哪個(gè)國家的地理劣勢(shì)最大?（一）

Anonymous
Nepal Nepal is landlocked by India to the south and China to the north. Aka Nepal is surrounded by the world’s two largest nations, both nuclear armed rivals with tense relations. Nepal relies on India for its maritime access as it provides the shortest route. It needs India to supply almost all of its fuel, like oil and coal. Nepal is being held hostage by India, like in the 2015 blockade. India was believed to have encouraged the blockade by an Indian ethnic minority in Nepal because of the change to the Nepalese constitution it did not like.
However, China has all the money in the region. It is the largest investor in Nepal, in its infrastructure and industries.
India and China have butt heads over influence in Kathmandu, as part of a wider diplomatic conflict in the Himalayas stretching from the disputed Aksai Chin to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. These have almost escalated or have escalated into open conflict as recent as 2017.
Nepal has to balance between Asia’s largest powers for its economic and political wellbeing. This has meant that development in Nepal has been very slow and the country is one of the poorest in the region.

泥泊爾。
你可能會(huì)想，這個(gè)美麗的喜馬拉雅國家怎么了?
尼泊爾是一個(gè)內(nèi)陸國家，南靠印度，北靠中國。尼泊爾被世界上最大的兩個(gè)國家包圍，這兩個(gè)國家都是擁有核武器的對(duì)手，關(guān)系緊張。
尼泊爾的海上通道依賴印度，因?yàn)橛《忍峁┝俗疃痰穆肪€。它需要印度提供幾乎所有的燃料，比如石油和煤炭。尼泊爾被印度挾持為人質(zhì)，就像2015年的封鎖一樣。據(jù)信，由于印度不喜歡尼泊爾修憲，印度鼓勵(lì)了一個(gè)在尼少數(shù)族裔在尼泊爾搞封鎖。
然而，中國在該地區(qū)擁有所有的資金。中國是尼泊爾基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和工業(yè)的最大投資者。印度和中國在加德滿都的影響力上針鋒相對(duì)，這是喜馬拉雅地區(qū)更廣泛的外交沖突的一部分，從有爭議的阿克賽欽一直延伸到東邊的藏南。就在2017年，這些沖突幾乎升級(jí)為公開沖突。
尼泊爾為了自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治福祉，必須在亞洲最大的大國之間取得平衡。這意味著尼泊爾的發(fā)展非常緩慢，是該地區(qū)最貧窮的國家之一。

Mohit Kapila
Mother RUSSIA!
My reasoning is because of access to the ocean.
“Hold on Mohit” (you may be saying). “Russia has a coastline of 37,653km, How can you argue that it has a problem accessing the oceans”?
Here’s my reason. Despite Russia having a huge coast, it doesn’t have easy access to the worlds oceans. Let me explain.
Here is a map of Russia.
Major ports that Russia uses include Vladivostok, Novorossiysk and St Petersburg.
Vladivostok:
Usually freezes. Also, Japan (US ally) and South Korea (US ally) could block russia’s access to the oceans if tensions got high.

祖國俄羅斯！
我的理由是俄羅斯通往海洋的問題。
“等一下，莫希特（樓主）”你可能會(huì)問?！岸砹_斯有37653公里的海岸線，你怎么能說它進(jìn)入海洋有問題?”
以下是我的原因。盡管俄羅斯擁有巨大的海岸，但它與世界海洋的聯(lián)系并不容易。讓我解釋一下。
這是俄羅斯地圖。俄羅斯使用的主要港口包括符拉迪沃斯托克、新羅西斯克和圣彼得堡。
符拉迪沃斯托克：通常處于冰封狀態(tài)。此外，如果緊張局勢(shì)加劇，日本(美國盟友)和韓國(美國盟友)可能會(huì)阻止俄羅斯進(jìn)入海洋。

諾沃西比爾斯克：這是一個(gè)不會(huì)凍結(jié)的港口，但吞吐量和港口深度是有限的。此外，進(jìn)入地中海的通道可能會(huì)被土耳其(美國的盟友)封鎖。

圣彼得堡：這個(gè)港口一年有好幾個(gè)月處于凍結(jié)狀態(tài)。此外，進(jìn)入大西洋可能會(huì)被丹麥(美國的盟友)封鎖。

俄羅斯之所以在地理上如此不利，是因?yàn)樗鼪]有常年可靠的航運(yùn)港口。
俄羅斯曾租用烏克蘭克里米亞的塞瓦斯托波爾港口。然而，烏克蘭開始更加向西傾斜。俄羅斯擔(dān)心，如果這種情況發(fā)生，當(dāng)租約到期時(shí)，烏克蘭將不會(huì)續(xù)簽租約。這是俄羅斯入侵克里米亞的主要原因。

Jonathan Johnson
And for this same reason, the United States has perhaps the greatest geographical advantage: more than a hundred ports with direct, unfettered access to the world’s oceans in both hemispheres, and a well-developed internal transportation system that can quickly portage goods between those ports across the continent should passage through the Panama Canal become impossible.

出于同樣的原因，美國也許擁有最大的地理優(yōu)勢(shì):
在兩個(gè)半球有一百多個(gè)可以直接、不受限制地通往世界海洋的港口，并且有一個(gè)非常發(fā)達(dá)的國內(nèi)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，如果無法通過巴拿馬運(yùn)河，它可以在這些港口之間快速地跨大陸運(yùn)輸貨物。

Utku ?zver
The winner is Uzbekistan
It is one of the two double-landlocked countries in the world ( landlocked by landlocked countries that are Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzystan).
80% of its area comprises deserts. Remaining areas are mostly mountains.
Very limited source of water.
The country is in the earthquake zone. Huge earthquakes happened in the past.
Climate of the country makes life too difficult. The average temperature in summer 40 °C. However, in winter it is -2 °C. Sometimes -40 °C is seen in that season.

獲勝者是烏茲別克斯坦。
它是世界上兩個(gè)雙重內(nèi)陸國之一(鄰國也是內(nèi)陸國，分別是土庫曼斯坦、阿富汗、哈薩克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和吉爾吉斯斯坦)。
它80%的面積是沙漠。剩下的地區(qū)大部分是山區(qū)。
水源非常有限。
該國位于地震帶。過去發(fā)生過大地震。
這個(gè)國家的氣候使生活太困難了。夏季平均氣溫40°C。然而，在冬天是-2°C。有時(shí)在那個(gè)季節(jié)會(huì)看到零下40°C。
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Sai Aanandha Shankhar
Lichtenstein is also double land locked. In the world only Uzbekistan Lichtenstein are double land locked.

列支敦士登也是雙重內(nèi)陸國。世界上只有烏茲別克斯坦和列支敦士登是這樣。

Hadi Bharara
A Jewish country in between the Muslim Middle East with neighbors that want to destroy you at all costs.
It is only a miracle (and with the backing of US) that Israel have survived that long. Bordering with Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan; Israel is a country with one of the worst geographical location.
Mostly, landlocked countries are considered geographically disadvantaged. But this central Asian country is “Double Landlocked”.
It means it is a landlocked country whose neighbours are all also landlocked. In order to reach open sea, it has to cross at least two international borders (Afghanistan and Pakistan in this case).

1.以色列
一個(gè)夾在中東穆斯林中間的猶太國家還有不惜一切代價(jià)要摧毀你的鄰國。
在美國的支持下，以色列能存活這么久，這真的是一個(gè)奇跡。與埃及、敘利亞、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦和約旦接壤。以色列是一個(gè)地理位置最差的國家之一。
2.烏茲別克斯坦
大多數(shù)內(nèi)陸國家被認(rèn)為在地理上處于不利地位。但這個(gè)中亞國家是“內(nèi)陸國中的內(nèi)陸國家”。這意味著它是一個(gè)內(nèi)陸國家，其鄰國也都是內(nèi)陸國家。為了到達(dá)公海，它必須至少跨越兩個(gè)國際邊界(在這個(gè)例子中是阿富汗和巴基斯坦)。

Also a landlocked and mostly barren country, Afghanistan is the point where East Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East meet. The disadvantage of this advantageous geographical location is that, you are continuously under attack all the time. Due to its geography, Afghanistan has remained a war ground for many centuries. Mainly attacking forces heading to India from North and Middle East used it as a first base.
Most recently, the USA used it as a base to “fight Com...ism” during cold war and Taliban used it as a base to extend “Islamic Empire” in South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East.
Out of all other landlocked disadvantaged countries, this African country has a special disadvantage as it is surrounded from all four sides by South Africa. Yes. It is completely on South African mercy. If they decided to block its way to sea or blocked the supply of goods in or out of the country, they would have no other way..

3.阿富汗
阿富汗也是一個(gè)內(nèi)陸國家，大部分土地貧瘠，是東亞、南亞、中亞和中東的交匯點(diǎn)。這種優(yōu)越的地理位置的缺點(diǎn)是，你會(huì)一直受到攻擊。
由于地理原因，阿富汗幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來一直是戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。主要從北部和中東前往印度的攻擊部隊(duì)將其作為第一基地。
最近，美國在冷戰(zhàn)期間將其作為“打擊共產(chǎn)主義”的基地，塔利班則將其作為在南亞、中亞和中東擴(kuò)張“伊斯蘭帝國”的基地。
4.萊索托
在所有其他處于不利地位的內(nèi)陸國家中，這個(gè)非洲國家尤其處于不利地位，因?yàn)樗拿娑急荒戏前鼑?br /> 是的。這完全是南非的仁慈。如果他們決定封鎖通往大海的道路，或者封鎖進(jìn)出這個(gè)國家的貨物供應(yīng)，他們將束手無策。
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Not only being landlocked is disadvantageous. Sometimes, being in the sea can be dangerous too. The country of the Maldives composed of hundreds of islands which lie to the South West of Indian shores in Indian Ocean. It is the lowest country in the world with average height of 1.5 meter above sea level. The UN environmental panel has warned that, if the rise in water level continued at current rates, the Maldives will be uninhabited by 2100.

5.馬爾代夫
不僅內(nèi)陸國家是不利的。有時(shí)候，在海里也會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。馬爾代夫國家由數(shù)百個(gè)島嶼組成，位于印度洋上印度海岸的西南部。
它是世界上海拔最低的國家，平均海拔1.5米。聯(lián)合國環(huán)境小組警告說，如果水位繼續(xù)以目前的速度上升，到2100年馬爾代夫?qū)⒉灰司幼　?/b>