QA：吃冷凍食品有什么影響？

Akshay Chopra
Frozen foods have less nutrients than fresh food–as we have already cleared that this is a major myth regarding frozen foods. It was seen that fresh fruits and vegetables usually lose nutrients more rapidly than canned or frozen products. Fresh produce loses vitamins upon refrigerated storage over time, while their frozen counterparts retain these nutrients equally so or better. The concentrations measured in frozen produce generally resembled those observed in the corresponding fresh produce prior to refrigerated storage.
Freezing will kill all the bacteria – yes and no, as certain bacteria may die at a freezing temperature, but not all. Some bacteria can survive freezing temperatures. Freezing to 0degF (-17.8deg C) inactivates any microbes, bacteria, yeasts and moulds present in food, most of them enter a dormant state and stay alive in the frozen food or liquid.
Once thawed, however, these microbes can again become active, multiplying under the right conditions to levels that can lead to foodborne illness. It’s the heating of the food, which will destroy most of them. (Thawing is the process of taking a frozen product from frozen to a temperature (usually above 0degC) where there is no residual ice, i.e. “defrosting”. Thawing is often considered as simply the reversal of the freezing process.)
Frozen foods are processed foods – yes & no. Yes, if the frozen food itself is processed food like frozen pizzas, processed meats, frozen fried foods. But you don’t freeze only processed foods, but extremely healthy fruits and vegetables too. For e.g. frozen peas, carrots, fresh meats, fruits, berries etc. Another way to check the quality of processed foods is by reading the ingredient list behind it. The list should be minimal in terms of preservatives and additives.

冷凍食品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分比新鮮食品少——科學(xué)已經(jīng)解釋過(guò)了，這是關(guān)于冷凍食品的一個(gè)謠言。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，新鮮水果和蔬菜通常比罐裝或冷凍產(chǎn)品更快地失去營(yíng)養(yǎng)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不冷藏的話會(huì)失去部分維生素，而冷凍農(nóng)產(chǎn)品則會(huì)很好地保留這些物質(zhì)，在冷凍農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中測(cè)量到的維生素濃度通常與冷藏前在相應(yīng)的新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中觀察到的濃度相似。
冷凍會(huì)殺死所有細(xì)菌——是的，但也不是，因?yàn)槟承┘?xì)菌可能會(huì)在冷凍溫度下死亡，但這并不是全部。很多細(xì)菌都可以在低溫下存活。冷凍至零華氏度 (約-17.8攝氏度) 食物中仍然存在的一些微生物：細(xì)菌、酵母菌和霉菌會(huì)失活，其中大部分會(huì)進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)并在冷凍食品或液體中存活。一旦解凍，這些微生物就會(huì)再次活躍起來(lái)，在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下繁殖到可能導(dǎo)致食源性疾病的地步。給食物加熱，會(huì)殺死大部分微生物，但是會(huì)使部分微生物從冷凍狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為活躍狀態(tài)，即“解凍”。（解凍通常被認(rèn)為是冷凍過(guò)程的簡(jiǎn)單逆轉(zhuǎn)）。
冷凍食品通常經(jīng)過(guò)加工——大多數(shù)冷凍食品本身是加工食品，如冷凍比薩、加工肉類(lèi)、冷凍油炸食品。但你不能只冷凍加工食品，還可以冷凍一些健康的蔬菜和水果。例如冷凍豌豆、胡蘿卜、新鮮肉類(lèi)、水果、漿果等。你最好還是檢查一些加工食品質(zhì)量，閱讀一下食品背后的成分表，以及是否有防腐劑和添加劑。

Lucas Brown
Frozen food has gained quite a popular status because there is no one who doesn’t enjoy convenience, so we tend to go for frozen food more often that we would like to admit. However, it is important to not make that a habit because over a due course of time, it sure comes with a lot of complications. Once in a while is something, we all understand, however before we made that a lifestyle choice, we need to be aware of what all implications it would have on our health and whether it’s really worth it.
Diabetes: In order to keep the frozen foods fresh starch is used. The starch that is in question here adds taste and texture to the food. Starch is a glucose chain, and our bodies convert this glucose to sugar before it is even digested. The excess sugar increases your risk of diabetes while also causing damage to your body tissues. If it runs in the family, you should try avoiding having frozen foods.Heart Diseases: Another health risk that is associated with frozen or processed food is heart disease. The trans fats that are present in packaged foods increase your risk of contracting heart disease and also contribute to clogged arteries.
Excessive calories: Frozen foods are very high in fat. Fat contains twice the number of calories compared to carbohydrates or protein; this often makes it high in calories. For instance, 1-cup serving of frozen chicken pot pie may contain nearly 600 calories, more than half of which come from fat. Although, frozen foods are marketed to be healthy and nutritious but the fact is they harmful for your body.

冷凍食品在我們生活中相當(dāng)受歡迎，因?yàn)樗腥硕枷硎芰似浔憷?，所以我們傾向于更頻繁地去選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)冷凍食品，這點(diǎn)是我們必須承認(rèn)的。然而，重要的是不要去養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣，因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推移，它肯定會(huì)帶來(lái)一些并發(fā)癥。我們都應(yīng)該明白，有時(shí)候，在我們做出生活方式的選擇之前，我們需要知道它會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康產(chǎn)生什么影響，以及我們的選擇是否真的值得。
糖尿?。豪鋬鍪称分泻羞^(guò)量新鮮淀粉。這里所討論的淀粉增加了食物的味道和質(zhì)地，淀粉是由葡萄糖鏈構(gòu)成的多糖物質(zhì)，我們的身體在消化食品后將這種多糖成分轉(zhuǎn)化為單糖，過(guò)量的糖會(huì)增加患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)身體組織造成損害。如果你的家中有類(lèi)似冷凍食品，您應(yīng)該盡量避免食用它們。
心臟?。号c冷凍加工食品相關(guān)的另一個(gè)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是心臟病。包裝食品中含有的反式脂肪會(huì)增加您患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈阻塞。
過(guò)多的卡路里：冷凍食品的脂肪含量很高。與普通碳水化合物或蛋白質(zhì)相比，脂肪所含的卡路里是前者兩倍；高含量的卡路里意味著高熱量。例如，冷凍雞肉餡餅可能含有近 600 卡路里的熱量，其中一半以上來(lái)自脂肪。雖然冷凍食品在市場(chǎng)上被宣傳為健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，但事實(shí)是它們對(duì)你的身體有害。

Naina Kalra
The act of freezing doesn't make food healthy or unhealthy—it really depends upon the nutritional content of the food that gets frozen. Frozen fruits and vegetables can be just as nutrient-dense as their fresh counterparts, but frozen foods like pizzas, snacks, and entrees can be less nutrient-dense when compared to frozen fruits and vegetables.?
If your food was nutritious before it was frozen, it will still be nutritious after it's thawed. You can't go wrong with plain, frozen fruits, vegetables, meats, chicken, and fish. You can even freeze whole grains.When it comes to preparing and serving a quick meal, nothing beats the convenience of frozen foods. They fit nicely in your freezer, keep for a long time, and they're easy to prepare.Stocking up on frozen foods can also be a great way to save money if you buy them when they're on sale. You can also freeze fresh perishable foods to keep them longer, which is a great way to cut down on waste. But many still wonder whether frozen foods can be a part of a healthy diet.Generally, frozen foods retain their vitamins and minerals and there is no change to the carbohydrate, protein or fat content. In some cases, frozen foods have more vitamins and minerals compared to fresh because fresh foods lose vitamins and minerals over time while freezing preserves nutrients.

冷凍不會(huì)使食物變得健康或不健康——它實(shí)際上取決于被冷凍的食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。冷凍的水果和蔬菜可以和新鮮水果蔬菜一樣營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，與冷凍食品，如披薩、零食和主菜相比，它們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量會(huì)保持的更好，如果你的食物在冷凍前是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的，那么解凍后它仍然是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的，普通的冷凍水果、蔬菜、肉類(lèi)、雞肉和魚(yú)不會(huì)有問(wèn)題，你甚至可以冷凍所有的谷物。
在準(zhǔn)備和供應(yīng)快餐時(shí)，沒(méi)有什么比冷凍食品更方便的了，它們可以放在冰箱里，保存很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，而且很容易準(zhǔn)備，如果你在打折的時(shí)候購(gòu)買(mǎi)，那儲(chǔ)存冷凍食品也是一個(gè)省錢(qián)的好方法。你也可以冷凍新鮮易腐爛的食物以保持更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這是減少浪費(fèi)的好方法。
但許多人仍然想知道，冷凍食品是否可以成為健康飲食的一部分。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，冷凍食品保留維生素和礦物質(zhì)，碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)或脂肪含量沒(méi)有變化，在某些情況下，冷凍食品比新鮮食品含有更多的維生素和礦物質(zhì)，因?yàn)樾迈r食品隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)失去維生素和礦物質(zhì)，而冷凍食品可以保存營(yíng)養(yǎng)。

Maura Rudd
Eating frozen food that has been cooked properly does not affect your health negatively.
It is just food. Freezing does not cause it to become unhealthy.

食用經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)烹制的冷凍食品不會(huì)對(duì)您的健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。
這只是食物，冷凍不會(huì)使其變得不健康。

Jonathan Graifer
There's nothing particularly *wrong* about cold food, it just might not be pleasant.Frozen food depends on how you mean. There are very few foods MEANT to be eaten frozen. Popsicles and ice cream have tons of sugar, obviously, so they should be eaten in moderation. Frozen fruit, you're fine.Frozen foods, as in “that bag of chicken nuggets in the freezer" or similar contain lots of salt, sugar, and preservatives. Minimize those when and where you can.

冷食并沒(méi)有什么特別的問(wèn)題，這取決于你的意思。冷凍后的食物不能吃太多，比如，冰棒和冰淇淋含有大量的糖，所以應(yīng)該適量食用。
冷藏水果，這可以有。
冷凍食品，如“冰箱里儲(chǔ)存的雞塊”或類(lèi)似的食物，都含有大量的鹽、糖和防腐劑，盡量減少食用他們。

Clay Butler
Fresh frozen vegetables are excellent for you. The idea that canned or frozen food are inferior or lesser quality is not true. The best tasting, most ripe tomatoes don’t go to the grocery store. They go into canned tomato sauce, canned stewed tomatoes and ketchup. Why, because they leave them on the vine to fully ripen because they don’t have to survive several weeks of truck and warehouse transport. Frozen vegetables are picked at peak ripeness and flash frozen right away. So they are probably more nutritious than the ones in the store which degrade from shipping an d storage and less nutritious because they are picked too early.

新鮮的冷凍蔬菜非常適合您。認(rèn)為罐裝食品或冷凍食品質(zhì)量劣質(zhì)的觀點(diǎn)是不正確的，味道最好、最成熟的蔬菜不會(huì)是從超市買(mǎi)的，好吃的會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)速凍加工制成罐裝食品或者果醬，為什么，因?yàn)檫@些都是在藤蔓上完全成熟后經(jīng)過(guò)加工獲得的，它們不必經(jīng)歷幾周的卡車(chē)和倉(cāng)庫(kù)運(yùn)輸，冷凍的蔬菜在成熟高峰期時(shí)采摘，然后立即瞬間冷凍。所以它們可能比商店里的那些更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)，店里那些蔬菜還可能營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足，因?yàn)樗鼈兺鶗?huì)在成熟前提前采摘。

Yijia Yan
Your definition for “cold food” is not clear so I'll try to cover as much as I can.First of all, eating anything too cold quickly will stimulate your digestive system, especially your stomach. You may experience stomach ache or even diarrhea as your body tries to get the food out, consequently causing dehydration or lowering immunity in some cases.If you mean some dish that's cooked and refrigerated, you may get bacteria infections. Low temp in the refrigerator doesn' kill germs but slows their growth and reproduction instead. As a result there could be plenty of bacteria on your food by the time you take it out from the fridge and you'd better reheat it in some way before consuming.
If you mean food that's undercooked or not cooked at all, you could easily get sick because of the germs or parasites. Besides bacterias which may get you diarrhea and other sickness, unclean meat may contain parasite eggs or larvae, most of which are tapeworms and roundworms. Eating raw and you may get these parasites living happily in your body, posing great health risks (could be lethal).So in general it's probably a bad idea to eat cold food. Hope this answer helps.

你對(duì)“冷食”的定義不明確，所以我的回答會(huì)盡量涵蓋。
首先，吃太冷的東西會(huì)刺激你的消化系統(tǒng)，尤其是你的胃。當(dāng)您的身體試圖將食物排出時(shí)，您可能會(huì)感到胃痛甚至腹瀉，從而導(dǎo)致脫水或在某些情況下降低免疫力。
如果你的意思是一些煮熟和冷藏的菜，你可能會(huì)感染細(xì)菌。冰箱中的低溫不會(huì)殺死細(xì)菌，只會(huì)減緩它們的生長(zhǎng)和繁殖，因此，當(dāng)您從冰箱中取出食物時(shí)，食物上可能含有大量細(xì)菌，您最好在食用前以某種方式重新加熱。
如果你指的是未煮熟或根本沒(méi)有煮熟的食物，你很容易因?yàn)榧?xì)菌或寄生蟲(chóng)而生病。除了可能導(dǎo)致你腹瀉和其他疾病的細(xì)菌外，不干凈的肉還可能含有寄生蟲(chóng)卵或幼蟲(chóng)，其中大部分是絳蟲(chóng)和蛔蟲(chóng)，生吃它，這些寄生蟲(chóng)可能會(huì)在您的身體中快樂(lè)地生活，從而帶來(lái)巨大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（可能是致命的）。
所以總的來(lái)說(shuō)，吃冷食可能是個(gè)壞主意。希望這個(gè)答案對(duì)你有幫助。

Jan Soloven
The primary danger is food poisoning. In all cases, cold food has greater risk than steaming-hot just-cooked food, all other factors being equal.Some examples:If you’re eating in China, all raw vegetables are suspect because they will likely have been irrigated and rinsed in unsanitary water. If you’re served a steaming hot plate of the same vegetables stir-fried, any bacteria should have been killed.Whenever you have cold meat out somewhere, whether it’s a sliced ham sandwich from your local deli or meat from a cart in China, you don’t know how long it’s sat out. You don’t know if the server washed his hands after going to the bathroom. You don’t know if a fly laid maggots on it. Among the many risks are Listeria.For instance fruits from reliable sources that you wash/peel yourself, fresh bread, dry foods like crackers, and fresh foods that you cooked yourself and didn’t allow to become contaminated or sit too long at room temperature.

主要的危險(xiǎn)是食物中毒。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在所有其他因素相同的情況下，冷食比剛剛煮熟的熱騰騰食物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。
一些例子：如果你在中國(guó)吃飯，所有的生蔬菜都是可疑的，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芸赡苁怯貌恍l(wèi)生的水沖洗過(guò)的。如果你吃的是一盤(pán)熱氣騰騰的炒蔬菜，這完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槿魏渭?xì)菌都會(huì)被高溫殺死。
當(dāng)你在某個(gè)地方吃冷食時(shí)，無(wú)論是當(dāng)?shù)厥焓车甑幕鹜热髦芜€是中國(guó)的手推車(chē)上的肉，你都不知道它已經(jīng)放了多久，你也不知道服務(wù)員上完廁所有沒(méi)有洗手。你不知道蒼蠅是否在上面產(chǎn)了卵，其中含有許多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括李斯特菌、沙門(mén)氏菌和肝炎。
不過(guò)，許多食物都是安全的冷食。例如，您自己清洗/剝皮的可靠來(lái)源的水果、新鮮面包、餅干等食品，以及您自己烹制且沒(méi)有被污染或沒(méi)有在室溫下放置時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)的新鮮食品。

Janet Parker
Since frozen foods are often flash-frozen very quickly after harvesting, degradable vitamins can be preserved better than in food that has traveled days to get to a grocery near you.Even local fresh food may be a few to several days since picking, and may begin to break down some of its nutrition. Nothing is better than a fresh picked vegetable/fruit from a garden with well-nourished soil, from plants not genetically modified to withstand transportation. Farm stands and your garden are the best, if the soil is healthy.Freezing is the next best choice.P.S. I’m talking about unprocessed food, not frozen meals and similar.

由于冷凍食品通常在收獲后很快就被快速冷凍，因此可降解的維生素可以比運(yùn)輸數(shù)天到達(dá)您附近的店里的食品保存的更好。即使是當(dāng)?shù)氐男迈r食物也可能要采摘幾天，并可能有部分營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)分解了。沒(méi)有什么比從土壤肥沃的花園中新鮮采摘的蔬菜/水果更好的了，這些蔬菜/水果未經(jīng)基因改造也沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸。如果土壤健康，你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)和您的花園是最好的選擇，冷凍食品才是下一個(gè)選擇。
PS：我說(shuō)的是未加工的食品，而不是經(jīng)過(guò)加工的冷凍食品或類(lèi)似食品。

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