除了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時期，為什么德國和奧地利從未形成一個國家？是因為阿爾卑斯山成為了它們之間的天然屏障嗎？
Aside from the period of World War II, why did Germany and Austria never form a single country? Were the Alps a natural barrier to this?
譯文簡介
實際上有過許多關于建立奧-德統(tǒng)一國家的建議，統(tǒng)稱為"大德意志"（更大的德國）。
正文翻譯
Aside from the period of World War II, why did Germany and Austria never form a single country? Were the Alps a natural barrier to this?
除了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時期，為什么德國和奧地利從未形成一個國家？是因為阿爾卑斯山成為了它們之間的天然屏障嗎？
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There were actually many proposals for an Austro-German state, collectively known as 'Gro?deutschland’ (bigger Germany). The Austrian Empire actually favoured this proposal as it would have been the dominant force in this new state. However, there are many reasons why it never happened.
Religion. Many Germans in the north weren't too keen on the idea of being under the hegemony of Catholic Austria. Especially considering how Austria had treated the Hungarian protestants, it made sense why they were suspicious of an Austrian Catholic overlord.
Prussia. As you could probably guess, Prussia was in favour of the non-Austrian German solution (Kleindeutschland) as it would be the natural dominant force. Considering the fact that it was Protestant, Prussia was seen more favourably by the northern German states.
Non-Germans. Only ~20% of the population of the Austrian Empire was actually German, the rest were many other ethnicities, including Hungarians, Italians, Czechs, Romanians, etc. It would've been very hard to incorporate all of these groups into a country which was based around an identity they don't belong to. The only solution to this would've been to abandon these territories, which Austria obviously never would've been okay with.
好問題。
實際上有過許多關于建立奧-德統(tǒng)一國家的建議，統(tǒng)稱為"大德意志"（更大的德國）。奧地利帝國實際上傾向于統(tǒng)一這些提議，因為它將成為這個新國家的主導力量。然而，有許多原因?qū)е滤鼜奈凑嬲l(fā)生。
1.宗教信仰。北方的許多德國人對處于天主教奧地利的霸權之下的想法并不熱衷。特別是考慮到奧地利是如何對待匈牙利新教徒的，他們對奧地利的天主教霸主產(chǎn)生懷疑是有道理的。
2.普魯士。正如你可能猜到的那樣，普魯士贊成成立一個排除奧地利的德國的解決方案（Kleindeutschland），因為它將自然成為主導力量?？紤]到它是新教徒，北方的德意志各邦看普魯士也更順眼。
3.非德國人。 奧地利帝國的人口中只有20%是真正的德國人，其余的是許多其他民族，包括匈牙利人、意大利人、捷克人、羅馬尼亞人等等。要把所有這些群體納入一個以他們不屬于的身份為基礎的國家，是非常困難的。唯一的解決辦法就是放棄這些領土，而奧地利顯然不會同意這樣做。
The war between Austria and Prussia. When Austria and Prussia went to war, all efforts to include Austria in a German unx died because:
They had just gone to war.
The relationship between the northern German states and the southern German states had been strained (southern Germany is very Catholic).
Austria embraced a more pluralistic model, becoming Austria-Hungary. The newfound power of the Hungarians would've been enough to veto any kind of attempts to join Bismarck's German state.
Austria was very unstable due to rising nationalism in its lands inhabited by non-German speaking minorities. The North German confederation did not want to deal with that kind of trouble.
Those are the main reasons. Austria was never going to join a united Germany for one simple reason: it was Catholic and would've always naturally become the dominant force in the country.
4.奧地利的實力。 奧地利是一個非常強大的國家，是歐洲的一個大國，因此，它沒有理由不成為德國聯(lián)盟中的主導國家。考慮到哈布斯堡家族幾個世紀以來一直是神圣羅馬帝國的皇帝，這是有道理的。與奧地利相比，普魯士在這一點上確實不是什么大問題。
5.奧地利和普魯士之間的戰(zhàn)爭。當奧地利和普魯士開戰(zhàn)時，所有將奧地利納入德國聯(lián)盟的努力都夭折了，因為：
a.他們剛開了戰(zhàn)。
b.北德各州和南德各州之間的關系一直很緊張（南德的天主教徒很多）。
c.奧地利接受了一個更加多元的模式，成為奧匈帝國。匈牙利人新獲得的權力足以否決任何形式的加入俾斯麥的德意志國家的企圖。
d.由于在非德語少數(shù)民族居住的土地上民族主義抬頭，奧地利非常不穩(wěn)定。北德意志邦聯(lián)不想處理這種麻煩。
這些都是主要原因。奧地利永遠不會加入一個統(tǒng)一的德國，原因很簡單：它是天主教徒，總是會自然而然地成為該國的主導力量。
Given all this, I'm still quite unsure why Bavaria is part of Germany and not Austria, or even independent. They don't like the rest of us Germans nor do we like them much. They are catholics, while upper Germans are either protestants or atheists, generally speaking. They do have more autonomy along with their own local party CSU working very closely with the larger federal CDU.
鑒于所有這一切，我仍然很不確定為什么巴伐利亞是德國的一部分，而不是奧地利的一部分，甚至是獨立的。他們不喜歡我們其他德國人，我們也不太喜歡他們。他們是天主教徒，而上層德國人則是新教徒或無神論者，總的來說。他們確實也有著更多的自治權，同時他們自己的地方黨CSU與更大的聯(lián)邦CDU合作非常密切。
I agree. It's quite strange how Bavaria became part of Germany, considering how they really didn't have that much in common with the north and rarely sided with them historically. I think it's mostly because of the fact that they felt threatened by the French and Austrians, and so saw the Prussian-dominated north Germany as a better protector. Additionally, considering the extensive autonomy that Prussia offered Bavaria, and the lack of autonomy that Austria granted its subjects, I think it would make sense why Bavaria decided to join the Prussian-dominated north Germany.
我同意。巴伐利亞如何成為了德國的一部分，這相當奇怪，考慮到他們與北方真的沒有那么多共同點，并且在歷史上很少與北方站在一起。我認為這主要是因為他們感到受到了法國人和奧地利人的威脅，所以將普魯士主導的北德視為更好的保護者。此外，考慮到普魯士為巴伐利亞提供了廣泛的自治權，而奧地利給予其臣民的自治權不足，我認為巴伐利亞決定加入普魯士主導的北德也是合理的。
Good answer. I would also point out important fact - Austria as a really “nation” did not formed really until break up of the monarchy. What we perceive nowadays as a nation states was not a concept originally upon which Austrian monarchy has been built primarily. Austrian monarchy as well as pre-unified German states were more like a confederations of feudal lands in some sense.
回答得好。我還想指出一個重要的事實--奧地利作為一個真正的"國家"是在君主制解體后才真正形成的。我們今天所看到的民族國家奧地利并不是奧地利君主制最初建立時的概念。奧地利君主制和統(tǒng)一前的德意志國家在某種意義上更像是一個封建土地所有者的聯(lián)盟。
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Good answer. Although I think point 3 is one of the most important. I recently listened to a podcast interview with a German historian about the 2nd Reich. She said one of the biggest factors holding back Austria from being the leader of a unified German state was that it was, due to the nature of its empire, Eastern and Southern looking with many other competing interests due to the many different ethnicities in the Empire.
很好的答案。雖然我認為第3點是最重要的一點。我最近聽了一個關于第二帝國的德國歷史學家的播客訪談。她說，阻礙奧地利成為統(tǒng)一的德意志國家領導人的最大因素之一是，由于其帝國的性質(zhì)，它在其東部和南部有著許多其他競爭性利益糾葛，因為帝國有許多不同的種族。
Very true. A factor which many forget is that Austria wasn't really that German, only around 20% of the population actually lived in Austria and only around 25–30% of the population spoke German as their mother tongue.
非常正確。許多人忘記了一個因素，那就是奧地利并不是真正意義上的德國人的國家，只有大約20%的德國人口真正生活在奧地利，只有大約25-30%的人口將德語作為他們的母語。
“I speak Spanish to God, Italian to Women, French to Men, and German to my Horse.” Charles V, HRE
The Habsburgs looked down on the German states.
"我對上帝說西班牙語，對女人說意大利語，對男人說法語，對我的馬說德語。" 查理五世，神圣羅馬帝國皇帝
哈布斯堡王朝根本看不起德意志各州。
Great answer.
All arguments are OK, they all make sense for the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. But since it broke down after World War I, giving birth to many nations (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania), Austria became a pretty small republic, and fully “Germanian”, ethnically speaking. That’s the point in time where an integration into a Grossdeutschland state would have made sense, and it still did not happen. Am I right to assume that other European powers (UK, France, Russia) did not allow this to happen, out of fear for a too powerful Germany?
很棒的答案。
所有的論點都沒問題，它們對奧匈帝國來說都是說得通的。但是，由于它在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后解體，誕生了許多國家（捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、南斯拉夫、羅馬尼亞），奧地利成為了一個相當小的共和國，而且從種族上講，已經(jīng)完全是"德意志"的了。在這個時間點上，將其整合進一個大德國里是有道理的，但這仍然沒有發(fā)生。我認為其他歐洲大國（英國、法國、俄羅斯）不允許這種情況發(fā)生，是出于對太過強大的德國的擔心，這樣說對嗎？
Well it did happen with the Anschluss in 1938. As you noted with the break up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria on its own was left open to incorporation into Germany and at the time the major western powers accepted it as the unification of German speaking people. Of course following the events of WW2, the unification of Germany and Austria is seen in a less favorable light. The Allies made sure to separate out Austria again post WW2 and Austria Austria was bound to neutrality by the 1955 Austrian State Treaty and its constitution. And today the prospect of unifying Germany and Austria is probably not a popular proposition amongst Austrians.
1938年"德奧合并"確實發(fā)生了。正如你所注意到的，隨著奧匈帝國的解體，奧地利本身就可以并入德國，當時西方大國接受了這一觀點，認為這是講德語的人的統(tǒng)一。當然在二戰(zhàn)事件發(fā)生后，人們對德奧統(tǒng)一的看法就不那么樂觀了。盟軍確保在二戰(zhàn)后再次將奧地利分離出來，而奧地利受1955年《奧地利國家條約》及其憲法的約束而處于中立狀態(tài)。而今天，統(tǒng)一德國和奧地利的前景在奧地利人中可能不是一個受歡迎的提議。
Sure, it happened under the Nazi regime, but the whole thing was doomed and it would have hardly come to a happy end. I was talking about the end of World War I and the Weimar Republic. That was the point in time when unifying the German-speaking countries would have made sense, and I wonder why it did not happen.
當然，這是在納粹政權下發(fā)生的，所以它注定要悲劇，很難有一個快樂的結(jié)局。我說的是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束和魏瑪共和國時期。那是統(tǒng)一德語國家的很好的時間點，本來是應該發(fā)生的，我想知道為什么沒有發(fā)生。
As you posit above, there was absolutely a concerted effort on the part of the USA, Britain, and especially France to de-fang Germany with the settlement in the Versailles treaty.
Poland and Czechoslovakia were (re)created as new states from lands held by Prussia/Germany and Austria-Hungary respectively. The former had been variously contested between Prussia and Russia - and would be between Germany and the USSR later - the latter included a large German minority. It’s hardly surprising that they did not take the opportunity to consolidate what was left of Germany with the rump Austrian state.
What’s interesting to me is that, at the time, there was no apparent desire to constitute Germany as a bulwark against the (then nascent) USSR. Something which would be a factor both in international tolerance of the Nazi regime and it’s policies, and in the strong post-War allied occupation and support for West Germany.
正如你在上面提出的，美國、英國，特別是法國完全一致地努力通過凡爾賽條約來消除德國的影響。
波蘭和捷克斯洛伐克分別從普魯士/德國和奧匈帝國的土地上（重新）建立了新的國家。前者曾在普魯士和俄國之間發(fā)生過不同程度的爭奪--以后也會在德國和蘇聯(lián)之間發(fā)生爭奪--后者則包括一個龐大的德國少數(shù)民族。所以他們沒有利用這個機會將德國剩下的部分與殘缺的奧地利國家合并起來，這并不令人驚訝。
對我來說，有趣的是，當時并沒有明顯的愿望將德國作為對抗（當時新生的）蘇聯(lián)的堡壘。而這將是未來國際社會容忍納粹政權及其政策的一個因素，也是戰(zhàn)后盟國對西德的強硬占領和大力支持的一個因素。
In fact the way Germany shrunk after the two world wars was amazing. It is understandable after the horrors of the war and the Nazi regime, but it does not make it any fairer to the German people. Millions were expelled in an ethnic cleansing that would have been unacceptable in most circumstances. Between them my grandma, who was born in Breslau, the capital city of a German Silesia that is now well deep in Poland as Wroclaw. Same as Pomerania, Prussia/K?nigsberg, Alsace and other territories. History has never meant to be fair, has it?
事實上，兩次世界大戰(zhàn)后德國萎縮成這樣令人吃驚。在經(jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)爭和納粹政權的恐怖之后，這是可以理解的，但這并不意味著對德國人民來說更公平。數(shù)百萬人在種族清洗中被驅(qū)逐，這在大多數(shù)情況下都是不可接受的。其中有我的祖母，她出生在布雷斯勞，那是當時德國西里西亞的首府，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為波蘭的弗羅茨瓦夫。與波美拉尼亞、普魯士/柯尼斯堡、阿爾薩斯和其他領土一樣。歷史從來就不意味著是公平的，不是嗎？
I think we get onto a very slippery slope once we start talking about fairness. Many Germans paid high prices for the follies of their governments in the early twentieth century. But then those governments were (in part at least) democratically elected, and committed terrible crimes - including against some of those same people of course. Many peoples of other European countries never paid much of a price for the crimes committed in their names, in large part this was because they were not committed against their neighbours.
By contrast, the success of the Bundesrepublic has been considerable and is, given the history of Germany, quite remarkable in its own right. Admittedly that owes a certain amount to having had it’s security guaranteed by NATO, but the fact that Germany is one of the most peaceful, stable, wealthy and democratic countries on the planet is extraordinary. The relative equilibrium where Germany is the first among equals in a relatively (compared to its own history at basically any other time post-Rome) united Europe and on friendly terms with all of its neighbours -including those that incorporate territories that have been part of Germany in the past - really would be amazing to basically anybody from any point in history before the late-1990s.
我認為，一旦我們開始談論公平問題，我們要討論的東西就會急轉(zhuǎn)直下。許多德國人在20世紀初為其政府的愚蠢行為付出了高昂的代價。但是，這些政府（至少部分）是民主選舉產(chǎn)生的，并且犯下了可怕的罪行--當然也包括針對其中一些人的罪行。其他歐洲國家的許多人民從未為以他們的名義犯下的罪行付出多少代價，這在很大程度上是因為這些罪行不是針對他們的鄰國犯下的。
相比之下，聯(lián)邦共和國的成功是相當大的，考慮到德國的歷史，它本身就相當了不起。誠然，這在一定程度上歸功于北約對其安全的保障，但德國是地球上最和平、最穩(wěn)定、最富有和最民主的國家之一，這一點是非常了不起的。在一個相對（與它自己的歷史相比，在羅馬之后的任何其他時間）統(tǒng)一的歐洲，德國是平等中的第一人，并與所有鄰國保持友好關系--包括那些過去曾是德國一部分的領土的鄰國--這種相對平衡對于1990年代末之前歷史上的任何一個人來說，真的會令其感到驚訝。
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from 1707 to 1837 the King of Hanover, one of the larger German entities, was also King of England, which would not have wanted a larger Germany
從1707年到1837年，漢諾威的國王--德國境內(nèi)最大的諸侯之一，同時也是英格蘭的國王，他們不想要一個更大的德國
SO, what religion was Austria predominantly and why did that cause issues with the German Catholics?
那么，奧地利主要是什么宗教，為什么對德國天主教徒來說會是個問題呢？
Austris was primarily Roman Catholic, it caused problems for the majority of German Protestants.
奧地利人主要是羅馬天主教徒，這對大多數(shù)德國新教徒來說是個問題。
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Why didn’t Austria tried to annex southern German states, especially Bavaria?
為什么奧地利沒有試圖吞并德國南部的各州，特別是巴伐利亞州？
Wurtemburg and Bavaria were independant kingdoms and the driving force in the Southern Confederation. They had no problem with allying with Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, but certainly didn't want to be ruled by them. The Southern Confederation aligned itself with the Reich , more for a pan-Germanic identity. They still maintained sovereignty even within the Reich
烏滕堡和巴伐利亞在當時是獨立的王國，也是“南方聯(lián)邦”的推動力。他們對在普奧戰(zhàn)爭中與奧地利結(jié)盟沒有問題，但肯定不希望被他們統(tǒng)治。南方聯(lián)邦與帝國結(jié)盟，更多的是為了一個泛日耳曼的身份。即使在帝國內(nèi)部，他們?nèi)匀槐３种鳈唷?/b>
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Watson writes on the one hand that Austria was very powerful and in the same breath, he writes that it was very unstable!!! can you please explain this contradiction?
答主寫道，奧地利非常強大，同時，他又寫道奧地利非常不穩(wěn)定?。?！你能解釋一下這個矛盾嗎？
I was mostly referencing its military strength, economy and size. Austria had a very strong military, quite a powerful economy and it was massive, thus I classed it as being very powerful. It was however consistently in crisis and often found itself struggling with nationalists.
我主要是指其軍事力量、經(jīng)濟和規(guī)模。奧地利有一支非常強大的軍隊，有相當強大的經(jīng)濟，而且規(guī)模龐大，因此我把它歸類為非常強大。然而，它一直處于危機之中，并經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在與民族主義者作斗爭。
My wife got me to watch “Elizabeth” with English subtitles and she was so impressed she ordered the import DVD. That got us to go down the rabbit hole of 19th century Habsburg history.
Empires can really only hold together by force. Europe was exhausted after the Napoleonic wars and central Europe struggled with nationalist demands while western europe struggled with socialist demands.
But though she was flaky, I really don't think she started the downfall of the Habsburgs or of the Empire. Empires just can't survive in the modern world.
我的妻子讓我看了有英文字幕的《伊麗莎白》，她印象非常深刻，于是訂購了進口DVD。這讓我們沉迷于19世紀哈布斯堡的歷史。
帝國真的只能靠武力來維持。拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭后，歐洲疲憊不堪，中歐在民族主義崛起下掙扎，而西歐則在社會主義崛起下掙扎。
但是，盡管她很輕浮，我真的不認為是她開始了哈布斯堡家族或帝國的衰落。帝國在現(xiàn)代世界中是無法生存的。
In the map provided, what does the red border represent? It can’t be “German” areas as it excludes (for example) East Prussia and includes (for example) Bohemia and Moravia.
在你提供的地圖中，紅色邊界代表什么？它不可能是"德國"地區(qū)，因為它不包括（例如）東普魯士，卻包括（例如）波西米亞和摩拉維亞。
The red lines represent the borders of the German Confederation, which was an association of German(ish) states dedicated to protecting German sovereignty. It was de facto ruled by Austria as the guy in charge was also the emperor of Austria.
As for why Bohemia and Moravia were part of this confederation, it's because Austria owned it and the German states wanted Austria to be a strong power in the confederation.
紅線代表德意志聯(lián)邦的邊界，它是一個致力于保護德國主權的德意志（人）國家聯(lián)盟。它事實上是由奧地利統(tǒng)治的，因為負責人也是奧地利的皇帝。
至于為什么波希米亞和摩拉維亞是這個聯(lián)邦的一部分，那是因為奧地利擁有它，而德意志各州希望奧地利成為聯(lián)邦中的一個主導強國。
Good explanation. I would add names to this - the Hohenzollerns (of Prussia & Swabia) vs. the Hapsburg dynasty in the south (Austria). That , with religion, differences inthe north-south cultures, and even separate dialects, produced a natural schism between them.
Only one house would control the entire “Germanic” region, if united. But the Prussians were much more stern and war-like; the Austrians, next to France, much more cultured.
很好的解釋。我還要加上一些名字--霍亨索倫家族（普魯士&斯瓦比亞）與南方的哈布斯堡王朝（奧地利）。這一點，加上宗教、南北文化的差異，甚至不同的方言，在他們之間產(chǎn)生了自然的分裂。
如果聯(lián)合起來，只有一個家族可以控制整個"日耳曼"地區(qū)。但普魯士人更嚴厲，更好戰(zhàn)；奧地利人在法國旁邊，更有文化。
Perhaps militaristic fits better than warlike. It would be quite silly to make the claim that the French or Austrian empires weren't just as warlike as Prussia. Without wars there are no empires.
Though I fully agree that the dynasty names should be added for a full picture!
也許軍國主義比好戰(zhàn)更適合。但如果你說法國或奧地利帝國不像普魯士一樣好戰(zhàn)，那就太傻了。沒有戰(zhàn)爭哪來的帝國。
雖然我完全同意應該增加王朝的名稱，以了解全貌。
Very simple.
Austria was a very refined and sophisticated nation. Vienna was the cultural center of Europe where Mozart and even Beethoven (German) studied and composed. The political and government structure was well managed.
The Germans were still attempting to refine their culture and society from the elements of the early Germanic tribes --- ruthless, warlike and unsophisticated. They showed their ruthless nature in the massive killing and murdering of many innocent civilians in World War II after they stole all their personal properties with the allowance and blessings of their leaders.
Why would Austria want to be associated with such a society?
Only forced to when a inbred warlike country Germany finally invades them with the back stabbing assistance from the Brits in 1937.
非常簡單。
奧地利是一個非常高雅和成熟的國家。維也納是歐洲的文化中心，莫扎特甚至貝多芬（德國人）在這里學習和創(chuàng)作。政治和政府結(jié)構管理良好。
日耳曼人仍然試圖從早期日耳曼部落的元素中提煉出他們的文化和社會--無情、好戰(zhàn)和不成熟。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，他們在其領導人的允許和祝福下竊取了許多無辜平民的所有個人財產(chǎn)后，在大規(guī)模的殺戮和謀殺中顯示了他們無情的本質(zhì)。
奧地利為什么要與這樣的社會發(fā)生聯(lián)系？
只是在1937年一個近親繁殖的好戰(zhàn)國家德國在英國人的背后的協(xié)助下最終入侵時他們（奧地利）才被迫合并。
The Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austria-Hungary covered a great many square kilometres & the populations in those square kilometres were not Germanic. If you had looked in the Viennese ‘phonebook then, you would have seen that only about a quarter to a third of the population had Germanic names.
If you had looked in the Berlin ‘phonebook, you would have seen that the names were almost all Germanic.
So altho’ German politicians might have wanted to form a “Greater Germany”, Austria-Hungary was not interested in being a Greater Germanic state, as they were not that Germanic.
Note that Anschluss in 1938 was the takeover of a much reduced Germanic Austria, the Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Moravians, Romanians, Serbs, Bulgarians, Bosnians, Croats, Slovenes etc all having gone off into their own post-Versailles countries.
Nothing to do with the Alps at all.
奧匈帝國。奧匈帝國的國土面積很大，而這些國土內(nèi)的人口不都是日耳曼人。如果你看過維也納的"電話簿"，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)只有大約四分之一到三分之一的人口有日耳曼語的名字。
如果你看一下柏林的"電話簿"，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些名字幾乎都是日耳曼語。
因此，盡管德國的政治家們可能希望形成一個"大德意志"，但奧匈帝國對成為一個大日耳曼國家并不感興趣，因為他們并不是那么地“日耳曼人”。
請注意，1938年的 "德奧合并"（Anschluss）是對規(guī)模已經(jīng)大大縮小的日耳曼人的奧地利的接管，匈牙利人、捷克人、斯洛伐克人、摩拉維亞人、羅馬尼亞人、塞爾維亞人、保加利亞人、波斯尼亞人、克羅地亞人、斯洛文尼亞人等都在戰(zhàn)后建立了各自的國家。
這跟阿爾卑斯山完全沒有關系。
, lives in Germany
Germany did not exist before 1871. It was formed during the Franco-Prussian War. It was formed from several independent countries that decided to form a new Empire based on common ties from the previous Holy Roman Empire and a common (enough) culture.
The newly formed Empire was dominated by Prussia.
Austria, or rather Austria-Hungary at that time, was already an established independent power that had no interest in becoming dependent on Prussia.
After WWII there has never really been a large interest in uniting the countries except as (nominal) equals in a larger unx. But also, you can be sure that any such talk would be quickly shut down because of the signal this could potentially send to other nations.
德國在1871年之前并不存在。它是在普法戰(zhàn)爭期間形成的。它是由幾個獨立的國家組成的，這些國家決定在以前神圣羅馬帝國的共同紐帶和共同（足夠）文化的基礎上形成一個新帝國。
新成立的帝國由普魯士主導。
奧地利，或者說當時的奧匈帝國，已經(jīng)是一個成熟的獨立國家，對成為普魯士的附屬國沒有興趣。
二戰(zhàn)后，更是除了在一個更大的聯(lián)盟中作為（名義上）平等的政府相處，從來沒有過真正對統(tǒng)一所有這些日耳曼國家產(chǎn)生過很大的興趣。但是，你也可以肯定，任何這樣的談話都會被迅速噤聲，因為這有可能向其他國家發(fā)出某種信號。