roadkill you will see are opossums.
They can only see a few feet in front of them and rely on smell to navigate, hence the car problem.
If you do see a recently killed opossum, and you feel up to it, please check to see if it has young in its pouch, you can often rescue them this way.
Sean Kernan，Quora之子
負(fù)鼠，它們對人類來說可能很陌生:
不用害怕，這是一個裝幼崽的育兒袋。但它們實際上和人類有一個非常罕見的共同點:
拇指。它們是唯一擁有這些的非靈長類動物之一，這些都長在它們腳上，因為它們本身沒有“手”。對生拇指用來幫助他們更有效地攀爬。它們是很棒的攀登者，這使它們能夠背著嬰兒攀登。
它們是美國唯一的有袋動物，它們的牙齒也是哺乳動物中最多的(50顆)。
但是他們?nèi)匀恍枰宄绾翁幚砥?。在美國，你會看到最常見的被車撞死的動物是?fù)鼠。
它們只能看到前方幾英尺的地方，靠氣味導(dǎo)航。
如果你確實看到一只最近被殺的負(fù)鼠，并且你覺得可行的話，請檢查一下它的袋里是否有幼崽，你通?？梢杂眠@種方式拯救它們。
Opossums are also great because they are natural trash pick-up and keep places clean. They also love to eat ticks and can’t normally carry rabies (it is theoretically possible, but rare enough that most wildlife experts say that they just plain can’t).
負(fù)鼠還有一點很棒是它們是天然的垃圾收集者，能保持干凈。
它們也喜歡吃扁虱，通常不會攜帶狂犬病(理論上這是可能的，但非常罕見，大多數(shù)野生動物專家說它們就是沒法攜帶狂犬病)。
Great point. Forgot to mention that!
很棒的一點，我忘了說了!
I knew this and really think they are neat animals but did not know about the thumbs. Did you know that a clowder of cats will allow an opossum to eat with them? For some reason these very selfish creatures will allow them but no others to share a meal!
我知道這一點，也確實認(rèn)為它們是整潔的動物，但還不知道拇指這回事。
但你知道一群貓會允許負(fù)鼠和它們一起吃飯嗎?
出于某種原因，這些非常自私的生物除了負(fù)鼠外不會跟其他任何生物分享食物!
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Opossums reproductive genitals are complicated.
Females have 2 vaginal tracts. 2 uteri.
Males have forked, bifurcated penis.
They are constantly self grooming. Cleanliness.
They never get rabbies. They slow down the spread of Lyme diseases.
They lack sweat glands.
They are social creatures.
In front of predators, they pretend to be dead sticking out its tongue, hours toegther. It spreads an offensive odor while pretending dead. Putrid odor. Impressive defensive mechanisms.
Their memories are sharp.
They can also smell toxic substances and avoid them.
They are immune to most snakes' venom.
They use their tail as an arm, to hang down at the tree branches. Appendage facility.
Thot as dumwitted dirty creatures.
負(fù)鼠的生殖器官很復(fù)雜。
雌性有兩個陰道，2個子宮。雄性有分叉的陰莖。
他們經(jīng)常自我打扮，清潔。
它們沒有汗腺。它們是群居動物。
在捕食者面前，它們裝死并伸出舌頭，一連幾個小時。
它在假裝死亡時散發(fā)出一種令人討厭的氣味，腐爛的氣味，這是令人印象深刻的防御機(jī)制。
他們的記憶敏捷，還能聞到有毒物質(zhì)并避開它們。
它們對大多數(shù)蛇的毒液免疫。
它們用尾巴當(dāng)手臂，垂在樹枝上。
Here in Sarasota they are everywhere. Some even call them “cute”, others call them ugly. I classify them as “cugly”. Their faces are horrendous lol, it’s like a hamster on steroids with a bad makeover
在薩拉索塔（美國西部城市），它們無處不在。
有些人倒是稱它們“可愛”，有些人則稱它們“丑陋”。
我把它們歸類為“丑萌”。他們的臉挺可怕的，哈哈哈，就像一個吃了類固醇的倉鼠，糟糕的造型。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
I’ve seen film of an octopus in a tank, watching his human cleaning out his tank by using a magnet on the outside to drag a scraper up and down the inside of the glass, scraping off algae. After watching this for a while the octopus, who iirc was called Jock, grabbed the scraper, yanked it off the magnet and then carefully scraped his own glass clean.
This was such a very human action, from a radically different creature whose line split from ours over half a billion years ago, that it makes me think that intelligence tends to be convergent, and that if we meet extraterrestrial aliens we’ll be able to understand each other fairly well.
Claire Jordan, 在國家衛(wèi)生局工作過
我曾看過一部視頻，一只章魚在魚缸里，看著它的主人用一塊磁鐵在外面吸著一把刮刀在玻璃里面上下刮去海藻，清理魚缸。
看了一會兒之后，這只名叫喬克的章魚抓住了刮刀，把它從磁鐵上拽了下來，然后小心翼翼地把自己的玻璃刮干凈。
這是一種非常人類行為，來自一個完全不同的生物的角度。它讓我覺得智商往往是殊途同歸的，如果我們遇見外星人，我們也能夠很好地理解彼此。
Tony Castaldo
Great story. I research AI, and I agree. I think intelligence gets trained by the environment, and because environments are roughly the same, intelligence (when present) will tend toward convergence.
In a way, your story is about cultural learning: Jock learned something new by observing somebody else doing it. And it was tool use, no less. It would be even more interesting if Jock kept the scraper and spontaneously used it on his own when it was appropriate. He might have been rather bored in the tank, and cleaning it with a new and interesting tool was something to do!
It makes me wonder if anybody has tried to teach Octopi language skills …
很棒的故事。
我研究人工智能，我同意這點。我認(rèn)為智力是受環(huán)境訓(xùn)練的，因為環(huán)境大致相同，智力(當(dāng)存在時)會趨同。
在某種程度上，你的故事是關(guān)于文化學(xué)習(xí)的:喬克通過觀察別人在做什么而學(xué)到新的東西。這是一種工具的使用。如果喬克保留刮刀，并在合適的時候自行使用的話，會更加有趣。
他可能在水箱里很無聊，用一種新的有趣的工具清潔水箱是一件很有意思的事情!
這讓我懷疑是否有人嘗試過教授章魚語言技能。
What always puzzles me is why no-one has taught language to an elephant. OK, they can’t exactly sign with only one “l(fā)imb” with one or two fingers on it, but I’m sure they could work a sturdy keyboard. I’m also sure they’re intelligent enough to understand barter - orangutans do - so if we could talk to them we could hire them to work for us, instead of enslaving them.
一直讓我困惑的是為什么沒有人教大象語言。
好吧，他們不可能用一個“肢體”的一兩個“手指”來寫字，但我相信他們可以使用一個堅固的鍵盤。
我也肯定它們足夠聰明，懂得以物易物，猩猩就懂。
所以如果我們能和它們說話，我們就能雇傭它們?yōu)槲覀児ぷ?，而不是奴役它們?/b>
Elephants can paint recognizable pictures. Google “elephant painting a picture”. Although this is accomplished by training (which is often cruel). Thus it does not prove any creativity or artistic desire, but it does prove that the elephant’s trunk has fine enough control to write, or as you say, work a keyboard or picture sextion pad. Other sources prove the elephant’s intelligence, problem solving capability, and emotional life. I agree they are enslaved and unjustly, often with cruelty.
大象能畫出容易辨認(rèn)的畫。
谷歌“大象畫一幅畫”，盡管這是通過訓(xùn)練(通常是殘酷的)來完成的。
因此，它不能證明任何創(chuàng)造力或藝術(shù)欲望，但它確實證明了象鼻子有足夠好的控制力來寫字，或者如你所說，使用鍵盤。
其他資料證明了大象的智力、解決問題的能力和情感生活。我同意他們是被奴役的，而且是不公正的，而且常常是殘酷的。
Intelligence is a much-misunderstood ability.
For example, dogs are quite brilliant compared with us… at being dogs. When dog things are involved they are looking at us thinking ‘why don’t you get it? It’s barking obvious!’
Likewise horses etc.
What surprises us is when an animal displays higher-level intelligence; like the octopus which is apparently grasping something beyond everyday octopus stuff.
At these higher levels, intelligence must be convergent. The laws of physics don't change because they are being studied by an intelligent mattress in the swamps of Squornshelous Zeta.
智力是一種容易被誤解的能力。
例如，與我們相比，狗在做狗方面……就非常聰明。當(dāng)涉及到狗的事情時，它們會看著我們，想‘你為什么不明白?太特么明顯了!”
類似的還有馬等。
讓我們驚訝的是，當(dāng)動物表現(xiàn)出更高的智力水平時——比如這只章魚，它顯然是在抓一些章魚不曾抓過的東西。
在這些更高的層次上，智力必然是趨同的。物理定律不會改變，也因此它們正被用于科學(xué)研究。
language skills would be difficult to teach an octopus - most species of octopi are unsocial, so have no urge to talk, even visually, to each other, except at breeding times, and generally, their hearing sense is not particularly sharp, i think.
you’d need to find a social species of octopus - i hear of some interesting reports recently on one such, discovered recently deep in Pacific Ocean - and teach it something like a cartoon sign language.
my 2cents.
語言技能很難教授給章魚。
大多數(shù)種類的章魚都是不合群的，所以除了在繁殖期之外，它們沒有交流的沖動，即使是視覺交流，而且一般來說，我認(rèn)為它們的聽覺不是特別靈敏。
你需要找到一種群體性的章魚，我聽說最近在太平洋深處發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種，教它們一些類似卡通手語的東西。
為此，我愿捐出2美分。
Well, by language I don’t mean spoken, but something using their natural abilities. Perhaps like gorillas, they can be taught to sign the things they want, or like Alex the Parrot taught to respond intelligibly for treats, or to solve puzzles for treats. Octopi do have fine motor control, and they can use tools, so they could draw signs, or sext one picture amongst many, etc.
我說的語言不是口頭的，而是能運用他們的天賦的東西。
也許就像大猩猩一樣，它們可以被教會在它們想要的東西上簽名，或者像鸚鵡亞歷克斯被教授對食物做出明確反應(yīng)，或解謎獲得食物。
章魚確實有精細(xì)的運動控制，它們可以使用工具，所以它們可以畫符號，或者從許多圖片中選擇一張，等等。
Claire, you have come to the same conclusion that I did.
That in order for high intelligence to lead to a technologically advanced society, they have to think in a logical cooperative way, and it would take the same kind of characteristics to make a successful society as we use to make successful societies.
Which means.. more commonalities than differences.
樓主，你得出了和我一樣的結(jié)論。
為了讓高智能引領(lǐng)一個技術(shù)先進(jìn)的社會，他們必須以一種邏輯合作的方式來思考，這將需要同樣的特征來創(chuàng)造一個成功的社會，就像我們創(chuàng)造成功的社會一樣。
這意味著……共性多于差異。
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Astrophysicists have been contemplating whether or not intelligence is convergent for decades (part of the reason SETI exists). I believe we do observe that intelligence is convergent in small glimpses from time to time in a few species here on earth. It is a very fascinating topic.
幾十年來，天體物理學(xué)家一直在思考智慧是否會趨同。
我相信我們確實觀察到，智慧在地球上的一些物種中偶爾會有微小的趨同。
這是一個非常吸引人的話題。
As far as we can tell, he laws of nature are the same everywhere in the universe. I agree that intelligence must be somewhat convergent. We all have to understand the same universe and use the same laws to deal with the universe.
就我們所知，自然界的法則在宇宙的任何地方都是一樣的。
我同意智力一定是趨同的。我們都必須理解相同的宇宙，使用相同的定律來處理宇宙。
Octopuses also are skilled escape artists, as you likely know. I used to take my young son to see one in the D.C. National Zoo. When he was gone from his tank, I asked. He had slung an arm up and grabbed an overhead pipe, pulled himself out of the tank. But, like many escapees, he landed badly, on a floor with no water. He was replaced weeks later. I cannot recall if his body was outlined like a crime scene. They are extraordinary.
你可能知道，章魚也是熟練的逃跑高手。我以前常帶我的小兒子去華盛頓國家動物園看章魚。
那一次，他從水箱里跑了出來。他吊起一只胳膊，抓住頭頂上的一根管子，把自己拉出了水箱。但是，像許多逃跑者一樣，他摔得很慘，落在了沒有水的地板上。
幾周后，他被替換掉了。我不記得他的尸體是不是像犯罪現(xiàn)場一樣，但他們是非凡的。
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Great stuff. Don't know if you have read “Other Minds” by Peter Godfrey Smith, which explores octopus intelligence? There are many stories like that in there.
很棒的故事。
不知道你是否讀過彼得·戈弗雷·史密斯(Peter Godfrey Smith)的《其他心靈》(Other Minds)，這本書探索了章魚的智力。
里面有很多這樣的故事。
In an alternative universe octopus might have begun to nurture their young and passed on their learning to succeeding generations.
The thought upsets all the anthropocentric assumptions about culture and the development of intelligence look very shaky.
在另一個宇宙中，章魚可能已經(jīng)開始哺育它們的后代，并將它們的知識傳給下一代。
這個想法顛覆了所有關(guān)于文化和智力發(fā)展的人類中心假設(shè)，看起來非常不可靠。
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It would have to be a unique species of octopus. Octopuses only live for about four years, and die after they spawn. Between these two facts, a true octopus culture is impossible.
它必須是一種獨特的章魚。
章魚的壽命只有四年左右，產(chǎn)卵后就會死亡。有了這兩個事實，真正的章魚文化是不可能的。
Things can change. It is not impossible that some octopus might evolve to live on after spawning and care for their brood.
A true fish culture is “impossible” too but the distant offspring of fish have learned to care for their young and to pass on culture so that they evolved considerable intelligence, technology and civilisation.
That was a far bigger change than what I am suggesting.
事物是可以改變的。
有些章魚可能會進(jìn)化到在產(chǎn)卵后繼續(xù)生存并照顧它們的后代，這并非不可能。
盡管一種真正的魚類文化是“不可能的”，但是魚類的遙遠(yuǎn)后代（興許）已經(jīng)學(xué)會照顧它們的后代，并將文化傳承下去，因此它們進(jìn)化出可觀的智力、技術(shù)和文明。
Hmm. I wish at least one of the cats or dogs I've had would've been like the octopus. Not a single one has ever cleaned up their own mess!
嗯。我希望我養(yǎng)過的貓或狗中至少有一只能像章魚一樣。
沒有一只會收拾自己的爛攤子!
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I have heard a story about an octopus that was given a treat inside a screw-top jar. It took the octopus a couple of hours to figure out how to unscrew the top of the jar and get the treat. In a neighboring tank, there was another octopus that could (and did) watch the first one. When given the chance, it took the second octopus less than a half hour to unscrew the top.
我聽過一個關(guān)于章魚的故事，它在一個旋蓋的罐子里得到了美食。
這只章魚花了好幾個小時才弄明白如何擰開罐子的蓋子，然后得到了美味。
在鄰近的水箱里，有另一只章魚能夠(而且確實)看到第一只章魚（的舉動）。在它也得到了有機(jī)會后，第二只章魚用了不到半小時就擰開了瓶蓋。
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I love to eat octopus, but stories like this make me reconsider.
我喜歡吃章魚，但像這樣的故事讓我重新考慮。
I feel that it’s wrong to eat pigs, because unlike other food mammals they’re above my threshold for “to intelligent to be food”.
The problem is, bacon is really delicious, so I’m not living in accord with my own principles.
我覺得吃豬是不對的，因為豬不像其他食用類哺乳動物，它們超過了我“聰明到不能作為食物”的閾值。
問題是，培根真的很好吃，所以我并沒有按照我自己的原則生活。
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The other element is parenting. Octopuses follow the r strategy, bearing thousands of eggs in one go, and don't give them individual attention raising them. In fact, octopus mothers generally don't eat while their eggs are incubating and die shortly after the eggs hatch.
The lack of active parenting prevents passing down knowledge from generation to generation. With no education, no culture or sustained advancement can happen as it does in humans.
另一個因素是養(yǎng)育。章魚遵循自己的策略，一次產(chǎn)下數(shù)千個卵，在繁育過程中不給它們單獨的關(guān)注。
事實上，章魚媽媽通常在蛋孵化期間不吃東西，在蛋孵化后不久就會死亡。
缺乏積極的養(yǎng)育阻礙了知識的代代相傳。沒有教育，沒有文化，沒有持續(xù)的進(jìn)步，就不會像人類一樣。