More than 90% of hand carwashes in UK employing workers illegally, study finds
-Only 7% had undertaken right-to-work checks and just 11% handed out payslips, Nottingham Trent University research reveals

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)90%以上的人工洗車店非法雇傭工人
——諾丁漢特倫特大學(xué)的研究顯示，只有7%的人進(jìn)行了工作權(quán)利調(diào)查，只有11%的人發(fā)放了工資單


(Surprise inspections of 36 carwashes found only 7% could prove legal employment rights were being upheld.)

（對(duì)36家洗車店的突擊檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有7%的洗車店能夠證明他們維護(hù)了合法的就業(yè)權(quán)利。）
新聞：

More than 90% of hand carwashes are likely to be employing workers illegally, without proper pay, records and first aid measures, three years after the government backed a voluntary scheme to tackle abuse in the sector.

三年前，政府支持了一項(xiàng)解決該行業(yè)虐待問(wèn)題的自愿計(jì)劃，超過(guò)90%的人工洗車店可能非法雇傭工人，沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)墓べY、記錄和急救措施。

Surprise inspections of carwashes in Leicester, Suffolk and Norfolk found only 7% had undertaken right-to-work checks, a legal obligation, or could prove that legal employment rights were being upheld.

在萊斯特、薩?？撕椭Z?？藢?duì)洗車場(chǎng)的突擊檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有7%的洗車店通過(guò)了工作權(quán)利檢查——這是一項(xiàng)法律義務(wù)，或者可以證明合法的就業(yè)權(quán)利得到了維護(hù)。

The research was carried out by Nottingham Trent University in partnership with the government-backed Responsible Car Wash Scheme (RCWS) and the Home Office’s modern slavery prevention fund.

這項(xiàng)研究由諾丁漢特倫特大學(xué)與政府支持的“負(fù)責(zé)任洗車項(xiàng)目”和內(nèi)政部的現(xiàn)代奴隸制預(yù)防基金合作開展。

Only 6% of the carwashes had written contracts with workers while just 11% handed out payslips so that they could prove they were paying the legal minimum wage, holiday pay or sick pay. Less than half (41%) were registered companies, indicating most are not registered with the tax authorities.

只有6%的洗車店與工人簽訂了用工合同，只有11%的人發(fā)放了工資單，以證明他們支付了法定的最低工資、假期工資或病假工資。不到一半（41%）是注冊(cè)公司，這表明大多數(shù)洗車店沒(méi)有在稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)注冊(cè)。

The 36 businesses visited for the study this year were not warned about the inspections and were identified partly using a tool to locate neighbourhoods likely to host non-compliant businesses developed by the Nottingham Trent team as well as through police intelligence.

今年的研究走訪的36家洗車店沒(méi)有收到有關(guān)檢查的警告，部分是通過(guò)諾丁漢特倫特團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的一種定位可能存在違規(guī)企業(yè)的社區(qū)的工具以及警方情報(bào)確定的。

Teresa Sayers, the managing director of the RCWS, said she had visited more than 150 carwashes over the last few years and the study was “representative of the picture” across the UK. “This is endemic,” she said.

“負(fù)責(zé)任洗車項(xiàng)目”的主管特蕾莎·塞耶斯說(shuō)，在過(guò)去幾年里，她走訪了150多家洗車店，這項(xiàng)研究在英國(guó)“具有代表性”?！斑@是地方病，”她說(shuō)。

“It is quite shocking. Even though I have seen so many carwashes I was taken aback by how upfront these operators [in the study] were [about illegal practices] as they were so confident they were not going to be challenged.”

“這很令人震驚。盡管我看過(guò)很多洗車場(chǎng)，但我還是被這些（研究包含的）經(jīng)營(yíng)者（對(duì)非法行為）如此坦率的態(tài)度嚇了一跳，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)绱俗孕潘麄儾粫?huì)受到挑戰(zhàn)。”

Sayers called on the government to implement local or regional licensing schemes for carwashes based on the RCWS’s code of practice, enforced by better sharing of data and obxtives between oversight agencies which include HMRC, which is responsible for monitoring payment of the national minimum wage, and the Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority, which acts to protect vulnerable workers.

塞耶斯呼吁政府根據(jù)“負(fù)責(zé)任洗車項(xiàng)目”的行為準(zhǔn)則實(shí)施本地或區(qū)域洗車許可計(jì)劃，并在監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)之間更好地共享數(shù)據(jù)和目標(biāo)，其中包括負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督國(guó)家最低工資支付的英國(guó)稅務(wù)局和負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)弱勢(shì)工人的工頭和勞工濫用管理局。

Sayers said only a “very, very small percentage” of the estimated 5,000 hand carwashes in the UK, which are thought to employ at least 15,000 people, had signed up to the voluntary good practice scheme she oversees, which was set up in 2018 in an effort to improve conditions in the sector.

塞耶斯說(shuō)，在英國(guó)估計(jì)有5000家人工洗車店中，只有“非常非常小的比例”簽署了她監(jiān)督的自愿良好實(shí)踐計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃于2018年設(shè)立，旨在改善該行業(yè)的條件。這些人工洗車店被認(rèn)為至少雇用了1.5萬(wàn)人。
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She said: “Good operators say they want to operate fairly, but they can’t afford to do so as [they are] going to be undercut by the business across the road or around the corner.”

她表示：“好的經(jīng)營(yíng)者表示，他們也希望公平經(jīng)營(yíng)，但他們承擔(dān)不起這樣做的代價(jià)，因?yàn)椋ㄋ麄儯⒈获R路對(duì)面或街角的同行搶走生意?！?/b>

Sayers said oversight was fragmented and operators realised they were rarely at risk of inspection, with any action likely to be over quickly allowing them to return to poor practice.

塞耶斯說(shuō)，監(jiān)管是分散的，運(yùn)營(yíng)商意識(shí)到他們很少有被檢查的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，且任何行動(dòng)都可能很快結(jié)束，讓他們回到糟糕的做法。

Margaret Beels, the director of labour market enforcement, a government role created in 2017 to help coordinate oversight of treatment of workers in the UK, said the range of issues found within carwashes required “a joined up approach – including engagement with local authorities, since there can be environmental issues as well as employment concerns associated with hand carwashes”.

英國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)執(zhí)法局局長(zhǎng)（2017年設(shè)立的一個(gè)政府職位，旨在幫助協(xié)調(diào)對(duì)英國(guó)工人待遇的監(jiān)管）瑪格麗特·比爾斯表示，洗車業(yè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一系列問(wèn)題需要“采取聯(lián)合措施——包括與地方當(dāng)局合作，因?yàn)槿斯は窜嚇I(yè)可能存在環(huán)境問(wèn)題和就業(yè)問(wèn)題”。

She said: “Evidence suggests that a broad range of noncompliance is prent in the hand carwash sector, mostly lower levels of labour market noncompliance and exploitation, though instances of modern slavery and human trafficking have been found. Underpayment of the minimum wage is a recurrent issue.”

她說(shuō)：“有證據(jù)表明，洗車行業(yè)普遍存在廣泛的不合規(guī)行為，其中大多數(shù)是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)較低水平的不合規(guī)和剝削行為，但也發(fā)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代奴隸制和人口販賣的情況。支付低于最低工資是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性的問(wèn)題?！?/b>

The latest findings on continuing poor treatment of workers in carwashes come after the government in early 2019 rejected the idea of a national licensing scheme for the sector.

在2019年初政府否決了對(duì)該行業(yè)實(shí)施全國(guó)許可計(jì)劃的想法之后，有關(guān)洗車工人待遇持續(xù)惡劣的最新調(diào)查結(jié)果出爐了。

A parliamentary report by the environmental audit committee had called for a licensing scheme after it held an inquiry that heard evidence on exploitation of workers and environmental concerns, but the government rejected the idea in favour of more support for the then regional, voluntary RCWS.

環(huán)境審計(jì)委員會(huì)的一份議會(huì)報(bào)告在舉行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，聽取了關(guān)于剝削工人和環(huán)境問(wèn)題的證據(jù)后，呼吁制定許可證計(jì)劃，但政府拒絕了這一贊成更多地支持當(dāng)時(shí)的區(qū)域性自愿“負(fù)責(zé)任洗車項(xiàng)目”的想法。

A government spokesperson said: “Illegal working undercuts honest employers, puts vulnerable migrants at risk of exploitation, cheats legitimate job seekers out of employment and defrauds the public purse. Tackling this damaging crime is a key government priority, which is why we continue to work with law enforcement agencies to tackle illegal migration in all its forms.

一位政府發(fā)言人說(shuō)：“非法工作損害了誠(chéng)實(shí)的雇主的利益，使脆弱的移民面臨被剝削的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，欺騙合法求職者的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，騙取公共資金。打擊這種破壞性犯罪是政府的首要任務(wù)，這就是為什么我們繼續(xù)與執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)合作，打擊各種形式的非法移民。

“Our Nationality and Borders Act will ensure the system is fair to those in genuine need and firm on those who seek to abuse it.”

“我們的《國(guó)籍與邊境法案》將確保移民制度對(duì)真正需要的人公平，并堅(jiān)決打擊那些試圖濫用移民制度的人?！?br />