為什么中國對埃隆·馬斯克如此友好？ 除了他的 FDI，中國還能得到什么？

Shannon Fu
I have visited more than half of China.Upvoted by Matthew Clemons , lives in The United States of America (2000-present) and T.R TOM , lives in China (1983-present)upxed 1y

傅香農(nóng)
我想給你講個故事。
這個故事的名字是《天哪，在德國建特斯拉工廠太難了。》
2017年，特斯拉Model 3量產(chǎn)，結(jié)束了特斯拉瘋狂燒錢、不盈利的時代。

In the following two years, huge production pressure has been plagued Tesla.
If the production capacity is not increased, the profit will not be increased.
Because it burned too much money when doing research and development in the past, Tesla's debt interest was an astronomical figure every day.
If the profit cannot cover the interest, then Tesla will be in a state of continuous loss.
So the wonders in human history appeared.
On the one hand, product supply is in short supply, on the other hand, Tesla’s capital chain is on the verge of collapse and may fall into a debt crisis at any time.
As long as the production capacity can be increased, all problems will be solved, but the production capacity cannot be increased.

隨后兩年，巨大的生產(chǎn)壓力一直困擾著特斯拉。
如果產(chǎn)能不增加，也就代表利潤不增加。
因為過去做研發(fā)的時候太燒錢了，特斯拉每天的債務(wù)利息都是天文數(shù)字。
如果利潤無法覆蓋利息，那么特斯拉將處于持續(xù)虧損的狀態(tài)。
于是，出現(xiàn)了人類歷史上這樣的奇景。
一方面產(chǎn)品供不應(yīng)求，另一方面特斯拉的資金鏈瀕臨崩潰，隨時可能陷入債務(wù)危機。
只要能提高產(chǎn)能，一切問題都將迎刃而解，但問題在于，產(chǎn)能不能提高。

In 2018, Musk came to China and tried to use China's speed to build a super factory to expand production capacity for Tesla.
In just three months, Musk had reached an agreement with Shanghai.
Shanghai provided Tesla with a huge piece of land at a price of 10% for the construction of a factory, and at the same time provided 18.5 billion yuan in loans for Tesla, which is in short supply, with an annualized interest rate as low as 3.9%.
These two conditions are equivalent to sending money to Tesla, but Shanghai is not losing money.
Because Musk promised in the agreement that starting from 2023, Tesla's Shanghai Gigafactory will pay no less than RMB 2.23 billion in taxes to China every year, otherwise Tesla will return the land.

2018年，馬斯克來到中國，試圖用中國速度建設(shè)超級工廠，為特斯拉擴大產(chǎn)能。
短短三個月，馬斯克就與上海達成了協(xié)議。
上海以10%的價格為特斯拉提供大塊土地用于建廠，同時為供不應(yīng)求的特斯拉提供185億元貸款，年化利率低至 3.9%。
這兩個條件相當(dāng)于給特斯拉送錢，但上海也不賠錢。
因為馬斯克在協(xié)議中承諾，從2023年開始，特斯拉上海超級工廠每年向中國繳納不少于22.3億元人民幣的稅款，否則特斯拉將退還土地。

After signing the agreement, Musk learned what China speed is.
In October 2018, the agreement was officially signed.
In December 2018, all land has been leveled and all construction units have entered the site.
In January 2019, Tesla's Shanghai Factory officially started construction.
In November 2019, the Tesla Shanghai Factory was completed and all equipment was installed in place.
One month after commissioning, the assembly line was officially launched, and the entire factory began to run wildly.

簽署協(xié)議后，馬斯克才知道什么是中國速度。
2018年10月，協(xié)議正式簽署。
2018年12月，土地全部平整完畢，施工單位全部進場。
2019年1月，特斯拉上海工廠正式開工建設(shè)。
2019年11月，特斯拉上海工廠落成，所有設(shè)備安裝到位。
調(diào)試一個月后，流水線正式上線，整個工廠開始瘋狂運轉(zhuǎn)。

From the signing of the agreement to the completion of the factory, it took only one year, of which the construction period was only 10 months, far less than the 2-year construction period planned by Musk.
This is simply a miracle.
Since the sale of the first car at Tesla's Shanghai factory, Tesla's profits have exceeded interest expenses, and Tesla no longer has the pressure to break the capital chain.
To celebrate this historic moment, Musk even danced happily in public.

從協(xié)議簽訂到工廠建成，僅用了一年時間，其中工期僅10個月，遠低于馬斯克計劃的2年工期。
這簡直就是奇跡。
自從特斯拉上海工廠銷售第一輛汽車后，特斯拉的利潤已經(jīng)超過了利息支出，特斯拉不再有資金鏈斷裂的壓力。
為了慶祝這一歷史性時刻，馬斯克甚至當(dāng)眾開心地手舞足蹈。

The Chinese factory is the first overseas super factory set up by Tesla, and it helped Musk solve a huge problem.
After a person tastes the sweetness, the first reaction is of course to copy his own past success.
Therefore, Musk decided to build a second overseas super factory.
This time, he chose Germany, the center of European automobile manufacturing.

中國工廠是特斯拉在海外設(shè)立的第一家超級工廠，幫助馬斯克解決了一個巨大的難題。
一個人嘗到甜頭后，第一反應(yīng)當(dāng)然是復(fù)制自己過去的成功。
因此，馬斯克決定在海外建設(shè)第二家超級工廠。
這一次，他選擇了歐洲汽車制造中心德國。

Then, he was slapped in the face severely.
In November 2019, the month when Tesla's Shanghai factory was fully completed, Musk announced that it would build a super factory in Germany.
The site is located in Grunheide in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, only 24 miles from Berlin.
The government officials of Brandenburg welcome Tesla very much, because it will bring huge taxes and tens of thousands of job opportunities to the local area.
It can also bring hundreds of thousands of related jobs through the industry chain.
The benefits are too much. So they sold a 300 hectare plot of land to Tesla.
China built the Tesla Gigafactory in just 10 months?
Brandenburg State Minister of Economic Affairs J?rg Steinbach said:
"The Tesla team here is determined to beat the team in China, in a few weeks."
It seems that everything is developing in a better direction.
As a result, Musk did not expect that this was the beginning of a nightmare.
The land that Tesla took was ordinary, but it was not abandoned, and some artificial economic forests were planted on it.

然后，他的臉被狠狠地打了一巴掌。
2019年11月，特斯拉上海工廠全面竣工當(dāng)月，馬斯克宣布將在德國建設(shè)超級工廠。
該場地位于德國東部勃蘭登堡州的格倫海德，距離柏林僅 24 英里。
勃蘭登堡州的政府官員非常歡迎特斯拉，因為它會給當(dāng)?shù)貛砭揞~稅收和數(shù)以萬計的就業(yè)機會。
它還可以通過產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈帶來數(shù)十萬個相關(guān)工作崗位。
好處太多了。 因此，他們將 300 公頃的土地賣給了特斯拉。
中國僅用10個月建成特斯拉超級工廠？
勃蘭登堡州經(jīng)濟事務(wù)部長 J?rg Steinbach 說：
“這里的特斯拉團隊決心在幾周內(nèi)擊敗中國團隊?！?br /> 似乎一切都在朝著更好的方向發(fā)展。
結(jié)果，馬斯克沒想到這是噩夢的開始。
特斯拉拿的土地很普通，但并沒有被廢棄，上面還種植了一些人工經(jīng)濟林。

After acquiring the land, first level the ground, that is, cut down these economic forests, and then cause trouble.
Environmentalists immediately came out to protest and took Tesla to court, saying that these trees cannot be cut down.
The man-made economic forest is also forest.
How could Tesla cut it casually? This is a serious damage to the local ecological environment.
After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to replant more than three times the economic forest in other places, and finally settled the matter.
Then can the land be leveled?
Of course not.

拿到土地后，先把地平了，也就是把這些經(jīng)濟林砍掉，結(jié)果卻惹來了是非。
環(huán)保人士立馬出來抗議，將特斯拉告上法庭，稱這些樹不能砍。
人工經(jīng)濟林也是森林，特斯拉怎么能隨便砍？ 這是對當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的嚴重破壞。
經(jīng)過反復(fù)交涉，特斯拉承諾在其他地方補種三倍以上的經(jīng)濟林，最終將此事塵埃落定。
那么地能平嗎？
當(dāng)然不行。

Environmentalists also found that the Tesla Gigafactory consumes about 3.6 million cubic meters of water each year, which accounts for 30% of the local water supply.
Therefore, environmentalists say that the establishment of the Tesla factory will seriously consume the local water reserves.
And held a protest demonstration on January 18.
It seems that Tesla uses a lot of water, but there are actually only 8,700 residents in the area, and the Tesla factory alone has 12,000 employees in production.
Using 30% of the water does not seem excessive.
Not to mention that this is production water, not domestic water.
On the contrary, those 8,700 residents want 70% of the water, which I personally think is a bit too much.

環(huán)保人士還發(fā)現(xiàn)，特斯拉超級工廠每年消耗約360萬立方米的水，占當(dāng)?shù)毓┧康?0%。
因此，環(huán)保人士表示，特斯拉工廠的建立將嚴重消耗當(dāng)?shù)氐乃Y源儲備。
并于1月18日舉行抗議示威。
看似特斯拉用水量很大，但實際上該地區(qū)居民只有8700人，僅特斯拉工廠就有12000名員工從事生產(chǎn)。
使用30%的水似乎并不過分。
更何況這是生產(chǎn)用水，不是生活用水。
相反，我個人倒是覺得那8700個居民用70%的水有點過分了。

But it doesn't make sense, because the topic of water resources is regarded by some local political parties as an excellent opportunity to get the attention and votes, and they don't care whether Tesla is dead or not.
Christian Rechholz, chairman of the German Eco-Democratic Party, delivered a speech in various media, claiming that he was very disappointed with the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology:
"This confirms our biggest worry. Now there are even more land that will be poured with concrete without submitting an application. Tesla is trying to realize its own interests at the expense of European taxpayers. The protection of water, people, and nature is slowly disappearing like the rule of law!” “How can Peter Altmaier (the current German Minister of Economy) ignore the concerns of Brandenburg citizens about drinking water and nature reserves and let this family American companies have once again "temporarily started construction" at their own risk? We should not forget that their electric car factory has not yet obtained the final construction permit." "With the addition of the world's largest battery factory, Brandon Fort and Berlin will eventually become dry land. You cannot simply sacrifice our precious drinking water for profit. This huge fanaticism is threatening people and nature."

但雙方還是沒能達成溝通，因為水資源話題被一些地方政黨視為獲得關(guān)注和選票的絕佳機會，他們才不管特斯拉死不死。
德國生態(tài)民主黨主席克里斯蒂安·雷克霍爾茲在多家媒體發(fā)表講話，聲稱對德國聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟和技術(shù)部感到非常失望：
“這證實了我們最大的擔(dān)憂：現(xiàn)在還有更多土地沒提交申請就被澆上了混凝土。特斯拉試圖以犧牲歐洲納稅人的利益來實現(xiàn)自己的利益。
對水、人和自然的保護正在像法治一樣慢慢消失！”
“彼得·阿爾特邁爾（現(xiàn)任德國經(jīng)濟部長）怎么能無視勃蘭登堡市民對飲用水和自然保護區(qū)的擔(dān)憂，讓這家美國企業(yè)再次“臨時開工”，自擔(dān)風(fēng)險？我們不應(yīng)忘記，他們的電動車工廠還沒有拿到最終的施工許可?！?
“隨著世界上最大的電池工廠的入駐，布蘭登堡和柏林最終將變成一片旱地。
你不能簡單地為了利益就犧牲我們寶貴的飲用水。這種(對經(jīng)濟的)巨大狂熱正在威脅著人類和自然?！?/b>
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處