2022年了，印度依然不是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
Why is India not a developed country in 2022?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
印度是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，由于各種因素，各個(gè)地區(qū)的發(fā)展情況不盡相同。每當(dāng)有人對(duì)印度的發(fā)展提出問(wèn)題。人們經(jīng)常展示孟買天際線和古魯格拉姆的照片。
正文翻譯
Why is India not a developed country in 2022?
2022年了，印度依然不是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
評(píng)論翻譯
很贊 ( 4 )
收藏
India is not an undeveloped country in 2022. Period.
Anybody with a pair of eyes, and a brain inside their head can see for himself how much India has developed during the last seven decades. If some one still believes India is an undeveloped country in 2022, without any hesitation I'd commend him to go see a shrink a s a p.
(Of course India is not yet a developed country either. The enormous economic strides the country has made during the last seven decades are neither uniform nor equitable. India still is a developing country, but what one can say with near certitude is India is proceeding in the right direction, perhaps a bit slowly, but nevertheless steadily and sustainably)
And more funnily the caveat “compared to others”!
Compared to what others? Srilanka? Pakistan? Myanmar? even the tiny Nepal? Of course Bangla Desh is catching up & China is an outlier. And any comparison with much smaller countries like South Korea, Singapore or Hongkong is untenable and comparison with already well developed countries like the USA, UK or the Scandinavian countries is unfair.
So coming back to the question, please repeat with me “India is not an undeveloped country in 2022, whether compared or not compared to others.
Jai Hind!
但2022年，印度也不是不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。（注：世界各國(guó)從經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等發(fā)展水平上被分類為——發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家、發(fā)展中國(guó)家、不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家）
任何一個(gè)有眼睛和腦子的人都能親眼看到印度在過(guò)去70年里取得了多大的發(fā)展。如果有人到2022年還認(rèn)為印度是不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地建議他去看心理醫(yī)生。
當(dāng)然，印度也不是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。這個(gè)國(guó)家在過(guò)去70年里取得的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步既不統(tǒng)一也不公平。印度仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，但人們幾乎可以肯定地說(shuō)，印度正在朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)，雖然速度可能有點(diǎn)慢，但仍然是穩(wěn)定和可持續(xù)的。
更有趣的是，那些總是“與他國(guó)家相比”的觀點(diǎn)！
和哪些國(guó)家比？斯里蘭卡?巴基斯坦?緬甸?甚至是很小的尼泊爾?當(dāng)然，孟加拉國(guó)正在趕上（印度），中國(guó)是個(gè)例外。與韓國(guó)、新加坡或中國(guó)香港等小得多的地區(qū)進(jìn)行比較是站不住腳的，與美國(guó)、英國(guó)或斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家等已經(jīng)很發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家進(jìn)行比較是不公平的。
所以回到這個(gè)問(wèn)題上來(lái)，請(qǐng)跟我重復(fù)一遍“印度在2022年不是一個(gè)不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，無(wú)論與其他國(guó)家相比還是不相比。
印度萬(wàn)歲！
With over 50% population dependent on agriculture for sustenance, and our economic policies directed towards rural & urban poor in the form of MNREGA, loan waivers, DBT, freebies, PDS, with no adequate social security frxwork, it's a long walk to become developed :)
UP: 12
超過(guò)50%的人口依靠農(nóng)業(yè)維持生計(jì)，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策以MNREGA、貸款減免、DBT、免費(fèi)贈(zèng)品、PDS的形式面向農(nóng)村和城市貧困人口，沒(méi)有足夠的社會(huì)保障框架。
要成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。
Why is India an undeveloped country in 2022 compared to others?
Compared to what? Wakanda? Sokovia?? Atlantis???
Ever climbed a mountain? If yes, you'd come to realise that the mountain decides it’s peak, but it is the mountain climbers who decide the summit. The beauty of trekking is that there can be multiple summits, with everyone having reached their summit.
Now, this isn't to claim that India is the topmost country in the world. To be honest, no country is. Because the metrics of development depends on the time we had, the time we have, and how well we manage the resources in hand. The priority of each nation varies as well. The “most developed” country might lack major benefits the “l(fā)east developed” country might consider the default, and vice versa.
哪些方面相比?瓦坎達(dá)（虛構(gòu)的非洲國(guó)家）？索科維亞（歐洲歷史上的一個(gè)小國(guó)）？亞特蘭蒂斯（傳說(shuō)中沉入海底的大陸）？
曾經(jīng)爬過(guò)山嗎?如果答案是肯定的，你就會(huì)意識(shí)到，山由最高峰決定，而山峰由登山者決定。徒步旅行的美妙之處在于可以有多個(gè)高峰，每個(gè)人都達(dá)到了自己的頂峰?，F(xiàn)在，這并不是說(shuō)印度是世界上發(fā)展最好的國(guó)家。老實(shí)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家是這樣的。因?yàn)榘l(fā)展的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取決于我們所處的時(shí)間，以及我們?nèi)绾喂芾硎种械馁Y源。每個(gè)國(guó)家的優(yōu)先級(jí)也各不相同。“最發(fā)達(dá)”國(guó)家可能存在重大利益得不到滿足，而“最不發(fā)達(dá)”國(guó)家可能考慮違約，反之亦然。
Also, ones perception of development depends on one's personal development as well. An elite person living in the most underdeveloped place lives a better life than a homeless destitute in the most developed place. This can be true of country, or any state within the country, or city within the state, or locality within the city. A self sufficient farmer living in kuccha housing is much richer than a bankrupt techie living in a high rise that is technically the property of the bank. But who is categorised as “rich” and who is categorised as “poor”? And why does it matter when the reality is different?
Well, while India isn't the topmost country by any of the current indices, it isn't the bottommost either. Because that is how the world is. Every single country has its own set of problems, and looks at a wistful desire at some other country. While an average Indian looks at America's uninterrupted power and water supply and clean streets wistfully, an average American who has just exhausted his life's savings due to a medical emergency might yearn for the free treatment we get in our government hospitals — something the USA doesn't have. Our government hospitals might not have the latest technology, but it caters to the lowest common denominator — basic healthcare for all. Any extra funding it receives depending on the priorities by the state government the hospital is in.
把“發(fā)展”想象成電子游戲。一旦你完成一個(gè)關(guān)卡，你就會(huì)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)關(guān)卡，在那里你會(huì)遭遇許多挑戰(zhàn)，雖然你可能是上一個(gè)關(guān)卡的高手，但你仍然需要通過(guò)當(dāng)前關(guān)卡的所有困難，以便到達(dá)下一個(gè)關(guān)卡。每一關(guān)都將比前一關(guān)更困難。但第5關(guān)的難度是否意味著你到目前為止所通的關(guān)都不重要？
此外，一個(gè)人對(duì)國(guó)家發(fā)展的看法也取決于他的個(gè)人發(fā)展。生活在最不發(fā)達(dá)地方的精英，比生活在最發(fā)達(dá)地方的無(wú)家可歸的窮人，生活得更好。這可以適用于國(guó)家，或國(guó)家內(nèi)的任何州，或州內(nèi)的城市，或城市內(nèi)的某個(gè)地方。一個(gè)自給自足的農(nóng)民住在某個(gè)房子里，比一個(gè)破產(chǎn)的技術(shù)人員住在屬于銀行財(cái)產(chǎn)的高樓里要富有得多。但誰(shuí)被歸為“富人”，誰(shuí)又被歸為“窮人”呢?
盡管印度目前的各項(xiàng)指數(shù)都不是最高的，但也不是最低的。因?yàn)槭澜缇褪沁@樣的。每個(gè)國(guó)家都有自己的一套問(wèn)題，并對(duì)其他一些國(guó)家抱有渴望。當(dāng)一個(gè)普通的印度人對(duì)美國(guó)不間斷的電力、水供應(yīng)和干凈的街道充滿渴望時(shí)，一個(gè)剛剛因?yàn)獒t(yī)療緊急事件耗盡畢生積蓄的普通美國(guó)人可能會(huì)渴望我們?cè)谡t(yī)院得到的免費(fèi)治療，而這在美國(guó)是沒(méi)有的。我們的政府醫(yī)院可能沒(méi)有最新的技術(shù)，但它滿足了最低的公分母——所有人的基本醫(yī)療保健。醫(yī)院獲得的任何額外資金取決于州政府的優(yōu)先級(jí)。
We, as a country, are moving towards the summit WE set. We are sure being held back by multiple forces within, but at the same time given a push by other forces within. We will take our time, and relish every small victory. We might not be at the peak, but let us celebrate every level we achieve. In haste to compete with those who reached the summit before us, let us not forget the journey, the view. Let us get to OUR summit together.
As an Indian, I'm my country's best admirer. I'm also it's worst critic. Because it is my country, I have every right to point out it's issues so that I can live better, and make life better for the future. I also have my duties towards it. Do your duties and claim your rights, right? In this vast universe, if there is one place that I can call “home", it is India. Any metrices be damned. And that is my summit.
以“西方”國(guó)家為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，印度可能會(huì)被擊敗，“全球北方”似乎是高人一等的，甚至完全忽略了他們所謂的“全球南方”，印度一再被西方國(guó)家的勢(shì)利態(tài)度貶低。但這是否意味著我們就是他們所說(shuō)的那樣呢?絕對(duì)不算。我們必須努力做到自給自足。還記得農(nóng)民vs技術(shù)控嗎?隨你怎么嘲笑農(nóng)民，但在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，如果他吃得很香，睡得很香，他不需要關(guān)心技術(shù)人員對(duì)他的看法。是的，我們需要定期評(píng)估和重新設(shè)定我們的目標(biāo)，但我們會(huì)按照我們的時(shí)間表來(lái)做，而不是按照其他國(guó)家的時(shí)間表。我們看到了在疫情下發(fā)生的事情，在最近的國(guó)際沖突中，我們不斷地看到這種情況。
我們，作為一個(gè)國(guó)家，正在朝著我們所設(shè)定的高峰前進(jìn)。我們肯定受到內(nèi)部多種力量的阻礙，但同時(shí)也受到內(nèi)部其他力量的推動(dòng)。我們會(huì)慢慢來(lái)，享受每一個(gè)小的勝利。我們也許沒(méi)有達(dá)到巔峰，但讓我們慶祝我們?nèi)〉玫拿恳粋€(gè)水平。在匆忙與那些在我們之前到達(dá)頂峰的人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，讓我們不要忘記旅程、風(fēng)景。讓我們一起走向我們的高峰。
作為一個(gè)印度人，我是我的國(guó)家最好的崇拜者。我也是它最糟糕的評(píng)論家。因?yàn)檫@是我的國(guó)家，我有權(quán)指出問(wèn)題所在，這樣我就能過(guò)得更好，為未來(lái)創(chuàng)造更好的生活。我也有我的責(zé)任。履行你的職責(zé)，爭(zhēng)取你的權(quán)利，對(duì)吧？在這浩瀚的宇宙中，如果有一個(gè)地方我可以稱之為“家”，那就是印度。任何度量單位都是該死的。這就是我的高峰。
India is a developing country and the development varies from region to region, due to various factors.
Whenever someone poses a question about India’s development. People often show pictures of Skyline of Mumbai and Gurugram.
People in India often mistake Sky scrappers for development. A city having ‘n’ number of sky scrappers or ‘n’ number of billionaires isn’t a true measure of development.
Development must be inclusive, not exclusive.
Development should be sustainable.
Take Gurugram for example :
印度是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，由于各種因素，各個(gè)地區(qū)的發(fā)展情況不盡相同。每當(dāng)有人對(duì)印度的發(fā)展提出問(wèn)題。人們經(jīng)常展示孟買天際線和古魯格拉姆的照片。
印度人經(jīng)常把摩天大樓誤認(rèn)為是發(fā)展。一個(gè)擁有n座摩天大樓或n個(gè)億萬(wàn)富翁的城市并不能真正衡量發(fā)展。發(fā)展必須是包容的，而不是排外的。發(fā)展應(yīng)該是可持續(xù)的。
以古魯格拉姆為例:
It looks like this futuristic city that rivals cities like Tokyo.
But, is it really developed?
Answer is No.
For starters, Gurugram doesn’t have a fully functioning sewage system.[1] It doesn’t have a Municipal government. All the sewage is collected and dumped elsewhere.
Like this :
Compare this to Indore :
The city isn’t flashy, but the city has been consistently ranked as the cleanest city in India. Now it is a Water+ certified city. It has a fully functioning sewage system and a first class waste management system, with waste segregation being strictly implemented [2]
Is Gurugram a better city compared to Indore ? Certainly not.
Development certainly comes at a cost. However sustainable development cuts the cost by a large margin.
True measure of development:
True measure of Development is the HDI and meeting SDG(Sustainable development goals) because HDI and SDG count all important aspects of development.
看起來(lái)，這座未來(lái)主義的城市可以與東京這樣的城市相媲美。但是，它真的發(fā)達(dá)的嗎?答案是否定的。
首先，古魯格拉姆沒(méi)有一個(gè)功能齊全的污水處理系統(tǒng)，它沒(méi)有市政府，所有的污水都被收集并傾倒在其他地方。就像這樣：
相比之下，印多爾（另一座印度城市）并不光鮮，但一直被評(píng)為印度最干凈的城市，污水處理系統(tǒng)完善，垃圾一級(jí)管理系統(tǒng)完善，垃圾分類嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。古魯格拉姆比印多爾更棒嗎？顯然沒(méi)有。發(fā)展當(dāng)然是有代價(jià)的。然而，可持續(xù)發(fā)展大大降低了成本。
發(fā)展的真實(shí)度量：真正衡量發(fā)展的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是人類發(fā)展指數(shù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，因?yàn)槿祟惏l(fā)展指數(shù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)涵蓋了發(fā)展的所有重要方面。
(1) No Poverty,
(2) Zero Hunger,
(3) Good Health and Well-being,
(4) Quality Education,
(5) Gender Equality,
(6) Clean Water and Sanitation,
(7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(10) Reduced Inequality,
(11) Sustainable Cities and Communities,
(12) Responsible Consumption and Production,
(13) Climate Action,
(14) Life Below Water,
(15) Life On Land,
(16) Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions,
(17) Partnerships for the Goals.
States like Kerala, Tamilnadu, Himachal Pradesh consistently top the UN’s Sustainable development Goal rankings.
The reason why these states top the UN SGD rankings is that, they concentrate on Uniform, sustainable development. The states have high upward mobility.
It has gone from being a very low HDI country to Medium HDI country. But it still has a very long way to go.
聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)排名考慮到:
(1)沒(méi)有貧困；
(2)沒(méi)有饑餓；
(3)健康和幸福；
(4)素質(zhì)教育；
(5)性別平等；
(6)清潔用水和衛(wèi)生；
(7)平價(jià)清潔能源；
(8)體面工作與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)；
(9)產(chǎn)業(yè)、創(chuàng)新和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；
(10)減少不平等；
(11)可持續(xù)城市和社區(qū)；
(12)負(fù)責(zé)任的消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)；
(13)氣候行動(dòng)；
(14)水下生命；
(15)陸地生物；
(16)和平、正義和強(qiáng)大的體制；
(17)實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的伙伴關(guān)系。
喀拉拉邦、泰米爾納德邦、喜馬偕爾邦等邦在聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)排名中一直名列前茅。這些邦之所以在聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)排名中名列前茅，是因?yàn)樗鼈儗Ｗ⒂诮y(tǒng)一、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展。這些州有很高的向上流動(dòng)性。
這也反映在人類發(fā)展指數(shù)的排名中:
（兩張錯(cuò)誤的印度地圖）
在過(guò)去幾十年里，印度在人類發(fā)展指數(shù)方面取得了巨大的飛躍。它已經(jīng)從一個(gè)人類發(fā)展指數(shù)非常低的國(guó)家變成人類發(fā)展指數(shù)中等國(guó)家。但它還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。
Love this type of content where people are having constructive discussion without any bs.
喜歡這種類型的內(nèi)容，人們有建設(shè)性的討論，沒(méi)有任何廢話。
This is the reason why most of my family members go banana when I tell them Norway is more developed than USA.
這就是為什么當(dāng)我告訴我的家庭成員挪威比美國(guó)更發(fā)達(dá)時(shí)，他們中的大多數(shù)人都?xì)獾冒l(fā)瘋的原因。
People in India often mistake Sky scrappers for development. A city having ‘n’ number of sky scrappers or ‘n’ number of billionaires isn’t a true measure of development
But don't you think large number of skyscrapers/highrise buildings indicate that the city is attracting heavy investments? Take Shanghai for example. It has highest number of skyscrapers in the world and it's also one of the most developed and modern cities in the world. Skyscrapers are usually made where there is demands for them. They're certainly not a measurement of economic development but can be seen as effects of economic development.
“印度人經(jīng)常把摩天大樓誤認(rèn)為是發(fā)展。一座擁有n座摩天大樓或n個(gè)億萬(wàn)富翁的城市并不能真正衡量發(fā)展”
但是，你不認(rèn)為大量的摩天大樓表明這個(gè)城市正在吸引大量的投資嗎?以上海為例。它擁有世界上最多的摩天大樓，也是世界上最發(fā)達(dá)、最現(xiàn)代化的城市之一。摩天大樓通常在有需求的地方建造。它們當(dāng)然不是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但可以被視為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響。
Yes, skyscrapers can be seen as a measure of development, they aren’t alone a measure of true development. True development must be sustainable and inclusive.
For example : Sri Lanka had huge infrastructure projects funded by investments from China. They now defaulted on the debt.
This is Colombo:
We all know what Sri Lanka is going through now.
是的，摩天大樓可以被視為一種發(fā)展的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但它們并不是衡量真正發(fā)展的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。真正的發(fā)展必須是可持續(xù)和包容的。例如:斯里蘭卡有來(lái)自中國(guó)投資的大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目。他們現(xiàn)在拖欠了債務(wù)。
我們都知道斯里蘭卡現(xiàn)在正在經(jīng)歷什么。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
In my opinion, we still have a long way to go in HDI, because our basics aren’t solid. Quality school education is still inaccessible to majority. Too many mediocre engineering colleges, too few good universities, no encouragement to research etc.
在我看來(lái)，我們?cè)谌祟惏l(fā)展指數(shù)方面還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，因?yàn)槲覀兊幕A(chǔ)還不牢固。大多數(shù)人仍然無(wú)法獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的學(xué)校教育。太多平庸的工程學(xué)院，太少的好大學(xué)，不鼓勵(lì)研究等等。
Even Dubai doesn’t have a functional sewage system yet, btw.
順便說(shuō)一句，就連迪拜都還沒(méi)有一個(gè)有效的污水處理系統(tǒng)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
I wouldn’t call Dubai - a truly developed city-state yet. It runs on massive labor exploitation.
我不認(rèn)為迪拜是一個(gè)真正發(fā)達(dá)的城市國(guó)家。它依靠大規(guī)模的勞動(dòng)剝削而運(yùn)行。
Dubai is a gigantic farce. It looks all flashy, but the reality beneath is far dirtier. As many flashy things are.
迪拜是一場(chǎng)巨大的鬧劇。這一切看起來(lái)都很浮華，但背后的現(xiàn)實(shí)要骯臟得多，和浮華的東西一樣多。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Gurgaon is kind of Indian version of Dubai with all the glitters but no functioning sewage system.
古魯格拉姆有點(diǎn)像印度版的迪拜，燈火輝煌卻沒(méi)有污水處理系統(tǒng)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
This is all nonsense. None of our cities are sustainable. Neither the ones from Kerala nor the ones from MP nor Karnataka. We have to be ashamed of having cities like that and comparing among ourselves. All of us are poor. We should stop this HDI , literacy nonsense and start working towards actually becoming developed like how china has done.
這都是無(wú)稽之談。印度沒(méi)有一座城市是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的。無(wú)論是來(lái)自喀拉拉邦的，還是來(lái)自曼尼普爾或卡納塔克邦的。我們必須為擁有這樣的城市和我們之間的比較感到羞恥。
我們都很窮。我們應(yīng)該停止這種人類發(fā)展指數(shù)和讀寫能力的無(wú)稽之談，開始努力像中國(guó)那樣真正發(fā)展起來(lái)。
Literacy nonsense and start working towards actually becoming developed like how china has done.
Have you been to various parts of China Or have you met Chinese people and asked their perspective on development?
Just asking.
你去過(guò)中國(guó)的各個(gè)地方嗎?或者你見過(guò)中國(guó)人，問(wèn)過(guò)他們對(duì)發(fā)展的看法嗎?
單純問(wèn)問(wèn)。
We are all a connected through internet, aren't we?. I can see videos of their cities on YouTube, can get data of their per capita GDP. China is not yet “developed” as per the definition of IMF or world bank, but they will reach there sooner than we thought. Even the “richest" state of India with all chest thumping HDI and literecy rate has a per capita income comparable to that Syria. Is this what we should call as “development” and go home to have a full night sleep ?
All of our states and cities are poor. We should accept it and work towards it.
我們都是通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)系在一起的，不是嗎?
我可以在YouTube上看到他們城市的視頻，可以得到他們的人均GDP數(shù)據(jù)。按照國(guó)際貨幣基金組織或世界銀行的定義，中國(guó)還不是“發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家”，但他們會(huì)比我們想象的更快成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。即使是人類發(fā)展指數(shù)和識(shí)字率都非常高的印度“最富有”的邦，其人均收入也與敘利亞相當(dāng)。這就是我們所謂的“發(fā)展”，然后回家睡個(gè)好覺(jué)嗎?
我們所有的州和城市都很貧窮。我們應(yīng)該接受它，并為之努力。