Global sea surface temperatures reached a record high in May, June, and July – and the warming El Ni?o weather pattern is only just getting started – experts at the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Monday.

聯(lián)合國世界氣象組織（WMO）的專家周一表示，全球海面溫度在5月，6月和7月達(dá)到歷史新高 - 而厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象和變暖的天氣模式才剛剛開始。

Alarm bells have been rung at the UN agency in particular because of an “unprecedented peak” in sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.

聯(lián)合國機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)敲響了警鐘，特別是因為北大西洋海面溫度出現(xiàn)了“前所未有的峰值”。
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“The first week of July…could be considered as the warmest period or the warmest week ever recorded”, with a global average temperature close to 17.24 degrees Celsius on 7 July, said Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO.

“七月的第一周。。?？梢员徽J(rèn)為是有史以來最溫暖的時期或最溫暖的一周”，7月7日全球平均氣溫接近17.24攝氏度，WMO氣候監(jiān)測主任Omar Baddour說。

Unprecedented is new normal
The WMO expert added that daily June temperatures in the North Atlantic had been “dramatically high” compared to usual readings, while Antarctic sea ice levels reached their lowest extent for June since satellite observations began.

史無前例是新常態(tài)
這位WMO專家補(bǔ)充說，與通常讀數(shù)相比，北大西洋6月的每日氣溫“非常高”，而南極海冰的高度達(dá)到了自開始衛(wèi)星觀測以來的6月的最低水平。
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At a shocking 17 per cent below average, this year’s readings broke the June 2022 record by a substantial margin and represented “a really dramatic drop in the sea ice extent in the Antarctica” – some 2.6 million square kilometers of lost sea ice.

今年的讀數(shù)比平均水平低了驚人的17%，大大打破了2022年6月的記錄，并代表了“南極洲海冰面積的急劇下降”——約260萬平方公里的海冰損失。

Michael Sparrow, Chief of WMO’s World Climate Research Programme, highlighted that “it really is completely unprecedented" seeing this kind of reduction in sea ice around the Antarctic.

WMO世界氣候研究計劃主任邁克爾·斯派洛（Michael Sparrow）強(qiáng)調(diào)，看到南極周圍海冰的這種減少“真的是完全前所未有的”。

“The Antarctic region is normally thought of being relatively stable; it is much colder than the Arctic. We’re used to seeing these big reductions in the sea ice in the Arctic, but not in the Antarctic.”

“南極地區(qū)通常被認(rèn)為是相對穩(wěn)定的;它比北極冷得多。我們習(xí)慣于看到北極海冰的大幅減少，但在南極卻沒有。

A marine heatwave
Beyond Antarctica, the UN agency warned that the “marine heatwave” would also impact fisheries distribution and ocean ecosystems, with knock-on effects on the climate.

海洋熱浪
在南極洲之外，聯(lián)合國機(jī)構(gòu)警告說，“海洋熱浪”還將影響漁業(yè)分布和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，對氣候產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)。

It is not only the surface temperature of the water, but the whole ocean is becoming warmer and absorbing energy that will remain there for hundreds of years, explained WMO.

WMO解釋說，不僅是水的表面溫度，而且整個海洋正在變暖并吸收能量，這些能量將在那里保持?jǐn)?shù)百年。

“When you have a tropical cyclone, everything is affected in the shores, including fisheries, but also including inland,” said Mr. Baddour. “With heavy precipitation that could lead to casualties, displacement of populations, and so on. So, if we say that it is a dramatic change, that also means a dramatic likelihood of extreme weather and climate events.”

“當(dāng)遇到熱帶氣旋時，海岸上的一切都會受到影響，包括漁業(yè)，也包括內(nèi)陸，”巴杜爾先生說?！皬?qiáng)降水可能導(dǎo)致人員傷亡、人口流離失所等。因此，如果我們說這是一個戲劇性的變化，這也意味著極端天氣和氣候事件的巨大可能性。

El Ni?o effect
Just last week, WMO announced the onset of El Ni?o, characterized by a warming of the Pacific Ocean. Combined with the human-induced greenhouse gas effect, the weather pattern is expected to make one of the next five years the warmest on record.

厄爾尼諾效應(yīng)
就在上周，WMO宣布厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的開始，其特點是太平洋變暖。結(jié)合人為引起的溫室氣體效應(yīng)，預(yù)計未來五年的某年將成為有記錄以來最溫暖的一年。

The WMO officials told journalists in Geneva that “we are in uncharted territory, and we can expect more records to fall as El Ni?o develops further”, with impacts extending into 2024.

WMO官員在日內(nèi)瓦告訴記者，“我們處于未知領(lǐng)域，隨著厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，我們可以預(yù)期會有更多的記錄產(chǎn)生”，影響將持續(xù)到2024年。
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“During an El Ni?o year, you get higher temperatures in the atmosphere as well because heat is moving from the oceans to the atmosphere,” said Mr. Sparrow.

“在厄爾尼諾年，大氣中的溫度也會更高，因為熱量正在從海洋轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中，”斯帕羅先生說。

“We are actually at the beginning of that process, so El Ni?o hasn’t had as much of an effect as it is going to later in the year. So, we’re seeing these high temperatures in the North Atlantic…despite the fact that El Ni?o hasn’t really got going yet.”

“我們實際上正處于這個過程的開始，所以厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象并沒有像今年晚些時候那樣產(chǎn)生那么大的影響。所以，我們在北大西洋看到了這些高溫。。。。。。盡管厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象還沒有真正開始。
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According to the WMO’s Mr. Baddour, the warmest year is expected to be post-2023, when El Ni?o is expected to pick up. A record year in 2024 is likely, if the strength of El Ni?o continues to develop in line with forecasts.

根據(jù)WMO的Baddour先生的說法，最熱的一年預(yù)計將是在2023年之后，屆時厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象有望回升。如果厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的強(qiáng)度繼續(xù)按照預(yù)測發(fā)展，那么2024年可能會創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄。


UN agencies head up new $115 million push for cleaner, healthier oceans

聯(lián)合國機(jī)構(gòu)投入新的1.15億美元推動更清潔，更健康的海洋

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and four partner agencies have been tasked with leading a new push to help countries curb the land-based pollution of coastal areas and shorelines.

聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織（FAO）和四個伙伴機(jī)構(gòu)的任務(wù)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個新的項目，幫助各國遏制沿海地區(qū)和海岸線的陸源污染。

FAO will co-lead the Clean and Healthy Oceans initiative together with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF), in a strategic partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UN educational, science and cultural agency UNESCO.

糧農(nóng)組織將與亞洲開發(fā)銀行（亞行）、歐洲復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行（EBRD）和拉丁美洲開發(fā)銀行（CAF）共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)清潔和健康海洋倡議，并與聯(lián)合國教育、科學(xué)及文化機(jī)構(gòu)教科文組織政府間海洋學(xué)委員會建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。

“Together, we can turn the tide on pollution for better production, better nutrition, a better environment, and a better life,” said FAO Director-General, QU Dongyu.

“我們可以共同扭轉(zhuǎn)污染趨勢，提高產(chǎn)量、營養(yǎng)、環(huán)境和生活，”糧農(nóng)組織總干事屈冬玉說。
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The source-to-sea initiative will direct up to $115 million in grants to clean up coastal areas and was signed off at the 64th Council Meeting of the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

“從源頭到海洋”倡議將提供高達(dá)1.15億美元的贈款，用于清理沿海地區(qū)，并在全球環(huán)境基金（GEF）第64屆理事會會議上簽署。

Solutions for ‘dead zones’
Oceans have lost nearly two per cent of their oxygen since the 1950s, resulting in “dead zones,” which don’t have enough oxygen to sustain living tissue. Pollution from land-based sources, including the overuse of fertilizer, organic waste from livestock, and untreated wastewater, typically drive hypoxia worldwide.

“死區(qū)”解決方案
自1950年代以來，海洋已經(jīng)失去了近2%的氧氣，導(dǎo)致“死區(qū)”，沒有足夠的氧氣來維持活的組織。來自陸地的污染，包括過度使用化肥、牲畜有機(jī)廢物和未經(jīng)處理的廢水，通常會在全球范圍內(nèi)的海洋造成缺氧。

“Oceans face serious sustainability problems, mostly caused, and accelerated by climate change, such as increasingly acidic and warmer waters, rising sea levels and overexploitation of marine stocks”, said Executive President of CAF, Sergio Díaz-Granados.

CAF執(zhí)行主席塞爾吉奧·迪亞斯-格拉納多斯說：“海洋面臨著嚴(yán)重的可持續(xù)性問題，主要是由氣候變化引起并加速的，例如海水越來越酸和變暖，海平面上升和海洋種群的過度開發(fā)。

“This financing reaffirms the multilateral commitment to lead the fight against climate change and promote the development of the blue economy,"

“這筆融資重申了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)對氣候變化和促進(jìn)藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的多邊承諾，”

Through long-term hypoxia, coral reefs may experience mass mortality, while valuable coastal fish species migrate to higher oxygen areas, and marine reproduction rates plummet.

由于長期缺氧，珊瑚礁可能會經(jīng)歷大規(guī)模死亡，而有價值的沿海魚類物種遷移到更高的氧氣區(qū)域，海洋繁殖率直線下降。

Protecting human and ocean health
The Clean and Healthy Oceans strategy aims to curb land-based pollution of our oceans through policy and regulatory innovation, infrastructure investments, and nature-based solutions.

保護(hù)人類和海洋健康
清潔和健康海洋戰(zhàn)略旨在通過政策和監(jiān)管創(chuàng)新、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資和基于自然的解決方案來遏制海洋的陸地污染。

The programme will also map land-based sources of ocean pollution to better understand hypoxia effects and apply ocean science to develop solutions that improve both human and ocean health.

該計劃還將繪制海洋污染的陸地來源圖，以更好地了解缺氧效應(yīng)，并應(yīng)用海洋科學(xué)開發(fā)改善人類和海洋健康的解決方案。

“This partnership leverages the strengths and expertise of each organization, ensuring a comprehensive approach to safeguarding marine ecosystems. Working together, in the spirit of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, we will make a step towards the ocean we need for the future we want," added IOC-UNESCO Executive Secretary, Vladimir Ryabinin.

“這種伙伴關(guān)系利用了每個組織的優(yōu)勢和專業(yè)知識，確保采取全面的方法來保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本著聯(lián)合國海洋科學(xué)促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展十年的精神，我們將共同努力，朝著我們想要的未來所需的海洋邁出一步”，海委會-聯(lián)合國教科文組織執(zhí)行秘書弗拉基米爾·里亞比寧補(bǔ)充道。
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Global shipping poised to get new emissions-fighting strategy

全球航運業(yè)準(zhǔn)備制定新的減排戰(zhàn)略

A new strategy is expected to set global shipping on an ambitious path towards phasing out greenhouse gas emissions, top UN officials said at the opening of the latest session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in London on Monday.

一項新戰(zhàn)略預(yù)計將使全球航運走上逐步淘汰溫室氣體排放的雄心勃勃的道路，聯(lián)合國高級官員周一在倫敦舉行的海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會（MEPC）最新會議開幕式上表示。
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“Humanity is in dangerous waters on climate,” UN Secretary-General António Guterres said in a video message at the start of MPEC’s latest session.

“人類在氣候問題上處于危險的水域，”聯(lián)合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯在MPEC最新會議開始時的視頻中說。

“Science tells us it is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C, but it requires an immense and immediate global effort, and shipping, which accounts for almost three per cent of global emissions, will be vital.”

“科學(xué)告訴我們，仍有可能將全球氣溫上升限制在1.5°C之內(nèi)，但這需要全球立即做出巨大努力，而占全球排放量近3%的航運將至關(guān)重要。”

The decisions “you take over the coming days could help us chart a safer course”, he said, urging Committee members to agree on a strategy forward.

他說，“你在未來幾天內(nèi)做出的決定可以幫助我們制定更安全的路線”，并敦促委員會成員就前進(jìn)的戰(zhàn)略達(dá)成一致。

Legacy in the making
Tasked with addressing environmental issues under the remit of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the Committee tackles such issues as the control and prevention of ship-source pollution covered by the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), including oil, chemicals carried in bulk, sewage, garbage, and such emissions from ships as air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.

醞釀中的遺產(chǎn)
該委員會的任務(wù)是解決國際海事組織（IMO）職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的環(huán)境問題，處理諸如控制和預(yù)防《防止船舶造成污染公約》（MARPOL）所涵蓋的船源污染等問題，包括石油，散裝運輸?shù)幕瘜W(xué)品，污水，垃圾以及空氣污染物和溫室氣體排放等船舶排放物。

Gathering from 3 to 7 July to review ongoing efforts, the Committee is expected to adopt a greenhouse gas emissions strategy in response to climate change and threats to biodiversity, following meetings with IMO.

委員會將于7月3日至7日舉行會議，審查正在努力進(jìn)行，預(yù)計將在與海事組織舉行會議后，通過一項溫室氣體排放戰(zhàn)略，以應(yīng)對氣候變化和對生物多樣性的威脅。

“This is a historic moment in which all of you have a role to play,” IMO Secretary-General Kitack Lim said, encouraging States to help roll out the new strategy by forging ambitious targets that will put shipping on a “clear trajectory” to phase out greenhouse gas emissions.

“這是一個歷史性的時刻，你們所有人都可以發(fā)揮作用，”國際海事組織秘書長Kitack Lim說，鼓勵各國通過制定雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)來幫助推出新戰(zhàn)略，這些目標(biāo)將使航運走上逐步淘汰溫室氣體排放的“明確軌道”。
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“The 2023 strategy will be your legacy, for which your children and grandchildren will be grateful,” he said. “The time for IMO to demonstrate its global leadership is now.”

“2023年的戰(zhàn)略將是你的遺產(chǎn)，你的子孫后代將感激不盡，”他說。“現(xiàn)在是國際海事組織展示其全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的時候了?！?/b>

The revised strategy is expected to set out the way forward for possible technical and economic measures to be further developed by IMO.

預(yù)計經(jīng)修訂的戰(zhàn)略將為海事組織進(jìn)一步制定可能的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)措施指明前進(jìn)方向。

Biodiversity and maritime future
Underlining the importance of concrete legal measures to project biodiversity, he recalled that nearly two decades of discussion had led to the landmark Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), adopted at the UN headquarters on 19 June 2023.

生物多樣性和海洋的未來
他強(qiáng)調(diào)了具體法律措施對生物多樣性項目的重要性，并回顧說，近二十年的討論促成了具有里程碑意義的《生物多樣性公約》（CBD），該公約于2023年6月19日在聯(lián)合國總部獲得通過。

Together, with the Kunming-Montreal Global frxwork for Biodiversity, adopted last December and ongoing negotiations for a new legally binding instrument to tackle plastic pollution, he said “there is no doubt that your Committee's efforts to ensure a greener, more equitable and more sustainable maritime future is of greater importance than ever before”.

結(jié)合去年12月通過的《昆明-蒙特利爾全球生物多樣性框架》以及正在進(jìn)行的關(guān)于解決塑料污染的具有法律約束力的新文書的談判，他說：“毫無疑問，你們委員會為確保更綠色、更公平和更可持續(xù)的海洋未來所做的努力比以往任何時候都更加重要”。

Maritime Environment Protection Committee
MPEC’s 80th session will address a range of challenges, including:

海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會
MPEC第80屆會議將討論一系列挑戰(zhàn)，包括：

Tackling climate change: Cutting greenhouse gas emissions from ships, including adoption of the revised global strategy

應(yīng)對氣候變化：減少船舶溫室氣體排放，包括通過經(jīng)修訂的全球戰(zhàn)略

Energy efficiency of ships

船舶能效

Ballast water management

壓載水管理

Biofouling management, including adopting revised guidelines

生物污染管理，包括采用修訂后的準(zhǔn)則

Designations of sensitive sea areas

指定敏感海區(qū)

Underwater noise, including revised guidelines

水下噪音，包括修訂后的準(zhǔn)則
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Tackling marine litter

處理海洋垃圾

Ship-to-ship transfers, including a proposed resolution

船對船轉(zhuǎn)運，包括決議提議