100%的識字率是一件好事嗎(上)

Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia, Wikia, WikiTribune
I believe this question exhibits a very strong cultural bias. I would imagine that the author of the question is from India, where a great many people without literacy are employed in difficult conditions.
There are places like Norway (strong oil industry), Korea (strong automotive and electronics industry) with laborers who are 100% literate. In the United States, the literacy rate is 99% and those 1% who are not literate are not likely to find work in the heavy industries that you cite.
Basic literacy means that laborers can train on advanced machinery and become more productive. Speaking broadly, across many sectors, the work of a literate person who has trained on advanced machinery is many times more productive than that of a base laborer who can't read.
So your premise is incorrect. The most productive societies, even in heavy industries, are the societies with the highest literacy rates.

我相信這個問題表現(xiàn)出很強的文化偏見。我可以想象，這個問題的作者來自印度，那里有很多人沒有文化且工作條件很艱苦。
挪威（強大的石油工業(yè)）、韓國（強大的汽車和電子工業(yè)）等地的勞動力都是100%識字的。在美國，識字率為99%，那些1%不識字的人不太可能在你提到的重工業(yè)領(lǐng)域找到工作。
基本識字能力意味著勞動者可以接受涉及有關(guān)先進(jìn)的機器方面的培訓(xùn)，提高生產(chǎn)率。從廣義上講，在許多行業(yè)，受過先進(jìn)機械培訓(xùn)的有文化的人的工作效率是不會閱讀的基礎(chǔ)勞工的數(shù)倍。
所以你的前提是錯誤的。生產(chǎn)率最高的社會即使在重工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，社會中識字率也是最高的。

William Pietri, Maker, starter, writer.

威廉·皮特里，創(chuàng)造者、發(fā)起者、作家。

Plotting to keep some people dumb in hopes that then they'll be happy doing jobs that their supposed betters would rather not do is abhorrent.
Economically, the limit on a country's wealth is the sum of how productive each individual can be. Educated workers are more productive, even for supposedly dumb work. Recognizing and using the brainpower of manual laborers is what allowed Toyota to become the world's largest car-maker despite the dominance of American car-makers and the wartime decimation of Japan.
Politically, a democracy depends on an educated citizenry. Keeping a large segment of the people unlettered means that a country's politics will always be less effective than it otherwise could be.
Morally, it's the responsibility of a government to look out for all its citizens, and a community to look out for its members. To condemn a child to a life of ignorance because someone literate has decided they aren't good enough to learn anything is shockingly callous. It is condemning a perfectly capable human being to being something akin to a slave or a farm animal. Nobody deserves that.

陰謀讓一些人保持沉默，希望他們能快樂地做那些識字能力強的人不愿做的工作，這是令人憎惡的。
經(jīng)濟上，一個國家財富的極限是每個人的生產(chǎn)力總和。受過教育的工人即使是從事被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的工作，生產(chǎn)率更高。盡管當(dāng)時美國汽車制造商占主導(dǎo)地位，日本在戰(zhàn)時慘遭蹂躪，不過認(rèn)識并利用體力勞動者的聰明才智促使豐田成為世界上最大的汽車制造商。
政治上，民主取決于受過教育的公民。讓很大一部分人不識字，意味著一個國家的政治將永遠(yuǎn)不如它本可以達(dá)到的效果。
從道德上講，政府有責(zé)任照顧所有公民，社區(qū)有責(zé)任照顧其成員。因為某個有文化的人認(rèn)為他們沒有足夠的能力去學(xué)習(xí)任何東西從而讓一個孩子過著無知的生活，這是令人震驚的冷酷無情。它譴責(zé)一個完全有能力的人成為一個類似奴隸或農(nóng)場動物的東西。沒有人值得被如此對待。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Balaji Viswanathan, CEO at Invento (2016-present)

巴拉吉·維斯瓦納坦，Invento首席執(zhí)行官（2016年至今）

Absolutely, with no strings attached.
Education and literacy are not the same thing. The former usually means possessing some kind of a tertiary degree (such as an undergrad or professional qualification). Literacy usually means the person knows enough to read and write and usually has attended a secondary school (in India the requirements are much diluted though).
As Jimmy Wales mentioned in his answer, many literate societies possess a real manufacturing prowess. An illiterate person is not very suitable for a factory floor or many other blue-collar jobs.
Given that you are implying India (the only major society without 100% literacy), our manufacturing should shift to a more efficient process. Currently it is terribly manual and backbreaking. Our labor productivity and worker standards are super-low. To move up in manufacturing value, we need more qualified workers.

絕對沒有附帶任何條件。
教育和識字不是一回事。前者通常意味著擁有某種高等學(xué)位（如本科或職業(yè)資格證書）。識字能力通常意味著一個人有足夠的讀寫能力，并且通常上過中學(xué)（不過在印度，要求要低得多）。
正如吉米·威爾斯（Jimmy Wales,）在回答中提到的那樣，許多公民受過教育的社會擁有真正的制造業(yè)實力。文盲不太適合做工廠或其他藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作。
鑒于你暗示的是印度（唯一沒有100%識字率的主要社會），我們的制造業(yè)應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)向更高效的過程。目前，它是非常消耗體力和雷人的性質(zhì)。我們的勞動生產(chǎn)率和工人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都非常低。為了提高制造價值，我們需要更多的合格工人。

Eivind, lives in Stavanger, Norway (2006-present)

艾文德，居住在挪威斯塔萬格（2006年至今）

Yes of course ! And this question is weird. It makes a large number of assumptions that are all entirely incorrect. Here's a few:
It assumes that knowing how to read and write is only useful for work, and that people who don't need to read in their work thus have no use for it. In reality, being able to read and write is essential to be a full participant in society in a million and one ways ranging from filing your taxes to having fun online.
It assumes that there's no benefits from literacy if you're doing manual labour. This is incorrect. Being able to read a work-descxtion, file a traveling-bill, order materials needed or read the service-manual are just tiny examples.
Furthermore literacy is a really low bar. Average 10-year-olds learns to read on a basic level with perhaps 50 to 100 hours worth of instruction. Not only do blue-collar workers benefit enormously from this, but they benefit from MUCH more education than this.
Blue-collar workers where I'm at (Norway) tend to have on the order of a dozen years worth of school, and the clear trend is that more education is needed. Because 2 generations ago working for a company that makes windows meant needing to be able to handle a hammer and a saw, while today it means being able to reprogram a CNC-mill to optimize cutting-speed while reducing the fraction of material wasted.

當(dāng)然可以！這個問題很奇怪。它做出了大量完全不正確的假設(shè)。以下是一些：
它假定知道如何讀和寫只對工作有用，而那些對在工作中不要求會閱讀的人也就沒有用了。事實上，從報稅到網(wǎng)上娛樂，識字能力對于全面參與社會是必不可少的
它假設(shè)，如果你從事體力勞動，識字并沒有任何好處。這是不正確的。能夠閱讀工作描述、提交旅行賬單、訂購所需材料或閱讀使用手冊還只是一個很小的例子。
此外，識字率是一個很低的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。平均10歲的孩子通過50到100個小時的指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)就能懂基本閱讀。藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人不僅從中受益匪淺，而且還受益于得到更多的教育。
我所在的（挪威）藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人一般都要上十幾年的學(xué)，明顯的趨勢是需要更多的教育。因為在兩代人以前在一家制造窗戶的公司工作意味著需要能夠操作錘子和鋸子，而今天意味著能夠重新編程數(shù)控銑床以優(yōu)化切割速度，同時減少材料浪費。

Ben Stern, Educational Technology Specialist

本·斯特恩，教育技術(shù)專家

I think it's important to remember that education and the promotion of literacy has non-economic motives, which are, in my view, more significant. The promotion of literacy is not just useful; it enriches life. Literacy enables access to culture, which is at least as important in a person's life as politics or economics. 100% literacy is desirable accordingly.

我認(rèn)為重要的是要明白教育和提高識字率具有非經(jīng)濟動機，在我看來，這些動機更為重要：提高識字率豐富了生活。識字使人們能夠接觸文化，文化在一個人的生活中至少與政治或經(jīng)濟同等重要。因此，100%的識字率是可取的。

Derek Harkness, Living and working in China since 2006.

Derek Harkness，自2006年起在中國生活和工作。

The question is based on an incorrect concept of economics. You suppose that if everyone is educated, that nobody would want to do low skilled labour as educated people would want white collar work. However it is demonstrably not true. Look at the economy of any developed country where literacy rates are high and you will find people still do the manual labour.
In converse, development of economies has been shown to be directly lixed to the availability of good eduction. It was the introduction of free compulsory education in Europe that kicked of the Enlightenment and brought about the modern age. As such, I would argue that the existence of white collar work is entirely dependant on mass education. Without a educated populace, you would return the country to a undeveloped state with no industry or technology. Everyone would be doing manual labour except a few landlords.
Education is required for more than just work. For example: reading the label on medicine so that your child does not die of a curable disease, taking part in political activities, enjoying life and learning, travel, shopping and so on.
I have very personal experience of what it means to be illiterate as I am illiterate. Now you are wondering how I wrote this? I live in China but cannot read or write Chinese beyond the most basic of words. I know how much I just cannot do because of my inability to read and write Chinese. However, in contrast to your argument, I am not confined to just manual labour in China. I do white collar work.

這個問題基于一個錯誤的經(jīng)濟學(xué)概念。你認(rèn)為，如果每個人都受過教育，沒有人愿意從事低技能勞動，因為受過教育的人想從事白領(lǐng)類工作。然而，這顯然不是事實。看看識字率高的發(fā)達(dá)國家，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?nèi)匀粡氖麦w力勞動。
相反，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展已被證明與良好教育的可獲得性直接相關(guān)。在歐洲正是引入免費義務(wù)教育推動了啟蒙運動，并帶來了現(xiàn)代化。因此，我認(rèn)為白領(lǐng)工作的存在完全依賴于大眾教育。如果民眾沒有受過教育，這個國家會回到一個沒有工業(yè)或技術(shù)能力的不發(fā)達(dá)國家。除了少數(shù)房東外，每個人都在做體力勞動。
教育不僅僅是為了工作。例如：閱讀藥品標(biāo)簽，使你的孩子不會死于可治愈的疾病，參加政治活動，享受生活和學(xué)習(xí)，旅行，購物等。
我是文盲，我有親身經(jīng)驗，我知道這意味著什么?，F(xiàn)在你想知道我是怎么寫的？我住在中國，除了最基本的中文外，我不會讀或?qū)懼形?。我知道有許多事情是我無法做的—因為我不能讀寫中文。然而，與你的論點相反，我并不局限于中國的體力勞動。我就從事白領(lǐng)工作。

Daven Yu, Studying everything from math to the intricacies of gaming

Daven Yu，研究從數(shù)學(xué)到錯綜復(fù)雜的游戲的一切

Is it a good thing if everyone were able to read and write?
Of course it is!
Ali Alshamsi has a fantastic answer discussing the long term economic benefits having a completely literate population can have.
But it’s not just limited to that.
I think the most important benefit we get from having a 100% literacy rate would be that each and every person can contribute and also discover information through written text.
Books and texts are the largest depository of information we have in this world.
When an influential figure comes up with an amazing idea, or a powerful stance on a topic, what do we do? Some people may hear it as he speaks, but then what?
We write it down.
When Plato was thinking about how we think and some other ideas related to philosophy, what did he do?
2,000 years ago, he wrote it down.
When scientists make new discoveries, brainstorm new ideas and uncover marvelous proofs, they . . .
You guessed it! They write it down.
And as time passes, and our unreliable memories fail, and the stories we tell become ever so distorted. . .
We resort to books, whether on a screen or a piece of paper, basking in the knowledge of the generations before us.
And maybe we can also contribute a little. (Thanks for that Quora!)

如果每個人都能識字，這是一件好事嗎？當(dāng)然是！
阿里·阿爾沙姆西（Ali Alshamsi）在討論一個完全識字的人群可以帶來的長期經(jīng)濟利益時給出了一個極好的答案。
但這不僅僅限于此。
我認(rèn)為，我們從100%的識字率中得到的最重要的好處是，每個人都可以通過書面文本貢獻(xiàn)和發(fā)現(xiàn)信息。
書籍和文本是我們在這個世界上擁有的最大的信息寶庫。
當(dāng)一個有影響力的人物提出了一個驚人的想法，或者在一個話題上有了強有力的立場，我們該怎么辦？有些人可能會在他說話時聽到，但那又怎么樣？
我們把它寫下來。
當(dāng)柏拉圖思考我們?nèi)绾嗡伎家约捌渌恍┡c哲學(xué)有關(guān)的觀點時，他做了什么？
2000年前，他把它寫了下來。
當(dāng)科學(xué)家們做出新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，頭腦突然冒出新想法和發(fā)現(xiàn)驚人的證據(jù)，他們?nèi)绾巫觯磕悴聦α?！他們把它寫下來?br /> 隨著時間的流逝，我們不可靠的記憶消失，我們講的故事變得越來越扭曲。
我們求助于書籍，無論是在屏幕上還是在一張紙上，就可以沉浸在前幾代人的知識中。
也許我們也可以貢獻(xiàn)一點。（謝謝你：Quora！）

Sophia Hudson, Cloud Solutions Architect

Sophia Hudson，云解決方案架構(gòu)師

The fact that you asked this question means you're literate. Everybody who has answered it so far has also been literate. An illiterate person could not even participate in a conversation aboutof being literate!
Without being able to read and write, there is no way to understand anything but what you hear directly and thus everything you know would be subservient to the whims of your memory.
Can you imagine a world where you couldn't record information so that you could recall it later, let alone decode what you recorded in the first place?
From this perspective, ask yourself if it's justifiable to have a "target" literacy rate of any less than 100%. Imagine if that one person who was illiterate, because of oppression, was you.

你問這個問題意味著你識字。到目前為止，所有回答這個問題的人都是識字的。一個文盲甚至不能參加關(guān)于識字的對話！
如果沒有讀寫能力，除了你直接聽到的，你就無法理解任何東西，因此你所知道的一切都將服從于你記憶中的突發(fā)奇想。
你能想象一個你無法記錄信息以便以后回憶的世界，更不用說去解讀你最初記錄的信息了。
從這個角度來看，問問你自己，將“目標(biāo)”識字率控制在100%以下是否合理。想象一下：如果那個因為壓迫而目不識丁的人是你。

Gerry U, Dentist, Prof, DPH Consultant, Registrar

Gerry U，牙醫(yī)，教授，DPH顧問，注冊主任

Of course 100% literacy is a good thing. Any country would want 100% of its citizens to be able to read and write if possible.
How do you equate literacy with shortages in labour? All blue collar workers are all illiterate and if they become literate they will suddenly put on a suit and work in an office? Learn to read and you take off the bleu de travail and put on a lab coat.
Skilled and unskilled labourers should be literate to enable them to live productive lives; to nurture and teach their children.
Skilled labourers become skilled because they are literate.
100% literacy is one thing. Intellectual capacity and desire determine where we might end up in life.
You are literate yet your question is not well thought out.
There’s your answer.

當(dāng)然，100%的識字率是一件好事。如果可能的話，任何國家都希望100%的公民都能讀寫。
你如何將識字率與勞動力短缺等同起來？假如所有藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人都是文盲，如果某天他們識字了，他們會突然穿上西裝在辦公室工作；學(xué)會閱讀，你就可以脫下勞工服，穿上實驗服。
技術(shù)工人和非技術(shù)工人應(yīng)該識字，使他們能夠過上生產(chǎn)類生活；培養(yǎng)和教育他們的孩子。
熟練工人之所以成為熟練工人，是因為他們識字。
100%識字是一回事，智力和欲望決定了我們生活的方向。
你有文化，但你的問題還沒有考慮周全。
這是你要的答案。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Ryan P. Long, Aspiring Renaissance Man

Ryan P.Long，有抱負(fù)的文藝復(fù)興人

Are you suggesting that we should deprive some people of basic knowledge so that we can use them to perform low-paying jobs that we ourselves do not want to perform?
In other words, are you asking whether widespread literacy is preferable to slavery?
If so, my answer is yes, literacy is much better than slavery.

你是否建議我們剝奪一些人的基本知識，以便我們可以利用他們從事我們自己不想從事的低薪工作？
換句話說，你是在問，普及識字是否比奴隸制更可取？
如果是這樣，我的答案是肯定的，識字比奴隸制好得多。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Stan Hayward, Film/TV/Book writer www.henryscat.com, www.makemovies.co.uk,
Consider the following
An educated person would prefer a white collar job over a laborious job.
I doubt it. Most people think white collar jobs are boring. There are plenty of educated people running ships, on building sites, exploring jungles, finding oil wells, etc.
Written language is being replaced by Acronyms, texting, emoticons, emogics, grapics, informatics, visual literacy, icons, signs, signals, and communicating with sounds in preference to writing.
The assumption that people who do laborious work are uneducated is belied by the fact that there are thousands of janitors in the USA who have Ph.Ds (check the Quora question on this)
Robots do not need literacy. They will replace those who work hard, and those that think hard. There have already been successful tests of monkeys operating machines just by thinking.
The preferred rate of literacy is zero. Which will be achieved when we can communicate directly with thoughts, postures, and gestures.

考慮以下事項：
受過教育的人更喜歡白領(lǐng)工作，而不是費力的工作。
我對此表示懷疑。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為白領(lǐng)工作很無聊。有很多受過教育的人從事船上、建筑工地、探索叢林、尋找油井類工作。
書面語言正被首字母縮略詞、短信、表情符號、表情符號、圖形、信息學(xué)、視覺讀寫能力、圖標(biāo)、符號、信號以及用聲音而不是書寫所取代。
在美國有成千上萬的看門人擁有博士學(xué)位，這一事實推翻了人們認(rèn)為從事艱苦工作的人沒有受過教育的假設(shè)（請查看關(guān)于這一點的Quora問題）
機器人不需要識字。他們將取代那些努力工作和努力思考的人。已經(jīng)有猴子通過思考操作機器的成功試驗。
首選識字率為零。當(dāng)我們能夠用思想、姿勢和手勢直接交流時，這一點就會實現(xiàn)。

Raghava Sarma, Materials, Energy and Transportation is my expertise.

Raghava Sarma，材料、能源和運輸是我的專長。

Have you not seen any educated person with a blue collar? Please make a visit to a refinery, all working staff there wear blue collar, even engineers get their collars dirty by the end of the day.
If we achieved 100% High school education. Everybody who passed high school will not become Bureaucrat or Doctor, depending upon their interest and market conditions they will plan the rest of the life. But high school education will give abilities to analyze what is good for them and what is bad for them, farmer with high school education can also read literature familirize with new trends in farming, effects of pesticides and fertilizers, whereas illiterate farmer need to depend on government for everything, he don't even know how to claim for insurance. Frankly by educating all of our citizens, government can reduce some burden.
The question is on assumption that most of the blue/ grey collar jobs are for illiterates, which is wrong. basic education and literacy is must for the safety of the personnel and plant in industries like refineries.
Let give you an another prospective, all engineering graduates in India are doing WHITE collar jobs? Most of them yes.
Indian IT industry is service oriented, I know many programs who simply do a job of typewriters, what do you call that job as?
100% literacy rate does not effect industrial production or our manufacturing, in fact it gives lot of advantages for citizens, they will be able to read and upxe themselves, they will rightly choose whom to vote, and many more.

你沒見過受過教育的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人嗎？請參觀一家煉油廠，那里所有的工作人員都是藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人，甚至工程師一天下來也會把他們的衣領(lǐng)弄臟
假設(shè)我們實現(xiàn)了100%的高中教育。不可能每個通過高中教育的人都會選擇做官或醫(yī)生，這取決于他們的興趣和市場條件，他們將計劃余生。但是高中教育將使他們有能力分析什么對他們有利，什么對他們不利。受過高中教育的農(nóng)民也可以閱讀文學(xué)作品，了解農(nóng)業(yè)的新趨勢、農(nóng)藥和化肥的影響，而文盲農(nóng)民則需要一切依靠政府，他甚至不知道如何申請保險。坦率地說，通過教育我們所有的公民，政府可以減輕一些負(fù)擔(dān)。
問題在于假設(shè)大多數(shù)藍(lán)領(lǐng)/灰領(lǐng)工作是為文盲提供的，這是錯誤的?；A(chǔ)教育和知識對于煉油廠等行業(yè)的人員和工廠的安全至關(guān)重要。
讓我給你另一個預(yù)期，印度所有工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生都在做白領(lǐng)工作?大部分都是
印度IT行業(yè)是以服務(wù)為導(dǎo)向的，我知道很多程序只是做打字機的工作，你把那工作叫做什么？
100%的識字率不會影響工業(yè)生產(chǎn)或我們的制造業(yè)，事實上，這給公民帶來了很多好處，他們將能夠閱讀和提升自己，他們將正確地選擇投票人，等等。

Anna Butler
It seems an educated person would prefer a white collar job over a laborious job,
Not necessarily so. I have a brother with an IQ of 137 (who won dux at his school on several occasions) who has chosen to be a builder. He loves working outdoors and having something tangible to show for his efforts at the end of the day. The idea of working at a white-collar desk job is abhorrent to him - regardless of his education, literacy skills or IQ.
My father is much the same... highly intelligent and capable, but he's always preferred manual labour (mainly farming and mining) to white-collar work. I think he gets immense satisfaction from doing what he would call "an honest day's work".
I'm sure they're not the only literate, educated, intelligent people that would not prefer a white-collar job.

一個受過教育的人似乎更喜歡白領(lǐng)工作而不是辛苦的工作；
不一定如此。我有一個智商為137的兄弟（他在學(xué)校多次獲得最佳學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)兵稱號），他選擇成為一名建筑工人。他喜歡在戶外工作，在一天結(jié)束時展示一些有形的東西來證明自己努力工作。無論他的教育程度、識字能力或智商如何，從事白領(lǐng)工作的想法對他來說都是不愉快的。
我的父親也是同樣如此。他聰明能干，但與白領(lǐng)工作相比，他更喜歡體力勞動（主要是農(nóng)業(yè)和采礦業(yè)）。我認(rèn)為他從他所謂的“誠實的一天的工作”中獲得了巨大的滿足感。
我相信他們不是唯一一個不喜歡白領(lǐng)工作的有文化、受過教育、聰明的人。

Joe Pepersack, Enterprise Architect specializing in Big Data (2006-present)

Joe Pepersack，專注于大數(shù)據(jù)的企業(yè)架構(gòu)師（2006年至今）

Turn the question around, why would any amount of illiteracy be a positive thing?
Let's say you're a subsistence-level farmer. If you are literate you can:
Read books about how to improve your farming techniques
Read the instructions on fertilizer and pesticides so you can use them safely and effectively
Read the newspaper to get the weather forecast, market reports for the crops you sell, and all sorts of other information that has a direct bearing on your quality of life

把問題轉(zhuǎn)過來，為什么存在一定程度比率的文盲是一件有建設(shè)性的事情？
假設(shè)你是一個自給自足的農(nóng)民。如果你識字，你可以：
閱讀有關(guān)如何改進(jìn)耕作技術(shù)的書籍；
閱讀肥料和殺蟲劑的使用說明，以便安全有效地使用它們；
閱讀報紙以獲得天氣預(yù)報情況、你出售的作物的市場報告以及與你的生活質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)的各種其他信息。

Krishanu Karmakar, Gourmand, Researcher of Fiscal Policy.

庫曼，財政政策研究員

Well, where should I even begin to answer this question? Ok let's see. Which countries have close to 100% literacy? Finland, Luxembourg, Norway, and several other countries have 100% literacy. Several countries in Central Asia have above 99% literacy as well. Now tell me please, in which of these countries did the economy break down because everyone wanted only the white collar jobs? And remember none of these countries are like USA which has supply of labour of different education levels from other countries. Therefore the basic premise of the question is simply wrong. Just plain wrong.
Now, this question also betrays a really sad misunderstanding of what jobs require and what 100% literacy means. First literacy does not mean 'educated' - that is another goal that any democratic government should have. But that is a different story. Just because everyone shall learn to read and write does not mean everyone will be educated and qualified enough for white collar jobs. To achieve that level of qualification will require much more personal effort and investment than just becoming functionally literate so that everyone can perform their regular activities (writing a letter and posting is properly, making calculations, writing a cheque, filling in a form or writing an application, reading a form before signing it) without the help of others.
There are several misunderstanding about a correct education system, the functioning of the economy in the question, but right now I do not have time to address each of them. Some answers written already have addressed them quite well.
The perfect literacy rate is 100% without any condition. period.

那么，我應(yīng)該從哪里開始回答這個問題呢？讓我看看。哪些國家的識字率接近100%？芬蘭、盧森堡、挪威和其他幾個國家的識字率為100%。中亞一些國家的識字率也超過99%?，F(xiàn)在請告訴我，在這些國家中，哪個國家的經(jīng)濟崩潰是因為每個人都只想要白領(lǐng)工作？請記住，這些國家中沒有一個像美國那樣擁有來自其他國家的受不同教育水平的勞動力。因此，這個問題的基本前提是錯誤的，完全錯了。
現(xiàn)在，這個問題也暴露了出對工作需要方面非?？杀恼`解，100%識字意味著什么。首先，識字并不意味著“受過教育”，這是任何民主政府都應(yīng)該實現(xiàn)的另一個目標(biāo)。但這是一個不同的主題。僅僅因為每個人都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)閱讀和寫作，并不意味著每個人都會受到教育，都能勝任白領(lǐng)工作。要達(dá)到這一資格水平，需要更多的個人努力和投資，而不僅僅是會識字，這樣每個人都可以在沒有別人的幫助情況下進(jìn)行日常活動（正確地寫信和發(fā)帖、做計算、寫支票、填寫表格或?qū)懮暾埍?、在簽字前閱讀表格）。
在這個問題上，人們對正確的教育制度和經(jīng)濟運行存在著一些誤解，但現(xiàn)在我沒有時間逐一闡述。一些答復(fù)已經(jīng)很好地解決了這些問題。
在任何時期、任何條件下，完美的情況都是識字率為100%。