哪個國家的地理劣勢最大?（一）
Which country has the worst geographical disadvantage?
譯文簡介
我明白你的意思。然而，里海是一個內陸海，不與任何水域連接。由于哈薩克斯坦不與海洋接壤，因此被歸類為內陸國。
正文翻譯
Which country has the worst geographical disadvantage?
哪個國家的地理劣勢最大?
評論翻譯
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Nepal Nepal is landlocked by India to the south and China to the north. Aka Nepal is surrounded by the world’s two largest nations, both nuclear armed rivals with tense relations. Nepal relies on India for its maritime access as it provides the shortest route. It needs India to supply almost all of its fuel, like oil and coal. Nepal is being held hostage by India, like in the 2015 blockade. India was believed to have encouraged the blockade by an Indian ethnic minority in Nepal because of the change to the Nepalese constitution it did not like.
However, China has all the money in the region. It is the largest investor in Nepal, in its infrastructure and industries.
India and China have butt heads over influence in Kathmandu, as part of a wider diplomatic conflict in the Himalayas stretching from the disputed Aksai Chin to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. These have almost escalated or have escalated into open conflict as recent as 2017.
Nepal has to balance between Asia’s largest powers for its economic and political wellbeing. This has meant that development in Nepal has been very slow and the country is one of the poorest in the region.
泥泊爾。
你可能會想，這個美麗的喜馬拉雅國家怎么了?
尼泊爾是一個內陸國家，南靠印度，北靠中國。尼泊爾被世界上最大的兩個國家包圍，這兩個國家都是擁有核武器的對手，關系緊張。
尼泊爾的海上通道依賴印度，因為印度提供了最短的路線。它需要印度提供幾乎所有的燃料，比如石油和煤炭。尼泊爾被印度挾持為人質，就像2015年的封鎖一樣。據信，由于印度不喜歡尼泊爾修憲，印度鼓勵了一個在尼少數族裔在尼泊爾搞封鎖。
然而，中國在該地區(qū)擁有所有的資金。中國是尼泊爾基礎設施和工業(yè)的最大投資者。印度和中國在加德滿都的影響力上針鋒相對，這是喜馬拉雅地區(qū)更廣泛的外交沖突的一部分，從有爭議的阿克賽欽一直延伸到東邊的藏南。就在2017年，這些沖突幾乎升級為公開沖突。
尼泊爾為了自己的經濟和政治福祉，必須在亞洲最大的大國之間取得平衡。這意味著尼泊爾的發(fā)展非常緩慢，是該地區(qū)最貧窮的國家之一。
Mother RUSSIA!
My reasoning is because of access to the ocean.
“Hold on Mohit” (you may be saying). “Russia has a coastline of 37,653km, How can you argue that it has a problem accessing the oceans”?
Here’s my reason. Despite Russia having a huge coast, it doesn’t have easy access to the worlds oceans. Let me explain.
Here is a map of Russia.
Major ports that Russia uses include Vladivostok, Novorossiysk and St Petersburg.
Vladivostok:
Usually freezes. Also, Japan (US ally) and South Korea (US ally) could block russia’s access to the oceans if tensions got high.
祖國俄羅斯！
我的理由是俄羅斯通往海洋的問題。
“等一下，莫希特（樓主）”你可能會問?！岸砹_斯有37653公里的海岸線，你怎么能說它進入海洋有問題?”
以下是我的原因。盡管俄羅斯擁有巨大的海岸，但它與世界海洋的聯(lián)系并不容易。讓我解釋一下。
這是俄羅斯地圖。俄羅斯使用的主要港口包括符拉迪沃斯托克、新羅西斯克和圣彼得堡。
符拉迪沃斯托克：通常處于冰封狀態(tài)。此外，如果緊張局勢加劇，日本(美國盟友)和韓國(美國盟友)可能會阻止俄羅斯進入海洋。
諾沃西比爾斯克：這是一個不會凍結的港口，但吞吐量和港口深度是有限的。此外，進入地中海的通道可能會被土耳其(美國的盟友)封鎖。
圣彼得堡：這個港口一年有好幾個月處于凍結狀態(tài)。此外，進入大西洋可能會被丹麥(美國的盟友)封鎖。
俄羅斯之所以在地理上如此不利，是因為它沒有常年可靠的航運港口。
俄羅斯曾租用烏克蘭克里米亞的塞瓦斯托波爾港口。然而，烏克蘭開始更加向西傾斜。俄羅斯擔心，如果這種情況發(fā)生，當租約到期時，烏克蘭將不會續(xù)簽租約。這是俄羅斯入侵克里米亞的主要原因。
And for this same reason, the United States has perhaps the greatest geographical advantage: more than a hundred ports with direct, unfettered access to the world’s oceans in both hemispheres, and a well-developed internal transportation system that can quickly portage goods between those ports across the continent should passage through the Panama Canal become impossible.
出于同樣的原因，美國也許擁有最大的地理優(yōu)勢:
在兩個半球有一百多個可以直接、不受限制地通往世界海洋的港口，并且有一個非常發(fā)達的國內運輸系統(tǒng)，如果無法通過巴拿馬運河，它可以在這些港口之間快速地跨大陸運輸貨物。
The winner is Uzbekistan
It is one of the two double-landlocked countries in the world ( landlocked by landlocked countries that are Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzystan).
80% of its area comprises deserts. Remaining areas are mostly mountains.
Very limited source of water.
The country is in the earthquake zone. Huge earthquakes happened in the past.
Climate of the country makes life too difficult. The average temperature in summer 40 °C. However, in winter it is -2 °C. Sometimes -40 °C is seen in that season.
獲勝者是烏茲別克斯坦。
它是世界上兩個雙重內陸國之一(鄰國也是內陸國，分別是土庫曼斯坦、阿富汗、哈薩克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和吉爾吉斯斯坦)。
它80%的面積是沙漠。剩下的地區(qū)大部分是山區(qū)。
水源非常有限。
該國位于地震帶。過去發(fā)生過大地震。
這個國家的氣候使生活太困難了。夏季平均氣溫40°C。然而，在冬天是-2°C。有時在那個季節(jié)會看到零下40°C。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Lichtenstein is also double land locked. In the world only Uzbekistan Lichtenstein are double land locked.
列支敦士登也是雙重內陸國。世界上只有烏茲別克斯坦和列支敦士登是這樣。
A Jewish country in between the Muslim Middle East with neighbors that want to destroy you at all costs.
It is only a miracle (and with the backing of US) that Israel have survived that long. Bordering with Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan; Israel is a country with one of the worst geographical location.
Mostly, landlocked countries are considered geographically disadvantaged. But this central Asian country is “Double Landlocked”.
It means it is a landlocked country whose neighbours are all also landlocked. In order to reach open sea, it has to cross at least two international borders (Afghanistan and Pakistan in this case).
1.以色列
一個夾在中東穆斯林中間的猶太國家還有不惜一切代價要摧毀你的鄰國。
在美國的支持下，以色列能存活這么久，這真的是一個奇跡。與埃及、敘利亞、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦和約旦接壤。以色列是一個地理位置最差的國家之一。
2.烏茲別克斯坦
大多數內陸國家被認為在地理上處于不利地位。但這個中亞國家是“內陸國中的內陸國家”。這意味著它是一個內陸國家，其鄰國也都是內陸國家。為了到達公海，它必須至少跨越兩個國際邊界(在這個例子中是阿富汗和巴基斯坦)。
Most recently, the USA used it as a base to “fight Com...ism” during cold war and Taliban used it as a base to extend “Islamic Empire” in South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East.
Out of all other landlocked disadvantaged countries, this African country has a special disadvantage as it is surrounded from all four sides by South Africa. Yes. It is completely on South African mercy. If they decided to block its way to sea or blocked the supply of goods in or out of the country, they would have no other way..
3.阿富汗
阿富汗也是一個內陸國家，大部分土地貧瘠，是東亞、南亞、中亞和中東的交匯點。這種優(yōu)越的地理位置的缺點是，你會一直受到攻擊。
由于地理原因，阿富汗幾個世紀以來一直是戰(zhàn)場。主要從北部和中東前往印度的攻擊部隊將其作為第一基地。
最近，美國在冷戰(zhàn)期間將其作為“打擊共產主義”的基地，塔利班則將其作為在南亞、中亞和中東擴張“伊斯蘭帝國”的基地。
4.萊索托
在所有其他處于不利地位的內陸國家中，這個非洲國家尤其處于不利地位，因為它四面都被南非包圍。
是的。這完全是南非的仁慈。如果他們決定封鎖通往大海的道路，或者封鎖進出這個國家的貨物供應，他們將束手無策。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
5.馬爾代夫
不僅內陸國家是不利的。有時候，在海里也會很危險。馬爾代夫國家由數百個島嶼組成，位于印度洋上印度海岸的西南部。
它是世界上海拔最低的國家，平均海拔1.5米。聯(lián)合國環(huán)境小組警告說，如果水位繼續(xù)以目前的速度上升，到2100年馬爾代夫將不宜居住。
Luxembourg.Situated between Belgium, France and Germany, this small country (population ~500,000) is defenseless against invasions from its neighbours, should they turn against them.
Apart from that though, Luxembourg is a pretty nice place to live. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita of any country in the world (over $100,000!).
So while it may not have the best geographical location, it does just fine on its own as it is right now.
盧森堡
位于比利時、法國和德國之間的這個小國(人口約50萬)對鄰國的入侵毫無防御能力，如果它們要針對它的話。
除此之外，盧森堡還是一個非常適合居住的地方。它也是世界上人均GDP最高的國家之一(超過10萬美元!)
所以，雖然它可能沒有最好的地理位置，但就目前而言，它本身很好。
Mongolia
No access to the ocean or sea.
Although it's large enough it faces water and forest scarcity.
The vast majority of the land is not suitable for agriculture.
Harsh summer and winters.
1/3 is a desert.
Sandwiched between Russia and China.
Almost forgotten part of the world.
外蒙古
沒有進入海洋或大海的通道。
盡管它足夠大，但它面臨著水和森林的稀缺。
絕大多數土地不適合耕種。
嚴酷的夏季和冬季。
1/3是沙漠。
夾在俄羅斯和中國之間。
幾乎是世界上被遺忘的地方。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Genghis Khan must be rocking in his grave.
成吉思汗一定在墳墓里翻滾。
After the popularization of muskets, nomads became experts in singing and dancing.
在火槍普及后，游牧民族成了歌舞專家。
They conquered half of the world and ended up with the worst part xD
他們征服了世界的一半，卻落得了最糟糕的下場/大笑
It's a matter of perspective. Apparently more than 1 in 200 people worldwide have Mongolian DNA (Genghis Khan). So we might say Mongolia covers most of the world. Only disadvantaged Mongolians still live in the old neighborhood. Africa takes a similar spot.
這是一個視角的問題。
顯然，全世界每200人中就有1人擁有蒙古人的DNA(成吉思汗)。所以我們可以說蒙古覆蓋了世界的大部分地區(qū)。只有處境不利的蒙古人仍住在老社區(qū)。非洲的情況類似。
“Forgotten by the world" is a blessing.
“被世界遺忘”是一種祝福。
Depends on the neighborhood…
取決于它的鄰居是誰。
It makes me wonder Russia or China can easily conquer Mongolia by force and their population is only 3 million far less than Ukraine's 45 million why do they not do so?
俄羅斯或中國可以輕易地用武力征服外蒙古，他們的人口只有300萬，遠低于烏克蘭的4500萬，這讓我好奇，為什么他們不這樣做?
They just don't want it
Mongolia was rejected into admission into the USSR 6 times
And China isn't even interested
There are more Mongolian in China than in Mongolia
他們只是不想要：
外蒙古曾6次被蘇聯(lián)拒絕加入。
中國對外蒙古根本不感興趣。
中國的蒙古人比外蒙古人還多。
Mongolia is still a sore spot for many Chinese people. It is the only flaw in China's identity because Mongolia has the same relationship to China as Xinjiang and Ti.... Losing outer Mongolia along with Tuva is the equivalent of losing Xinjiang or Ti.... Many Chinese people always say, “x has been apart of China since ancient times", well outer Mongolia has really been apart of China since ancient times, but now it is not.
China doesn't really care for it now, because it has so little to offer economically. But it definitely wouldn't hurt to have Mongolia back. I am sure many other Chinese people would say the same.
Btw the reason China doesn't really care about Mongolia politically speaking is because of it's cozy relationship with Russia. However cozy relationships with Russia is only a recent phenomenon. However from a geopolitical stand point, Mongolia is every bit as important as taiwan.
外蒙古仍然是許多中國人的痛處。這是中國身份的唯一缺陷，因為蒙古與中國的關系就像新疆和西藏一樣。失去了外蒙古和圖瓦，相當于失去了新疆或西藏。很多中國人總是說，“自古以來，x就是中國的一部分”，其實外蒙古自古以來真的是中國的一部分，而現在不是。 中國現在并不關心它，因為它在經濟上沒什么可提供的。但讓外蒙古回歸絕對沒有壞處。我相信很多中國人也會這么說。
順便說一句，中國在政治上不關心外蒙古的原因是它與俄羅斯的親密關系。然而，與俄羅斯的親密關系只是最近才出現的現象。從地緣政治的角度來看，外蒙古和臺灣一樣重要。
Mongolia is like a gun lying between two strongmen，Whoever picks up gun will makes the other nervous
外蒙古就像倆強者之間放著的一把槍，任何一個人撿起來另一個人都會緊張。
Maybe not the worst disadvantage, but certainly a dark horse:
Chad.Let me list some reasons.
The Northern half of Chad is inhospitable desert, and the southern part is likely to follow with our rate of desertification.
Its eponymous lake has shrank 95% within the past few decades.
Temperatures regularly exceed 100 degrees fahrenheit throughout the country.
There are few important rivers for transportation, and they are all within the southwest corner of the country. Even then, navigation is intermittent.
Chad is totally landlocked.
Its neighbors, including Sudan and the Central African Republic, are not very stable.
There are no working railways in Chad.
Approximately 1.5% of total road mileage in Chad is paved.
Interestingly, before it dried and shrank to a tiny fraction of its original size, Lake Chad was known as Lake Mega-Chad. Do I even need to say it?
乍得（非洲中部國家）
也許地理上不是最糟糕的，但肯定是一匹黑馬。讓我列舉幾點原因：
乍得的北部是不宜居住的沙漠，南部很可能會沙漠化。
在過去的幾十年里，它的同名湖已經縮小了95%。
全國各地的氣溫經常超過華氏100度。（約合37.8攝氏度）
重要的運輸河流很少，而且都在這個國家的西南角。不僅如此，導航也是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的。
乍得完全是內陸國家。
它的鄰國，包括蘇丹和中非共和國，都不是很穩(wěn)定。
乍得沒有通車的鐵路。
有趣的是，在乍得湖干涸并縮小到原來大小的一小部分之前，它被稱為超級乍得湖。還需要我多說嗎?
By and large, Indonesia
Indonesia is not some solid chunk of land like USA, Canada, India, China or Australia. It is an archipelago, the largest of it’s kind, and even now we aren’t exactly sure of exactly how many islands are in this map. Of these, the ones which we can see are most likely to be the most inhabited areas. For connecting the regions, good waterways are a necessity. Now when you have a country which is separated by water within itself, each region will be having it’s own distinct cultural identity. Diversity in Indonesia in terms of language especially, therefore is very high, in fact far higher than even India (touted as most diverse nation by many). The national language is Bahasa Indonesia, which is a standardized version of Malay, and has a significantly influenced by several languages, most notably Chinese, Sanskrit, Tamil, Arabic, Dutch and English. While local languages are promoted at local level, Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of state, media and government.
總的來說，是印度尼西亞。
印尼不像美國、加拿大、印度、中國或澳大利亞那樣是一塊堅實的土地。它是一個群島，是所有群島中最大的，即使現在我們也不確定地圖上到底有多少島嶼。在這些區(qū)域中，我們能看到的最有可能是最多人居住的地區(qū)。為了連接這些地區(qū)，良好的水路是必不可少的。
現在，當你有一個內部被水隔開的國家，每個地區(qū)都會有自己獨特的文化認同。尤其是在語言方面，印尼的多樣性非常高，事實上甚至比印度(被許多人吹捧為最多樣化的國家)都要高。
印尼的國語是印尼語，這是馬來語的標準化版本，并受到多種語言的顯著影響，最顯著的是漢語、梵語、泰米爾語、阿拉伯語、荷蘭語和英語。雖然地方語言在地方層面得到推廣，但印尼語是國家、媒體和政府的官方語言。
這種多樣性也建立在宗教的基礎上。印尼最西部的地區(qū)都是虔誠的伊斯蘭教徒，比如亞齊省的唯一法律就是伊斯蘭教法。當我們移動到最東端時，新教的影響是最大的。巴厘島是這些省份中唯一一個以印度教徒為主的地區(qū)。
該國人口最多的地區(qū)是爪哇島，按面積計算是世界第13大島嶼。爪哇還擁有首都雅加達，這也是該國最大的城市，還有其他幾個地方，如日惹、萬隆等。
爪哇也是一個地震活躍區(qū)，日惹位于默拉皮火山腳下，默拉皮火山是一座活躍的成層火山，上一次噴發(fā)是在一年前！
編輯:雅加達的過度擁擠和海平面上升導致的下沉迫使印尼政府建造一個新首都，可能會建在婆羅洲島上
Speaking of the Army, mobilizing because of the geography, is again a gargantuan task if one sees from a non-Indonesian perspective. The Indonesians however has created a thing called KOSTRAD, which utilizes concept of “military districts” where each such district would be taken care of by a large battalion
And Indonesia being right over the equator, it has a largely-tropical climate, with some of the world’s thickest jungles, with some of the most unexplored biodiversityProtecting such jungles and their animals from poachers is another challenge. One hell of a challenging geography, and one challenge to keep so many islands packed as one united nation. A huge credit should go to the administration at Jakarta in keeping the country as one.
有時，這種多樣性也導致該地區(qū)多年前活躍的分離主義運動，最顯著的是在亞齊、南摩鹿加群島和其他一些地方，所有這些都是由印度尼西亞軍隊處理的。
說到軍隊，如果從非印度尼西亞人的角度來看，由于地理原因而動員又是一項艱巨的任務。然而，印尼人創(chuàng)造了一個叫做KOSTRAD的東西，它利用了“軍區(qū)”的概念，每個軍區(qū)將由一個大營負責。
印度尼西亞位于赤道上方，大部分是熱帶氣候，擁有世界上最茂密的叢林，還有一些尚未探索過的生物多樣性。保護這樣的叢林和動物不受偷獵者的傷害是另一個挑戰(zhàn)。
這是一個極具挑戰(zhàn)性的地理環(huán)境，將這么多島嶼聚集成一個統(tǒng)一國家是其中一個挑戰(zhàn)。印尼政府保持國家統(tǒng)一，應該得到極高的贊揚。
Kazakhstan is kind of screwed geographically. Want to know why?
Open plains and a northern latitude makes this country painfully hot in the summer and brutally cold in the winter.
2nd coldest capital city in the world (First is Mongolia)
Large portions of the country are desert, plains, mountains, or marshes
Parts of the interior are irradiated from nuclear testing in the Soviet era
Huge land area combined with poor infrastructure makes traveling by road difficult
The biggest city, Almaty, is stuck in a mountain basin, trapping the city’s smog. Ouch
Southern Kazakhstan is prone to earthquakes
The country is landlocked (Biggest landlocked country on Earth!)
Kazakhstan is trapped between Russia and China. Scary!
Oh, yeah, and there are also sand storms in the capital. Sometimes.
However, Kazakhstan also has many beautiful lakes and LOTS of oil fields!
哈薩克斯坦在地理上有點糟糕。想知道為什么嗎?
開闊的平原和北緯使這個國家夏天酷熱難耐，冬天寒冷刺骨；
世界上第二冷的首都(第一是蒙古)；
這個國家的大部分地區(qū)是沙漠、平原、山脈或沼澤；
由于蘇聯(lián)時代的核試驗，內部部分地區(qū)受到了輻射；
巨大的土地面積加上落后的基礎設施使公路旅行變得困難；
最大的城市阿拉木圖被困在山區(qū)盆地中，也使得霧霾難以消散，哎呀！
哈薩克斯坦南部容易發(fā)生地震；
這個國家是內陸國家(地球上最大的內陸國家!)
哈薩克斯坦被夾在俄羅斯和中國之間?？膳?
哦，對了，首都偶爾還有沙塵暴。
然而，哈薩克斯坦也有許多美麗的湖泊和許多油田!
I think Mongolia fits the true definition of the largest land locked country.
我認為蒙古符合最大內陸國家的真正定義。
Nope. Kazakhstan is bigger than Mongolia and both countries are landlocked.
沒有。哈薩克斯坦比外蒙古大，兩個國家都是內陸國家。
No doubt about the size, however Kazakhstan does border a rather large body of water:the Caspian Sea which is also bordered by quite a few other countries. Mongolia has nothing comparable, her borders are 99.9% land
我不懷疑它的面積，然而，哈薩克斯坦確實與一個相當大的水域接壤:里海。里海也與許多其他國家接壤。蒙古沒有可比性，她的邊界99.9%都是土地。
I see your point. However, the Caspian Sea is an inland sea that doesn't border any water. Since Kazakhstan does not border the ocean it is classified as landlocked.
我明白你的意思。然而，里海是一個內陸海，不與任何水域連接。由于哈薩克斯坦不與海洋接壤，因此被歸類為內陸國。
I am from neighboring Mongolia. I certainly dont feel our location is bad. I am certain Kazakhs dont feel this way
我來自鄰國外蒙古。我一點也不覺得我們的位置不好。
我也肯定哈薩克人不會這么想。