QA問(wèn)答：大多數(shù)科幻小說(shuō)都存在什么錯(cuò)誤？

Dylan Owens
Zombies.
You have any idea how fucking ridiculous zombies are?
The basic premise:
A disease infects a human, and takes over their body. The disease makes them hungry for human flesh and/or brains. It also makes their body degenerate and rot.
So far, so good. Everything there is actually plausible. Seriously.
Mind control diseases exist. This is a fungus that infects ants and takes over its body to do its bidding. Those ants are by definition, zombies.
And diseases that make human flesh rot certainly exist. It’s not a huge stretch to combine a mind control and rotting flesh disease. At this point, still totally plausible.
The science fiction fuckery comes after the human is infected.
Humans have these 6 nifty body systems. They all work together and keep you alive and functioning. But do you know what happens if even one of them fails?

喪尸。
你知道喪尸有多可笑嗎？
基本前提：
一種病毒感染了一個(gè)人，并占據(jù)了他們的身體。這種病毒讓他們渴望人肉和/或大腦。病毒也會(huì)使它們的身體退化和腐爛。
到目前為止，一切都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。一切都是可信的。認(rèn)真地。
精神控制類病毒的確存在。這是一種真菌，它會(huì)感染螞蟻，并接管螞蟻的身體。根據(jù)定義，這些螞蟻是喪尸。

而使人肉腐爛的病毒當(dāng)然存在。把精神控制和腐爛肉體的病毒結(jié)合起來(lái)并不是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。在這一點(diǎn)上，仍然完全合理。
科幻小說(shuō)中扯淡的問(wèn)題是發(fā)生在人類被感染之后。
人類有這6個(gè)漂亮的身體系統(tǒng)。它們共同工作，讓你保持活力和功能。但是，你知道如果其中一個(gè)失效了會(huì)發(fā)生什么嗎？

You fucking die.
A disease doesn’t make you invincible. You’re still a living organism. The phrase “walking dead” is some mighty fine bullshit. You can’t walk if you’re dead. You’re fucking dead.
Once one of those systems up there fails, the party’s over. You die, and turn into a sack of skin laying in the dirt.
There’s no halfway point. If one system fails, so do the rest.
Zombies still need food, water, and rest. If they don’t get it, they turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
They puncture a lung, they can’t breathe, and turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
They tear a muscle, they can’t move, die of dehydration, and turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
If they get a small cut, they get whatever myriad of diseases, they turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
If they get a cut, and bleed too much, they die, and turn into a sack of skin and bone laying in the dirt.

你他媽的會(huì)死。
病毒并不能讓你無(wú)敵。你還是一個(gè)活著的有機(jī)體。“行尸走肉”這句話是很好的廢話。如果你死了就不能走路。你他媽的死了。
一旦上面的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，派對(duì)就結(jié)束了。你死了，變成了躺在土里的一袋皮。
沒(méi)有中間節(jié)點(diǎn)。如果一個(gè)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，其他系統(tǒng)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)故障。
喪尸仍然需要食物、水和休息。如果他們得不到，他們就會(huì)變成一袋皮膚和骨頭躺在泥土里。
它們被刺穿肺部，無(wú)法呼吸，變成一袋皮膚和骨頭躺在泥土里。
它們被撕裂肌肉，無(wú)法移動(dòng)，脫水而死，變成一袋皮膚和骨頭躺在泥土里。
如果他們被割了一小口，就會(huì)患上各種各樣的疾病，他們就會(huì)變成一袋皮膚和骨頭，躺在泥土里。
如果它們被割傷，流血過(guò)多，就會(huì)死亡，變成一袋皮膚和骨頭埋在泥土里。

Zombies are basically newborn babies in terms of health. They’re too dumb to understand their health, and totally incapable of helping themselves if they do get injured.
And on top of it all, they have a built-in flesh eating disease that will fuck them up faster than you can say “The concept of zombies is super dumb.”
Afterall, who the fuck thought it was a good idea to add an incredibly deadly disease to an already completely helpless victim?
In a real life zombie apocalypse, the vast majority of infected people would die in a couple days from the flesh eating disease. Those who survived that, would die of dehydration.
Anyone left, would probably trip down a hill, get a small cut, and bleed out because they’re too stupid to perform basic first aid.
Sorry Rick. Zombies are just plain stupid.

就健康狀態(tài)而言，喪尸基本上是新生嬰兒。他們太笨了，無(wú)法理解自己的健康狀況，如果真的受傷了，他們完全無(wú)法自救。
最重要的是，它們有一種天生的食肉病，在你說(shuō)“喪尸的概念超級(jí)愚蠢”之前，食肉病會(huì)更快地把喪尸搞砸。
畢竟，誰(shuí)他媽的認(rèn)為把一種令人難以置信的致命病毒加到一個(gè)已經(jīng)完全無(wú)助的受害者身上是個(gè)好主意？
如果僵尸啟示錄發(fā)生在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，絕大多數(shù)感染者將在幾天內(nèi)死于食肉病。那些幸存下來(lái)的人會(huì)死于脫水。
任何離開(kāi)的人都可能會(huì)從山上絆倒，被割傷，流血不止，因?yàn)樗麄兲苛?，無(wú)法進(jìn)行基本的急救。
對(duì)不起，Rick（《行尸走肉》的主人公）。喪尸這主意簡(jiǎn)直是愚蠢透頂。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Xane Feng
The one thing most science fiction gets wrong, and what a lot of answers here also get wrong, is scale.
First, the most egregious:

大多數(shù)科幻小說(shuō)都有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，這里的很多答案也錯(cuò)了，那就是規(guī)模。
首先，最令人震驚的是：

Spaceships flying so close to each other.
Space is vast, incredibly, almost unfathomably vast. On our tiny speck of a planet, modern naval fleets operate in such a spread out formation, that individual ships cannot see each other visually. So why the hell would space fleets be bunched together like that? The only answer is because it makes a better visual than showing a black screen with a few near-invisible pixels.
Still, a lot of sci-fi settings forget about this, and have their space ships collide with each other. In Starcraft 2, for example, we see Terran battlecruisers crashing into each other after they’re hit by the zerg.

太空飛船飛得如此之近。
太空是巨大的，難以想象的，幾乎是無(wú)法測(cè)量的。在我們這個(gè)小小的星球上，現(xiàn)代海軍艦隊(duì)以如此分散的隊(duì)形作戰(zhàn)，以至于各個(gè)艦艇幾乎無(wú)法用肉眼看到彼此。那么，為什么太空艦隊(duì)會(huì)像這樣被捆綁在一起呢？唯一的答案是因?yàn)樗蕊@示帶有幾個(gè)幾乎看不見(jiàn)像素的黑屏更具視覺(jué)效果。
盡管如此，許多科幻場(chǎng)景還是忘記了這一點(diǎn)，讓他們的太空飛船相互碰撞。例如，在《星際爭(zhēng)霸2》中，我們看到人族戰(zhàn)列巡洋艦被蟲族擊中后互相碰撞。

Second, numbers.
In Warhammer 40k, there are 1 million Space Marines patrolling the Imperium of Man, an empire that spans the entire Milky Way galaxy.
There are 250 billion stars (+/- 150 billion) in the Milky Way. If only 0.01% of them have inhabitable planets colonized by the Imperium, that’s 25 million inhabitable solar systems! How can a mere 1 million Astartes possibly defend that many planets?
In Stargate, the entire might of a Goa’uld system lord consists of maybe a couple of ha’taks and a few hundred to a few thousand Jaffa. Think about that for a moment. A system lord controls multiple inhabitable planets. Add up the military forces of every country on Earth, and that’s just one planet! Even if we take into account that most Goa’uld planets have a medi level of civilization, that is still a gross underestimate of available military power!

第二，數(shù)字。
在戰(zhàn)錘40k中，有100萬(wàn)名太空士兵在人類帝國(guó)巡邏，這是一個(gè)橫跨整個(gè)銀河系的帝國(guó)。
銀河系中有2500億顆恒星（+/-1500億顆）。如果只有0.01%的行星被帝國(guó)殖民，那就是2500萬(wàn)個(gè)可居住的太陽(yáng)系！僅僅100萬(wàn)星際戰(zhàn)士怎么可能保衛(wèi)這么多行星？
在《星際之門》中，Goa'uld系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)主的全部力量可能由幾個(gè)ha'tak和幾百到幾千個(gè)Jaffa組成。想一想。系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)主控制著多個(gè)可居住的行星。把地球上每個(gè)國(guó)家的軍事力量加起來(lái)，這只是一個(gè)星球的力量！即使我們考慮到大多數(shù)Goa’uld星球都只有中世紀(jì)的文明水平，這仍然是對(duì)可用軍事力量的嚴(yán)重低估！

Third, cultural diversity.
Think Star Trek. On average, how many cultures does Kirk encounter per alien planet? One. Now think about how many different cultures exist on our planet.
Why do ALL klingons, an empire that spans dozens of solar systems, have the same warrior culture? Hell, why does even the Starfleet have such a uniform culture?
Star Wars is better, but even then grossly over represents the human species. Think about how many Jedi are human and how many are not. Logically, for a galaxy-spanning civilization, humans should account for a tiny percentage of Jedis, and that would already place them in a prominent position. That about 50% of Jedis are human means either humans are some kind of Jedi master race, or the Jedi academy has serious racial (speciesial?) discrimination problems.
Fourth, planet-destroying weapons.

第三，文化多樣性。
想想《星際迷航》吧。平均而言， 柯克 在每個(gè)外星星球上會(huì)遇到多少種文化？現(xiàn)在想想我們這個(gè)星球上有多少不同的文化。
為什么所有的克林貢人，一個(gè)跨越數(shù)十個(gè)太陽(yáng)系的帝國(guó)的種族，都有同樣的戰(zhàn)士文化？該死，為什么連星際艦隊(duì)都有這么統(tǒng)一的文化？
《星球大戰(zhàn)》好一些，但即便如此，它也嚴(yán)重過(guò)度代表了人類物種。想想有多少絕地武士是人類，有多少不是。從邏輯上講，對(duì)于一個(gè)跨越銀河系的文明來(lái)說(shuō)，人類應(yīng)該占絕地武士的一小部分，而這已經(jīng)是將他們置于顯赫地位。大約50%的絕地武士是人類，這意味著要么人類是某種絕地大師種族，要么絕地學(xué)院有嚴(yán)重的種族歧視問(wèn)題。

A single, manhattan-sized asteroid could probably wipe all life from Earth. A million such asteroids would not be able to destroy the planet itself.
So the question is, why the hell would anyone bother with physically destroying a planet, when it would be so much easier to just wipe out all surface life?

第四，毀滅地球的武器。
一顆曼哈頓大小的小行星可能會(huì)把地球上的所有生命都抹去。但即使一百萬(wàn)顆這樣的小行星也將無(wú)法摧毀地球本身。
所以問(wèn)題是，為什么有人會(huì)費(fèi)心物理摧毀一個(gè)星球，而不是僅僅消滅所有地表生物，這樣不是容易得多？

Gregg Eshelman
The size of planets. Earth and planets like it, of similar size, are HUGE. They have massive amounts of surface area.
Yet time after time in science fiction, in visual and print, they get it laughably wrong on population density. There have been many depictions of planets totally covered with buildings, always super tall or with the entire world covered with what amounts to solid, continuous building. For example, Trantor, the galactic capital in Isaac Asimov’s “Foundation” series.
Utterly, horrifically, wrong on every level.

行星的大小。地球和類似大小的行星都很龐大。它們有大量的表面積。
然而，在科幻小說(shuō)、影視作品和印刷作品中，他們一次又一次地搞錯(cuò)了人口密度。有很多關(guān)于行星被建筑物完全覆蓋的描述，建筑物總是超高的，或者整個(gè)世界被堅(jiān)固的、連續(xù)的建筑物所覆蓋。例如，艾薩克·阿西莫夫的“基地”系列中的銀河之都特蘭托。
可怕的是，在各個(gè)層面上都是錯(cuò)誤的。

Toma? Vargazon
The enormous ease of a galaxy-wide government.
Consider our own predicament here on Earth. We have local and national governments and larger countries have something in between, like federal states, subjects or provinces. To unify an entire continent you need another layer of government (EU is a prime example) and to unify a planet you need another layer on top of that.
Then you’d need one more layer just to govern a colonized, developed star sytem, one more to administer a cluster of star systems and another two layers or more before you can hope to reach the pinnacle, the Emperor or what have you.

銀河系政府的管理也太容易了。
想想我們?cè)诘厍蛏系睦Ь?。我們有地方政府和?guó)家政府，而更大的國(guó)家也有介于兩者之間的東西，比如聯(lián)邦州、州或省。要統(tǒng)一整個(gè)大陸，你需要另一層政府（歐盟是一個(gè)重要例子），而要統(tǒng)一一個(gè)星球，你需要在這之上再加一層政府。
然后，你需要再多一層政府，來(lái)管理其他的外星殖民地的、發(fā)達(dá)的恒星系統(tǒng)，再多一層去管理一個(gè)恒星系統(tǒng)集群，再加上兩層或更多層，你才能達(dá)到頂峰，像皇帝一樣，擁有一切。

Angelo Mordasini
Alien planets: for some reason, sci-fi believes that if there is liquid water, then OF COURSE life will be there. they hardly take into account millions of other factors that could make a planet completely unlivable. “the earth is gone to bits, but luckily we found a planet which is about as far from the sun, rocky and with water so we can live on it”. no way, it’s not that easy at all.
Space warfare: why in hell, with such technology, people are still supposed to aim by hands? modern aircraft already have automatic aiming equipment, why can’t ships?
Aliens: while some movies do make an effort to be original, most of sci-fi is awfully locked on humanoid aliens. there is an infinite number of evolutionary possibilities and infinite conditions for life. why would a species develop with the same number of limbs and the same number and kind of sense organs? even concepts as simple as “mouth” are not to be granted at all when speaking about an alien.
Space travel: for some reason, traveling from anywhere to anywhere else always takes a couple hours tops. at lightspeed, a couple hours would not even lead us outside of our solar system. space is huge. even at a speed of 100 times the speed of light, reaching the nearest star would take weeks.
Communication: yeah, radios and satellites work well. but how come that people in sci-fi movies can talk like if they were on the phone while at lightyears of distance? signal would need to travel from hours to hundreds of thousands of years across a number of disturbances of any kind before reaching the receiver. no way it would be direct. and fast enough for a conversation. maybe on extremely close ranges. but even moving the mars rover requires about 30 minutes of delay, with big amounts of time in which the channel is obstructed.

1、外星行星：出于某種原因，科幻小說(shuō)認(rèn)為，如果有液態(tài)水，那么生命必然會(huì)存在。他們幾乎沒(méi)有考慮到數(shù)百萬(wàn)其他因素，這些因素可能會(huì)使一個(gè)星球完全無(wú)法生存?！暗厍蛞呀?jīng)支離破碎，但幸運(yùn)的是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆離太陽(yáng)差不多遠(yuǎn)的行星，巖石密布，有水，我們可以在上面生活”。不可能，這一點(diǎn)都不容易。
2、太空戰(zhàn)：為什么當(dāng)技術(shù)達(dá)到了那樣的地步，人們?nèi)匀灰檬置闇?zhǔn)？現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)已經(jīng)有了自動(dòng)瞄準(zhǔn)設(shè)備，為什么飛船不能呢？
3、外星人：雖然有些電影確實(shí)力求原創(chuàng)，但大部分科幻電影都緊緊圍繞著人形外星人。生命有無(wú)限的進(jìn)化可能和無(wú)限的條件。為什么一個(gè)物種會(huì)發(fā)展出相同數(shù)量的四肢和相同數(shù)量和種類的感覺(jué)器官？在談?wù)撏庑侨藭r(shí)，即使是像“嘴”這樣簡(jiǎn)單的概念也根本不應(yīng)該。
4、太空旅行：出于某種原因，從任何地方到任何其他地方旅行都需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)。在光速下，幾個(gè)小時(shí)甚至無(wú)法將我們帶出太陽(yáng)系?？臻g很大。即使以100倍于光速的速度，到達(dá)最近的恒星也需要數(shù)周的時(shí)間。
5、通訊：是的，無(wú)線電和衛(wèi)星工作得很好。但是，科幻電影中的人們?cè)诠饽曛馔ㄔ?，怎么能像打電話一樣呢？信?hào)在到達(dá)接收器之前，需要經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)小時(shí)到數(shù)十萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間，跨越各種干擾。不可能是直接的。而且足夠快，可以進(jìn)行對(duì)話?？赡茉诜浅＝姆秶鷥?nèi)。但即使是移動(dòng)火星車也需要大約30分鐘的延遲時(shí)間，其中通道被阻塞的時(shí)間非常長(zhǎng)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Harlan Williams
Stasis.
Last year I had to go in for a colon screening. Prior to the procedure, I had to drink two quarts of a powerful laxative solution, and could only eat clear liquids (jello, broth) for two days before.
It seems to me that people about to be put to sleep for a long space journey should have to make the same preparations; you can't let that waste just sit in your system. On top of that just because you are asleep doesn't mean you don't have to wee…you never see anyone put on a urinary catheter in these space pods--they just pop in, close their eyes and they're out. Not realistic.
Upon arrival, people should need to do some grooming. Your hair and nails will continue to grow--you could have some serious talons and gargoyle feet by the time you get there. And I mean ALL your hair. Everything will need some landscaping.

靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。
去年我不得不去做結(jié)腸篩查。手術(shù)前，我必須喝兩夸脫強(qiáng)力瀉藥，之前兩天只能吃液體（果凍、肉湯）。
在我看來(lái)，人們?cè)诼L(zhǎng)的太空旅行中即將入睡，也應(yīng)該做同樣的準(zhǔn)備；你不能讓排泄物留在你的身體里。最重要的是，僅僅因?yàn)槟闼耍⒉灰馕吨悴槐啬蚰颉銖膩?lái)沒(méi)有看到任何人在這些太空艙里插上導(dǎo)尿管——他們只是突然進(jìn)來(lái)，閉上眼睛，然后就出來(lái)了。不現(xiàn)實(shí)。
到達(dá)后，人們應(yīng)該需要做一些美容。你的頭發(fā)和指甲會(huì)繼續(xù)長(zhǎng)——你到那里的時(shí)候可能會(huì)有一些危險(xiǎn)的爪子和滴水獸腳。還有你的頭發(fā)。一切都需要打理一下。