Quora網(wǎng)友Mia Brown問答合集(3)
In recent years, why do more and more foreigners choose to go to China and think China is good?譯文簡介
確實(shí)有越來越多的外國人喜歡中國。到2020年底,有2000多萬外國人在學(xué)習(xí)漢語,累計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)和使用漢語的人數(shù)接近2億。
外國人喜歡中國的原因有很多。中國是現(xiàn)代、友好、安全和自由的,并不像西方媒體所描述的那樣。越來越多的人選擇中國,我認(rèn)為主要有兩個原因:中國正在積極地向外部世界展示和呈現(xiàn)歡迎和友好的態(tài)度,中國在內(nèi)部始終處于發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。
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問:近年來,為什么越來越多的外國人選擇去中國并認(rèn)為中國很好?
There are many reasons for this. China is modern, friendly, safe and free, not as the Western media presents it. The more and more people choose China I think there are two main reasons: China is actively showing and presenting a welcoming and friendly attitude to the outside world, and China is always in a state of development internally.
確實(shí)有越來越多的外國人喜歡中國。到2020年底,有2000多萬外國人在學(xué)習(xí)漢語,累計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)和使用漢語的人數(shù)接近2億。
外國人喜歡中國的原因有很多。中國是現(xiàn)代、友好、安全和自由的,并不像西方媒體所描述的那樣。越來越多的人選擇中國,我認(rèn)為主要有兩個原因:中國正在積極地向外部世界展示和呈現(xiàn)歡迎和友好的態(tài)度,中國在內(nèi)部始終處于發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。
First, China has joined many international organizations, including economic trade, biological resources, telecommunications, agriculture, etc., and is maximizing its value by upholding the concept of peace and cooperation.
For example, in economic trade, 20 years after joining the WTO, China's total imports in 2020 already accounted for 12% of the world's total goods trade imports, which is an amazing figure. There is also the field of space science and technology. After the successful return of Shenzhou XIII , China officially announced that the Chinese space station welcomes visits by astronauts from abroad, sees international cooperation as a trend and a trend in the development of the space industry, and is willing to establish more cooperation and exchanges with all countries and regions that are committed to the peaceful use of outer space.
對外——“向世界展示中國形象”是中國的一個重要課題。
首先,中國加入了包括經(jīng)貿(mào)、生物資源、電信、農(nóng)業(yè)等在內(nèi)的許多國際組織,并秉持和平合作的理念來實(shí)現(xiàn)自身價值的最大化。
例如,在經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易方面,加入世貿(mào)組織20年后,2020年中國的進(jìn)口總額已經(jīng)占到世界貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)口總額的12%,這是一個驚人的數(shù)字。此外,在空間科學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,神舟十三號成功返回后,中國正式宣布中國的空間站歡迎國外航天員來訪,中國將國際合作視為航天事業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢,愿與所有致力于和平利用外層空間的國家和地區(qū)建立更多的合作與交流。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
其次,除了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功外,中國在預(yù)防新冠病毒方面也大放異彩。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織公布的新冠病毒疾病死亡率,中國大陸(不包括香港、澳門和臺灣)對新冠病毒的反應(yīng)非常成功,截至2021年底,累計(jì)報告病例數(shù)和死亡人數(shù)分別為102314和4636,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于其他國家的相應(yīng)數(shù)字。中國采用了及時的流調(diào)、隔離、遏制、動態(tài)清零和長期佩戴口罩等措施,大大減少了人員流動,從而減少了因交通事故、劇烈運(yùn)動、社交飲酒和呼吸道感染等各種原因造成的其他死亡。
Fourth, Chinese voices have also made an impact on social media in recent years. in April 2020, according to Sensor Tower data, the global downloads of TikTok under ByteDance have exceeded 2 billion times, gaining a following among foreign netizens.
In foreign social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, twitter and instagram, many bloggers who spread Chinese culture are also popular. For example, Li Ziqi has more than 100 million followers worldwide and even set a Guinness World Record for the most subscxtions to YouTube's Chinese channel. There are also many foreign netizens who have become ambassadors for China on online platforms, introducing themselves to life in China. For example, KOKOLEVSKII VLADISLAV, who has millions of followers, and Jerry Kowal, who has been praised by CCTV for introducing the facts about China's epidemic prevention.
第三,在舉辦國際賽事方面,中國是世界上唯一舉辦過夏季奧運(yùn)會、冬季奧運(yùn)會、殘奧會和青年奧運(yùn)會的國家。在這些國際賽事中,中國的綜合實(shí)力和大國作用體現(xiàn)在金牌和獎牌榜記錄,以及整個組織過程中的綠色、共享、開放和清潔理念中。
第四,近年來,中國的聲音也對社交媒體產(chǎn)生了影響。2020年4月,根據(jù)Sensor Tower的數(shù)據(jù),字節(jié)跳動旗下的應(yīng)用TikTok的全球下載量已超過20億次,在外國網(wǎng)民中贏得了追隨者。
在YouTube、Facebook、twitter和instagram等國外的社交媒體平臺上,許多傳播中國文化的博主也很受歡迎。例如,李子柒在全球擁有一億多粉絲,甚至創(chuàng)造了YouTube中文頻道訂閱量最多的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。還有許多外國網(wǎng)民在網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺上成為中國大使,介紹自己在中國的生活。例如,擁有數(shù)百萬粉絲的科科列夫斯基·弗拉迪斯拉夫(Kokolevskii Vladislav)和杰里·科瓦爾(Jerry Kowal),他因介紹了中國的防疫事實(shí)而受到CCTV的贊揚(yáng)。
Firstly, on the economic front, under 's leadership, China, with a population of 1.4 billion people, will be able to eradicate poverty by 2020, making it the world's largest poverty-reducing country and the first country in the world to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals. As the world's second largest economy, China is already at the forefront of the world.
At a time when the global economy was halted by the New Crown Pneumonia epidemic in 2020, China's total exports and imports of goods amounted to RMB 32.2 trillion, an increase of 1.9%, making it the only major economy in the world to achieve positive trade growth. According to World Trade Organization (WTO) data, China's export growth rate is 7.4 percentage points higher than the global rate in 2020, and its international market share of imports and exports, exports, and imports are all at record highs, further consolidating its position as the number one country in trade in goods.
從內(nèi)部來看,中國強(qiáng)大的發(fā)展實(shí)力是人們“對中國感覺良好”的根本原因。
作為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體,中國已經(jīng)走在世界前列。
2020年,當(dāng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)因新冠肺炎疫情而停滯不前時,中國的商品進(jìn)出口總額達(dá)到32.2萬億元人民幣,增長1.9%,成為世界上唯一實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易正增長的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體。根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)的數(shù)據(jù),2020年,中國的出口增長率比全球增長率高出7.4個百分點(diǎn),進(jìn)出口、出口和進(jìn)口的國際市場份額均創(chuàng)歷史新高,進(jìn)一步鞏固了中國作為貨物貿(mào)易第一大國的地位。
And China's express delivery industry, which steadily ranks first in the world, has achieved a domestic express package rate of 98% and an average delivery time of 48 hours, promoting the efficient integrity of China's network information technology. In addition, there is a comprehensive coverage of mobile payment, ready-to-deliver takeaway, etc., which has significantly increased the happiness of people's life.
其次,經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展也給人們的生活帶來了足夠的便利,“中國速度”在世界范圍內(nèi)廣為人知。中國擁有優(yōu)良的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,作為高速鐵路建設(shè)和運(yùn)營規(guī)模最大的國家,以及世界上公路總里程最大的國家,中國開啟了人類交通史上的新紀(jì)元。
中國的快遞業(yè)穩(wěn)居世界第一,國內(nèi)快遞包裹率達(dá)到98%,平均配送時間48小時,這促進(jìn)了中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息技術(shù)的高效整合。此外,移動支付、即送即用等全面覆蓋,大大增加了人們生活的幸福感。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
In addition, as we all know, Chinese culture is broad and profound. Beijing is the city with the largest number of world cultural heritages in the world. This country has a unique charm due to its long history. You can feel the overseas love for Chinese culture through the Chinese film and television popular overseas. First, A Bite of China, which has set the highest record for the overseas distribution of Chinese documentaries, and then film and television works with strong "ancient style and charm", such as the Empresses in the Palace and THE Longest Day In Chang An, have continuously set off an upsurge of Chinese film and television viewing abroad.
除了中國的速度外,“中國制造”也在迎頭趕上,逐步升級。在農(nóng)業(yè)方面,聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織聘請?jiān)∑綖殡s交水稻國際開發(fā)首席顧問,他不僅解決了中國人的吃飯問題,而且走向了全球,影響了世界。在新能源汽車方面,中國擁有世界上最大、增長最快的電動汽車市場,中國的汽車公司在新能源汽車市場上基本上與世界同步,中國供應(yīng)了全球80%的電動汽車電池,并能夠壟斷電池供應(yīng)和原材料市場。
此外,眾所周知,中國文化博大精深。北京是世界上擁有世界文化遺產(chǎn)最多的城市。這個國家因其悠久的歷史而具有獨(dú)特的魅力。通過海外流行的中國影視,你可以感受到海外對中國文化的熱愛。先是創(chuàng)下中國紀(jì)錄片海外發(fā)行最高紀(jì)錄的《舌尖上的中國》,然后是《甄嬛傳》、《長安十二時辰》等“古韻”濃郁的影視作品,不斷掀起中國影視的海外觀影熱潮。
Finally, China's development in academic knowledge and higher education is equally impressive. Educational cooperation between China and different countries (regions) and international organizations around the world has been consolidated, and the international influence and competitiveness of Chinese education is growing. There are also significant breakthroughs in the policy of supporting study in China and the granting of scholarships for foreign students, such as the signing of bilateral agreements and mutual recognition of degrees, the establishment of the Silk Road Chinese government scholarships, etc. More and more foreign young people are willing to study in China to get to know and experience China on the ground.
除了經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化,中國良好的社會秩序和安全的社會氛圍也讓許多外國人感到安心。中國一直把人民的安全放在第一位,深夜還有很多深夜小吃,在外面開派對也很正常,這讓很多外國人覺得不可思議,畢竟一些國家經(jīng)常發(fā)生槍戰(zhàn)。
最后,中國在學(xué)術(shù)知識和高等教育方面的發(fā)展同樣令人印象深刻。中國與世界各國(地區(qū))和國際組織的教育合作得到鞏固,中國教育的國際影響力和競爭力也在不斷增強(qiáng)。在支持來華學(xué)習(xí)和向外國學(xué)生提供獎學(xué)金的政策方面也有重大突破,如簽署雙邊協(xié)議和相互承認(rèn)學(xué)位,設(shè)立絲綢之路中國政府獎學(xué)金,越來越多的外國年輕人愿意在中國學(xué)習(xí),以了解和體驗(yàn)中國。
Such a China is certainly popular with more and more foreigners.
中國現(xiàn)在是亞洲最大的留學(xué)目的地,根據(jù)美國國際教育協(xié)會發(fā)布的2017年《門戶開放報告》,在美國留學(xué)生最受歡迎的目的地名單中,中國是美國學(xué)生在亞洲留學(xué)的首選國家。來自亞洲、非洲和拉丁美洲國家以及歐洲和美國發(fā)達(dá)國家的留學(xué)生人數(shù)一直呈增長趨勢。
這樣的中國無疑會受到越來越多外國人的歡迎。
Q:What is the purpose of Modi's European trip? Is it to replace China's position?
問:莫迪此次歐洲之行的目的是什么?是要取代中國的地位嗎?
In fact, India has always wanted to replace China's status as a trading power and become the new world factory.In his book published in 2020, the Road to India: a strategy for an uncertain world, Indian foreign minister argued that with the outbreak of the COVID 19 and the conflict in Ukraine, European countries are more worry about "risk of dependence on China".India's goal is to push the west to shift its strategic focus in the Asia-Pacific region to India.In addition, the "Road to India" is to build a Multi-Directional, result-oriented alliance to "counterbalance China's rise in Asia" and to shape a Multi-Polar Asia with more friends and fewer enemies.
最近,印度和歐洲之間的互動非常頻繁。5月2日至4日,印度總理莫迪開始了歐洲之行,他訪問了德國、丹麥和法國。在訪問歐洲期間,莫迪參加了一系列雙邊會議,并與多個歐洲國家就國防、貿(mào)易、能源和綠色科技等領(lǐng)域的合作進(jìn)行了探討。這是一次非常有益的會晤,利用俄烏沖突帶來的戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇以及最近受到美國和歐洲外交關(guān)注的機(jī)遇,印度新的外交趨勢是與歐洲建立強(qiáng)大的貿(mào)易和安全伙伴關(guān)系,以促進(jìn)印度的持續(xù)崛起。
事實(shí)上,印度一直想取代中國的貿(mào)易大國地位,成為新的世界工廠。在2020年出版的《通往印度之路:不確定世界的戰(zhàn)略》一書中,印度外長指出,隨著新冠肺炎的爆發(fā)和烏克蘭的沖突,歐洲國家更加擔(dān)心“依賴中國的風(fēng)險”。印度的目標(biāo)是推動西方將其在亞太地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到印度。此外,“通往印度之路”意味著建立一個多方向、以結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向的聯(lián)盟,以“平衡中國在亞洲的崛起”,塑造一個朋友多、敵人少的多極化亞洲。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
During the European trip, Germany and India signed a series of cooperation agreements.Germany pledged to provide India with 10 billion euros of investment. India has a partnership with the Nordic countries on green energy.Indian foreign secretary stressed that India and France have a "strong strategic and defence partnership". On the eve of Modi's visit to Europe, a group of European dignitaries had just concluded a visit to India. British Prime Minister Boris and European Commission President von der Leyen visited India one after another. Von der Leyen was the guest of honor at the "Reichener Dialogue" hosted by the Indian Foreign Ministry and Indian think tank. Seven European foreign ministers, including Poland, Lithuania, Slovenia, Portugal, the Netherlands, Norway and Luxembourg, are also involved.
為了尋求在多向聯(lián)盟下實(shí)現(xiàn)利益最大化,印度在訪問歐洲期間達(dá)成了哪些合作?它能把自己塑造成一個可以取代中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴嗎?讓我們看看這段視頻。
在歐洲之行期間,德國和印度簽署了一系列合作協(xié)議,德國承諾向印度提供100億歐元的投資。印度與北歐國家在綠色能源方面建立了伙伴關(guān)系。印度外交部長強(qiáng)調(diào),印度和法國擁有“強(qiáng)大的戰(zhàn)略和防務(wù)伙伴關(guān)系”。在莫迪訪問歐洲前夕,一群歐洲政要剛剛結(jié)束了對印度的訪問。英國首相鮑里斯和歐盟委員會主席馮·德萊恩先后訪問了印度,馮·德萊恩是由印度外交部和印度智庫主辦的“Reichener對話”的主賓,包括波蘭、立陶宛、斯洛文尼亞、葡萄牙、荷蘭、挪威和盧森堡在內(nèi)的七位歐洲外交部長也參與了其中。
In addition, it is not only necessary for European and American countries to see the hope of getting rid of its dependence on Russia, but also to excuse its actions of continuing to engage in policy with Russia on the grounds of containing China.Maintaining its neutrality and benefiting from various parties, the "Multi-Directional Alliance" strategy is not a small test for Home - Gonzato Group is more like a high-risk tightrope for the current Indian diplomacy.
此前戰(zhàn)略合作較少的歐盟和印度現(xiàn)在正在恢復(fù)一項(xiàng)已經(jīng)擱置了八年的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判。印度現(xiàn)在之所以如此受歡迎,是因?yàn)樵诙砹_斯與歐美的對抗中,印度顯然是一個值得追求的好目標(biāo),具有更大的戰(zhàn)略意義。雖然這并不是基于印度自身的吸引力,然而,及時性也具有戰(zhàn)略意義。不過,在有限的時間內(nèi),印度很難消除自己的缺陷(例如,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善,社會秩序不穩(wěn)定,國家購買力不足等),這些資源將無法用來讓印度實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)的飛躍并取代中國。
此外,歐美國家不僅要看到擺脫對俄羅斯依賴的希望,還要為其以遏制中國為由繼續(xù)對俄進(jìn)行政策往來的行為辯解。保持中立并受益于各方,印度的“多向聯(lián)盟”戰(zhàn)略對印度本身來說也是一個不小的考驗(yàn)——Gonzato集團(tuán)對當(dāng)前的印度外交來說,更像是在走一條高風(fēng)險的鋼索。
Q:Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, countries around the world have relied on India to alleviate food shortages. What is the purpose of India's sudden announcement of a ban on wheat exports?
問:自俄烏沖突爆發(fā)以來,世界各國都依賴印度來緩解糧食短缺,印度突然宣布禁止小麥出口的目的是什么?
First, in order to control the rise in food prices caused by inflation.
India is the world's second largest wheat producer. Affected by the war in Ukraine, countries began to buy grain from India. Previously, India was planning to increase its export volume to earn more profits by taking advantage of rising grain prices. According to Indian media reports, due to the international grain Prices rose sharply as Indian wheat exporters had contracted about 4 million tonnes of wheat in the previous two months, nearly 60% of total wheat exports last fiscal year. In the past few months, there have been economic problems in India, and domestic inflation has remained high. India's control of wheat exports is to supplement the domestic wheat crunch and ease the domestic economic environment, thereby reducing the price of grain.
Second, persistent high temperatures lead to low wheat yields.
According to CNBC, the heat has hit India's main wheat-growing regions particularly hard, with Devendra Singh Chauhan, a farmer from the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh, reporting a 60 percent drop in wheat production compared to normal harvests. Harjit Singh, senior adviser to the International Climate Action Network, said the heatwave would have a "terrifying" short- and long-term impact on people in India and further afield. The impact of this high temperature in India on wheat is particularly prominent. Its wheat is in the critical grain filling period, and the main producing areas are concentrated in the central and northwestern regions where the high temperature continues.The continuous drought will affect the growth of wheat,local experts predict that Indian wheat may face an average cut of 15-25 %. The reduction in production will lead to a series of problems such as rising food prices and starvation of the poor.
我認(rèn)為,印度突然宣布禁止小麥出口的原因如下:
首先,為了控制通貨膨脹引起的食品價格上漲。
印度是世界第二大小麥生產(chǎn)國。受烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭的影響,各國開始從印度購買糧食。此前,印度正計(jì)劃增加出口量,以利用糧食價格上漲賺取更多利潤。據(jù)印度媒體報道,由于國際谷物價格大幅上漲,印度的小麥出口商在前兩個月的小麥出口合同量約為 400 萬噸,占上個財年小麥出口總量的近60%。過去幾個月,印度出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,國內(nèi)通脹居高不下。印度控制小麥出口是為了補(bǔ)充國內(nèi)小麥短缺,緩解國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,從而降低糧食價格。
其次,持續(xù)的高溫導(dǎo)致小麥減產(chǎn)。
據(jù)CNBC報道,酷暑對印度主要的小麥種植區(qū)的影響尤為嚴(yán)重,北方邦埃塔瓦區(qū)的農(nóng)民德文德拉·辛格·喬漢(DevendraSingh Chauhan)報告稱,與正常收成相比,小麥的產(chǎn)量下降了60%。國際氣候行動網(wǎng)(International Climate Action Network)高級顧問哈吉特·辛格(Harjit Singh)表示,熱浪將對印度及更遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的人民產(chǎn)生“可怕”的短期和長期影響。印度的高溫對小麥的影響尤為突出,目前小麥正處于關(guān)鍵的灌漿期,主產(chǎn)區(qū)集中在高溫持續(xù)的中部和西北部地區(qū)。持續(xù)的干旱將影響小麥的生長,當(dāng)?shù)貙<翌A(yù)測,印度小麥可能面臨15-25%的平均減產(chǎn)。減產(chǎn)將導(dǎo)致一系列問題,如食品價格上漲和窮人挨餓。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Russia and Ukraine are the world's main suppliers of wheat. In recent months, the wheat exports of the two countries have dropped sharply due to the impact of the war, and the global wheat reserves have plummeted, causing food shortages in India and neighboring countries. In the case of scarcity of wheat production, the sharp drop in imports has made India's grain industry even worse.
Finally, chemical fertilizer plays a key role in the growth of crops. India's agricultural fertilizer basically depends on imports, while Russia and Ukraine are the world's major fertilizer suppliers. In India, in order to ensure agricultural production, the government sells fertilizer lower than the import price to farmers through financial subsidies. After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the international price of chemical fertilizer rose sharply, resulting in the Indian government having to increase spending. An Indian government official previously revealed that the relevant government subsidies " may increase to INR 2 trillion from INR 1.25 trillion last year" (about INR 77 per dollar). The Indian government has been in deficit before, and the cost of chemical fertilizer has added to the burden on the Indian government.
Under the influence of these reasons, the Indian government stopped wheat exports, similar to Indonesia's previous suspension of palm oil exports. It is a "self-protection" measure when world food prices fluctuate sharply.
第三,俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間的沖突導(dǎo)致國際糧食價格急劇上漲,威脅到印度和鄰國的糧食安全。
俄羅斯和烏克蘭是世界小麥的主要供應(yīng)國。近幾個月來,受戰(zhàn)爭影響,兩國小麥出口大幅下降,全球小麥儲備也大幅下降,這導(dǎo)致了印度及周邊國家出現(xiàn)糧食短缺。在小麥產(chǎn)量稀缺的情況下,進(jìn)口的銳減讓印度的糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)雪上加霜。
最后,化肥對農(nóng)作物的生長起著關(guān)鍵作用。印度的農(nóng)用肥料基本上依賴進(jìn)口,而俄羅斯和烏克蘭是世界上主要的肥料供應(yīng)商。在印度,為了確保農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),政府通過財政補(bǔ)貼向農(nóng)民出售低于進(jìn)口價格的肥料。俄烏沖突爆發(fā)后,國際化肥價格大幅上漲,導(dǎo)致印度政府不得不增加支出。一位印度政府官員此前透露,相關(guān)政府補(bǔ)貼“可能從去年的1.25萬億盧比增加到2萬億盧比”(約77盧比/美元)。印度政府以前一直處于赤字狀態(tài),化肥的成本增加了印度政府的負(fù)擔(dān)。
在這些原因的影響下,印度政府停止了小麥的出口,類似于印尼此前暫停棕櫚油出口的情況。當(dāng)世界糧食價格大幅波動時,這是一種“自我保護(hù)”措施。