A Venezuelan migrant watches the boat he hopes to take across the Gulf of Urabá once he gets enough money together for the trip. Carlos Villalon for NPR

卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道一名委內(nèi)瑞拉移民看著穿越烏拉巴灣的船，他希望在籌集到足夠的錢后乘船。

NECOCLí, Colombia — The wharf in this town on Colombia's Caribbean coast used to be packed with migrants from all over the world boarding boats to take them across the bay to the start of the Darien Jungle.

內(nèi)科克利（NECOCLí）-這個位于哥倫比亞加勒比海岸的小鎮(zhèn)的碼頭曾經(jīng)擠滿了來自世界各地的移民，他們乘船穿過海灣，前往達(dá)里恩(Darien Jungle)叢林的起點。

A thick, roadless patch of rainforest on Colombia's border with Panama, the Darien Jungle has become a harrowing passageway for hundreds of thousands of people headed for the United States without a visa to enter.
But this flow of migrants has started to abate.

達(dá)里恩叢林(Darien Jungle)位于哥倫比亞與巴拿馬的邊境，是一片茂密的、沒有道路的熱帶雨林，它已經(jīng)成為成千上萬沒有簽證就前往美國的人的痛苦之路。
但這股移民潮已經(jīng)開始減弱。

Migrants primarily from Venezuela are on a beach in the town of Necoclí, Colombia. They will stay until they come up with the $350 it costs for a boat ride across the Gulf of Urabá to the Colombian town of Acandí. Carlos Villalon for NPR

主要來自委內(nèi)瑞拉的移民在哥倫比亞內(nèi)科克利（Necoclí）鎮(zhèn)的一個海灘上。他們將一直呆在這里，直到他們湊夠350美元的費用，乘船穿越烏拉巴海灣，到達(dá)哥倫比亞的阿坎迪鎮(zhèn)（Acandí）?？逅?維拉隆（Carlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

Last month, the Biden administration replaced pandemic-era border restrictions with new rules for entering the U.S. that are, in some ways, tougher on migrants. Now, those caught entering the U.S. without a visa could face criminal prosecution and a five-year ban from reentering the country. Those seeking asylum must first prove they were denied asylum in a country they traveled through on their way to the U.S.
U.N. officials tell NPR that before the new rules took hold on May 11, between 1,000 and 1,500 migrants were crossing the Darien Jungle every day. Now, they say, that number has dropped to between 500 and 700.

上個月，拜登政府用新的入境規(guī)定取代了新冠疫情時期的邊境限制，在某些方面，這些規(guī)定對移民更加嚴(yán)厲。現(xiàn)在，那些沒有簽證進(jìn)入美國的人可能面臨刑事起訴和五年內(nèi)禁止入境的禁令。那些尋求庇護(hù)的人必須首先證明他們被在前往美國的途中所經(jīng)過的國家所拒絕庇護(hù)。
聯(lián)合國官員告訴美國國家公共廣播電臺，在5月11日新規(guī)定生效之前，每天有1000至1500名移民穿梭在達(dá)里恩叢林?，F(xiàn)在，他們說這個數(shù)字已經(jīng)下降到500到700之間。

Natalie Vásquez, who manages one of the main ferry services in Necoclí, immediately felt the impact. She says her ticket sales to boat passengers heading to the Darien have dropped by half.
"The reduction started right on May 11," she says.
The changes are also visible on Necoclí's waterfront. It used to be packed with migrants, who couldn't afford hotels, camping out in tents as they prepared to cross the jungle. Now, most of the tents are gone and tourists have reclaimed the sandy beaches.

娜塔莉·巴斯克斯（Natalie Vásquez）管理著內(nèi)科克利的一家主要渡輪服務(wù)公司，她立即感受到了這種影響。她說，她所售出的前往達(dá)里恩河的的船票從5月11日就開始減少，已經(jīng)減少了一半。
這些變化在內(nèi)科克利的海濱也很明顯。這里曾經(jīng)擠滿了住不起旅館的移民，他們在帳篷里露營，準(zhǔn)備穿越叢林?，F(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)帳篷都不見了，游客們已經(jīng)開墾了沙灘。

A view of the Necoclí beach where mainly Venezuelan migrants are staying. Carlos Villalon for NPR

委內(nèi)瑞拉移民居住的內(nèi)科克利Necoclí海灘的景色。
卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

A Venezuelan girl collects water from a fountain in the town of Necoclí. Carlos Villalon for NPR

一個委內(nèi)瑞拉女孩在內(nèi)科克利鎮(zhèn)的一個噴泉中取水。
卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

At a shop in the town center, Edis Quintero is trying to hawk secondhand winter jackets, sweaters and roller suitcases he purchased from migrants who needed cash and wanted to lighten their loads for the jungle. But on a recent afternoon, Quintero had no customers.
Another merchant, Javier Soto, who sells rubber boots, flashlights and portable stoves to jungle-bound migrants, says his sales had been booming but, in recent weeks, suddenly dropped off. He adds: "The town seems empty."

在市中心的一家商店里，埃迪斯-金特羅（Edis Quintero）正試圖兜售他從移民那里購買的二手冬季夾克、毛衣和滾筒行李箱，這些移民需要現(xiàn)金，并且減輕他們在叢林中的前行的負(fù)重。但在最近的一個下午，金特羅完全沒有顧客。
另一位向叢林移民出售膠靴、手電筒和便攜式爐灶的商人哈維爾·索托(Javier Soto)說，他的銷售額一直很好，但最近幾周突然下降了。他補充道:“這個小鎮(zhèn)似乎空無一人?！?/b>

But this lull may be temporary because the factors driving migration are getting worse across much of South America, says César Zú?iga, who is in charge of emergency management for the Necoclí town government.

但是內(nèi)科克利鎮(zhèn)政府負(fù)責(zé)應(yīng)急管理的塞薩爾-蘇尼加（César Zú?iga）說，但這種平靜可能是暫時的，因為推動移民的因素在南美洲大部分地區(qū)越來越糟糕。

Venezuela remains mired in an economic crisis that has prompted more than 7 million people to flee the country since 2015. Ecuador is plagued by gang violence and drug-related crime while in Peru, the arrest of former President Pedro Castillo led to months of protests that paralyzed the economy.
As a result, Zú?iga says: "We are preparing for another surge in migrants."
Although their numbers are down, there remains a steady flow of migrants through Necoclí.

委內(nèi)瑞拉仍然深陷經(jīng)濟危機，自2015年以來，已有700多萬人逃離該國。厄瓜多爾深受幫派暴力和毒品犯罪的困擾，而在秘魯，前總統(tǒng)佩德羅·卡斯蒂略(Pedro Castillo)被捕引發(fā)了持續(xù)數(shù)月的抗議活動，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟癱瘓。
因此，蘇尼加（Zú?iga）說："我們正在準(zhǔn)備迎接移民的再次激增"。
雖然他們的人數(shù)有所下降，但仍有穩(wěn)定的移民流經(jīng)內(nèi)科克利。

Migrants, most from Venezuela, board a boat that will take them to the towns of either Acandí or Capurganá, depending on which route they choose to cross in the Darien Jungle. Carlos Villalon for NPR

大多數(shù)來自委內(nèi)瑞拉的移民登上一艘船，這艘船將把他們帶到阿坎迪（Acandí）或卡普爾加納（capurgan）鎮(zhèn)，這取決于他們在達(dá)里恩叢林中選擇哪條路線。
卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

On the wharf on a recent morning, boat passengers strapped on life jackets, wrapped their luggage in plastic, gulped water and bought last-minute food supplies. Most are migrants from Venezuela but there's a smattering of Africans, Chinese, Ecuadorians and Haitians.

最近一個早晨，在碼頭上，船客們穿上救生衣，用塑料袋包裹行李，大口喝水，并購買最后一刻的食品供應(yīng)。大多數(shù)是來自委內(nèi)瑞拉的移民，但也有一些非洲人、中國人、厄瓜多爾人和海地人。

They're a nervous bunch because the most daunting part of their journey lies just ahead. They'll spend up to a week on foot hiking through the Darien Jungle to the first village on the Panamanian side of the border.

他們非常緊張，因為他們旅程中最艱巨的部分就在前方。他們將花一周的時間徒步穿越達(dá)里恩叢林，到達(dá)巴拿馬邊境一側(cè)的第一個村莊。

"We bought medicine and are preparing ourselves psychologically so there will be no surprises in the jungle," says Reiler Pe?a, 35, who sold used cars in the Venezuelan city of Valencia until the country's economic crisis forced him to leave. To get in shape, he says, "I was climbing the hills outside of Valencia. I trained every weekend."

"我們買了藥，正在做心理準(zhǔn)備，以便在叢林里不會有任何意外。“現(xiàn)年35歲的雷勒-佩尼亞（Reiler Pe?a）說，他在委內(nèi)瑞拉的巴倫西亞市賣二手車，直到該國的經(jīng)濟危機迫使他離開。他說，為了保持身材，“我在瓦倫西亞郊外爬山。我每個周末都有訓(xùn)練?！?/b>

But even the most robust travelers can run into trouble. Hundreds of people have been robbed or raped, and some have drowned in fast-flowing rivers, in the Darien Jungle. Officially, 36 migrants died there last year but the U.N. International Organization for Migration says anecdotal evidence points to many more fatalities whose remains were neither recovered nor reported.

但是，即使是最健壯的旅行者也會遇到麻煩。在達(dá)里恩叢林，數(shù)百人被搶劫或強奸，有些人在湍急的河流中溺水身亡。據(jù)官方統(tǒng)計，去年有36名移民在那里死亡，但聯(lián)合國國際移民組織表示，有傳聞指出有更多的人死亡，他們的遺體既沒有被找到也沒有被報告。

Rafael Guerrero, with a blue towel under his hat, a migrant from the state of Lara, Venezuela, sells empanadas in the town of Necoclí. Carlos Villalon for NPR

來自委內(nèi)瑞拉拉臘州的移民拉斐爾-格雷羅(Rafael Guerrero)在內(nèi)科克利鎮(zhèn)賣肉餡卷餅，他的帽子下墊著一條藍(lán)色毛巾。
卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

Migrants play a ball game on the beach. Carlos Villalon for NPR

移民們在海灘上玩球。
卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

However, migrants are so desperate to get to the U.S. that, last year, nearly a quarter of a million people braved the route. That was a record amount of migrant traffic through a region once deemed so dangerous and impenetrable that engineers who were building the Pan-American Highway, that runs from Alaska to Patagonia, gave up, leaving the 60-mile-wide "Darien Gap."

然而，移民們?nèi)绱似惹械叵胍巴绹?，以至于去年有?5萬人冒著生命危險前往美國。這是移民通過這一地區(qū)的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄數(shù)量，這一地區(qū)曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是如此危險和難以穿越，以至于工程師們都放棄了修建從阿拉斯加到巴塔哥尼亞的泛美公路，留下了60英里寬的“達(dá)里恩峽谷”。

Among those buying ferry tickets in Necoclí was an Ecuadorian bus driver who says he left his homeland after he was threatened by gang members demanding extortion payments.

在內(nèi)科克利購買渡船票的人中有一位厄瓜多爾巴士司機，他說他是在受到黑幫成員要求支付勒索費的威脅后離開祖國的。

"They pulled a knife on me twice because I didn't want to pay them off," says the bus driver, who doesn't want to give his name for security reasons. "I was really scared. That's why I fled."

"他們兩次拿刀指著我，因為我不想付錢給他們，"這位巴士司機說，出于安全原因，他不想透露自己的名字。"我當(dāng)時真的很害怕。這就是我離開的原因。”

Farther down the beach, Rudy Heredia explains that she fled her native Venezuela five years ago and resettled in Peru. There, she sold empanadas while her husband worked construction. But protests and roadblocks following the arrest of former President Castillo cut off the flow of building supplies to much of the country and her husband lost his construction job.

在海灘的更遠(yuǎn)處，魯?shù)?埃雷迪亞解釋說，她五年前逃離了她的祖國委內(nèi)瑞拉，在秘魯重新定居。在那里，她賣肉餡卷餅，而她的丈夫從事建筑工作。但是，在前總統(tǒng)卡斯蒂略被捕后，抗議活動和路障切斷了通往該國大部分地區(qū)的建筑供應(yīng)，她的丈夫失去了建筑工作。

"We were getting desperate so we decided to get out," she says.

她說："我們越來越絕望了，所以我們決定離開?！?/b>

Migrants look out at the bay toward the hills of the Darien from the town of Necoclí. Carlos Villalon for NPR

移民們從內(nèi)科克利鎮(zhèn)望向海灣，向達(dá)里安的山丘望去。
卡洛斯-維拉?。–arlos Villalon）為國家公共電臺報道

For Heredia and other migrants here in Necoclí, their pathway to the north seems especially daunting. First, they must make it across the Darien Jungle in one piece. Then, they have to travel through a half-dozen countries to the Mexican-U.S. border. After all that, they'll need to navigate the onerous new U.S. immigration rules.

對于埃雷迪亞和其他在內(nèi)科克利的移民來說，他們通往北方的道路似乎特別艱巨。首先，他們必須完整地穿過達(dá)里恩叢林。然后，他們必須穿過六個國家，到達(dá)墨西哥和美國邊境。在這一切之后，他們還需要遵守繁重的美國新移民規(guī)定。

Still, none of this has stopped Lewis Flores, who is heading north with several fellow Venezuelans. He says: "Even if we get deported from the U.S. five times, we will come back five times."

然而，這些都沒有阻止路易斯·弗洛雷斯(Lewis Flores)和幾名委內(nèi)瑞拉同胞向北進(jìn)發(fā)。他說:“即使我們被美國驅(qū)逐五次，我們也會回來五次?！?br />
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處