南海海底發(fā)現(xiàn)大量精美中國(guó)明朝瓷器，引起世界各地網(wǎng)友驚嘆
Over 100,000 ceramic wares from two Chinese shipwrecks, 1500 meters deep in the South China Sea. Discovered in May 2023. Ships dated to the Ming dynasty, 1506-1522 [1650x1890]
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
南中國(guó)海1500米深的海底發(fā)現(xiàn)了十萬(wàn)余件瓷器
正文翻譯
圖
評(píng)論翻譯
很贊 ( 11 )
收藏
I lived in the Philippines when I was little, and we used to visit an island where Chinese ceramics from the 1500s would wash up after storms. We've got a box full of lovely weathered shards. There was intact stuff at the bottom, and our dive instructor had insane stories of working for a treasure-recovery crew (being down in almost zero visibility for hours vacuuming stuff out of silt, vomiting continuously while doing it because these weren't exactly safety first dudes)
我小時(shí)候住在菲律賓，我們以前喜歡去一個(gè)島上玩，那里偶爾會(huì)有16世紀(jì)的中國(guó)瓷器在風(fēng)暴之后被沖刷到海岸上。我們就能帶回家一整箱好看的滄桑的瓷器碎片。在海底還有一些完整的東西，我們的潛泳教練給我們講過(guò)之前給一個(gè)挖寶隊(duì)打工的時(shí)候經(jīng)歷過(guò)的令人難以置信的故事（下到能見(jiàn)度幾乎為0的地方，從淤泥里面往外抽東西，一邊干一邊嘔吐，因?yàn)樗麄儾⒉皇且粠桶寻踩旁诘谝晃坏娜?。?/b>
Why the vomiting?
為什么會(huì)吐？
I was 12 years old at the time, so I just accepted the vomiting as "something that happens when you're underwater for too long!" Upon reflection as an Old, I think it was some combo of grueling physical conditions and massive, massive hangovers
我當(dāng)時(shí)只有12歲，所以我以為嘔吐是“當(dāng)你在水下待太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的時(shí)候自然會(huì)發(fā)生的事情”，但是長(zhǎng)大之后回想起來(lái)，我覺(jué)得可能是難以忍受的環(huán)境加上非常，非常猛的宿醉導(dǎo)致的。
Global trade networks in the 1500s must’ve been amazing considering the amount of stuff they were shipping
考慮到他們運(yùn)的這些東西，16世紀(jì)的環(huán)球貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)一定非常厲害。
Seriously! That’s a huge amount of stuff and that was just one ship that didn’t make it! Wonder if these items were considered luxury or what. Maybe “fine china” wasn’t so fine and rare back then if you had this much product moving around.
沒(méi)錯(cuò)！這可是數(shù)量巨大的商品，而且還只是一艘沒(méi)能抵達(dá)目的地的商船！我不知道這些東西人們覺(jué)得算是奢侈品還是什么。或許當(dāng)時(shí)的“精品瓷器”還沒(méi)那么精品、那么稀有，如果有這么大量的商品在到處流通的話。
China had a mature and thriving ceramics industry at this point, with large numbers of trained and specialised workers who could make consistently good products in a variety of styles. A lot of the ceramics and porcelain was tailored towards the market they were being sold to depending on what fashion the locals favoured at the time, be it locally in China, Europe, Japan, or South-east Asia.
這個(gè)時(shí)候的中國(guó)已經(jīng)擁有了成熟而繁榮的瓷器工業(yè)，大量受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的專業(yè)工人能夠制作各種風(fēng)格的產(chǎn)品，并且保證良好的質(zhì)量。很多瓷器都根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厝怂矚g的風(fēng)格而進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，不論是中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)，還是歐洲，日本或是東南亞。
景德鎮(zhèn)一千多年以來(lái)都是瓷器的主要產(chǎn)地。明朝到1402年，在當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄔ炝?2個(gè)皇家窯爐。舉個(gè)他們能得到的訂單規(guī)模的例子，皇室在1433年的一個(gè)訂單就有443500件帶龍鳳設(shè)計(jì)的瓷器。
A lot of the ceramics and porcelain was tailored towards the market they were being sold to depending on what fashion the locals favoured at the time, be it locally in China, Europe, Japan, or South-east Asia.
Looks like "Made in China" has been around a looong time.
看起來(lái)“中國(guó)制造”已經(jīng)有很——長(zhǎng)的一段歷史了。
Even earlier than this the Romans were using various land and sea trade routes known as the Silk Road to bring Chinese goods (mostly silk) back to Europe.In exchange the Romans would trade gold, silver, glassware, or wool. Records indicate that there was at least an indirect exchange of goods between the two dating back to around the first century and Roman coins from that era have been found as far as Japan. The trading was definitely sporadic and not without interference from the various empires between the two powers but it's crazy to think about the nobility in Rome buying Chinese silk or vice versa Chinese nobles with Roman glass and silver.
中國(guó)制造的歷史可要比羅馬人用那條被人所知的“絲綢之路”，各種陸路和海路來(lái)將中國(guó)商品（基本都是絲綢）運(yùn)到歐洲的時(shí)間還要長(zhǎng)。作為交換，羅馬人把黃金，白銀，玻璃或者羊毛送給中國(guó)。有記錄表明，至少在公元一世紀(jì)左右，羅馬和中國(guó)之間就存在了間接的商品交換了，并且那個(gè)時(shí)代的羅馬貨幣最遠(yuǎn)在日本也有出土。這種貿(mào)易顯然是零星的，并且有這兩大強(qiáng)國(guó)之間的幾個(gè)帝國(guó)的干預(yù)，但是羅馬的貴族們能買(mǎi)到中國(guó)的絲綢，或者中國(guó)的貴族能買(mǎi)到羅馬的玻璃和銀器，這種事情想想就很瘋狂。
Wish they spent a little more time on the silk road in school. Such an interesting history
希望他們能在學(xué)校里多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間教絲綢之路的知識(shí)。這段歷史太有意思了。
Even earlier than this the Romans were using various land and sea trade routes known as the Silk Road to bring Chinese goods (mostly silk) back to Europe.
引用：“比羅馬人用那條被人所知的“絲綢之路”的，各種陸路和海路來(lái)將中國(guó)商品（基本都是絲綢）運(yùn)到歐洲的時(shí)間還要長(zhǎng)?！?/b>
我以為他們貿(mào)易的是比特幣呢
And just think, “made in China” it used to be a sign of quality and utmost elegance. How sad.
想象一下，“中國(guó)制造”曾經(jīng)是質(zhì)量和絕對(duì)的優(yōu)雅的標(biāo)志。真讓人難過(guò)。
Still can be, but if you go to dollar general, you get dollar general quality.
仍然可以是，但如果你去的是一元店的話，那你買(mǎi)的也只能是一元店的質(zhì)量。
"Made in X" is irrelevant without the price. You pay bottom shelf price and you get bottom shelf quality. So what are you lamenting about?
“某某制造”跟價(jià)格沒(méi)關(guān)系。你花底層貨架商品的價(jià)格，買(mǎi)到的就是底層貨架商品的質(zhì)量。你在這兒抱怨什么呢？
Entirely outdated and unnuanced view. China does also produce high quality goods but you're going to pay commiserate prices. If there's continued demand for lost cost and cheaply-made goods, which there is, Chinese companies will continue to supply that demand. But it's little indication of their inherent manufacturing skill or craftsmanship.
這完全是過(guò)時(shí)的、不理性的觀點(diǎn)。中國(guó)也制造高品質(zhì)的商品，你得花相應(yīng)的價(jià)錢(qián)。如果對(duì)于低成本、廉價(jià)的商品的需求一直都存在，并且確實(shí)如此，那么中國(guó)公司就是會(huì)繼續(xù)供應(yīng)這種需求。但這并不能說(shuō)明他們的制造能力或是工匠精神有什么問(wèn)題。
Manila actually became wealthy by monopolizing the trade of Chinese products in the Philippine archipelago and other parts of maritime Southeast Asia, that's the reason why the Bruneian royal family intermarried with the local royal family and this is also the reason why Spain made Manila it's colonial capital in Asia.
其實(shí)馬尼拉就是通過(guò)壟斷在菲律賓群島和其他東南亞海島區(qū)域內(nèi)的中國(guó)商品貿(mào)易而變得富有的，所以緬甸王室才會(huì)與當(dāng)?shù)氐耐跏衣?lián)姻，并且這也是西班牙將亞洲區(qū)域的殖民地首府設(shè)置在馬尼拉的原因。
i'm excited to see how they will manage to rescue these
我很期待能夠看到他們是怎樣發(fā)掘出這些瓷器的。
As long as they don't go down there with anything made by OceanGate they'll be good
只要他們不用海洋之門(mén)公司做的東西潛水的話就沒(méi)問(wèn)題（注：還記得幾個(gè)月前在海底爆的那個(gè)潛水器嗎）
This comment really pops!
這條評(píng)論可太炸裂了！
How’d you get a picture of my dishwasher
你是怎么拍到我的洗碗機(jī)的
Clean your filter
那你該清清過(guò)濾網(wǎng)了。
wow, the color is still so vibrant even after ~500 years.
哇，就算過(guò)了五百年之后顏色仍然如此生動(dòng)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
這些瓷器今天還能用嗎？
I know in general you’re not supposed to keep ceramics submerged for long periods - it contributes to crazing I think. I would be really surprised if these weren’t crazed (tiny cracks in the glaze). Water and bacteria get in through the tiny cracks so it’s not recommended to use crazed dishes for food.
我的了解是總的來(lái)說(shuō)你不應(yīng)該把瓷器浸泡在水里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間——我記得是會(huì)導(dǎo)致裂紋。如果這些瓷器沒(méi)有裂紋（釉面上細(xì)小的裂痕）的話我會(huì)非常驚訝。水和細(xì)菌會(huì)藏進(jìn)這些小的裂痕里面，所以不推薦用裂紋的瓷器盛裝食物。
They would be usable. Colors are usually deeply baked in. They may be even under a protective layer.
應(yīng)該還能用。顏色通常都是被燒得很深的。或許上面還有一層保護(hù)層呢。
Has China alway been in manufacturing?
中國(guó)一直都制造業(yè)這么厲害嗎？
They're all in such excellent condition. You'd think ceramics dropping to the bottom of the ocean would have a lot more damage.
這些瓷器保存得都如此完好。一般人可能覺(jué)得掉到海底的瓷器可能會(huì)遭受很嚴(yán)重的損傷。
I have a Chinese porcelain tea set (Gaiwan, pot, and teacups). I bought the pot and cups based on a recommendation and I fell in love with them. Added the Gaiwan because I kept drinking the tea too fast and constantly had to refill the smaller cups.
我有一套中國(guó)瓷器茶具（有蓋碗，茶壺和茶杯）。我聽(tīng)別人推薦買(mǎi)了茶壺和茶杯，立刻就愛(ài)上了它們。加上了一個(gè)蓋碗，因?yàn)槲液炔杩偸呛鹊锰?，所以總得再給小杯子續(xù)上。
How old are these items?
這些瓷器年代多久了？
1506-1522
1506-1522
amorphoussoupcake
Negative 16?
負(fù)十六年？
Get out!
出院！
So much of this looks really well in-tact, it makes me wonder if they really did just stack it all on top of each other and ship it like that? Like obviously not in a pile but in neat stacks but you would think it would require way more protection on a vessel from that long ago being rocked by the seas.
這些看起來(lái)都是如此的完好，我不禁想到他們難道真的只是把這些瓷器摞起來(lái)然后就這么裝船運(yùn)輸嗎？當(dāng)然顯然并非只是摞起來(lái)，而是整齊地碼放好了，但可能你會(huì)覺(jué)得對(duì)于一個(gè)這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以前的，要在海面上顛簸的艦船來(lái)說(shuō)，這些商品是不是需要更多的保護(hù)。
我在想他們是有給瓷器的特別的保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，還是說(shuō)只是會(huì)把運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中可能平均會(huì)損壞多少瓷器直接算到成本進(jìn)去，還是別的？有人知道的話就好了。
China already had special containers for ocean-going transportation of porcelain 1,000 years ago, which will not break due to shaking. Apparently the container from that year has melted on the seabed, but the porcelain remains
中國(guó)早在一千多年前就已經(jīng)有專門(mén)為海運(yùn)的瓷器而準(zhǔn)備的特殊容器了，不會(huì)因?yàn)榛蝿?dòng)而導(dǎo)致瓷器破裂。很顯然當(dāng)年的容器已經(jīng)在海床上朽爛了，只剩下瓷器保留了下來(lái)。
Ming dynasty during that time was a huge regional power and near global power if they focused more on naval power and wanted to.
那時(shí)的明朝是龐大的區(qū)域性大國(guó)，如果他們專注于海上力量并且有所意圖的話，那么他們幾乎就是全球大國(guó)。
我在想當(dāng)時(shí)的其他世界大國(guó)有沒(méi)有和我們現(xiàn)在和當(dāng)代中國(guó)一樣，和當(dāng)時(shí)的明朝打冷戰(zhàn)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
我知道西班牙可能嘗試過(guò)挑釁明朝，但是他們從來(lái)都沒(méi)堅(jiān)持下來(lái)過(guò)，也從來(lái)都沒(méi)鼓起勇氣挑起一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
Imagine waiting for your tea cup for 400 years. It's about time I'd say.
想象一下等一個(gè)茶杯到貨等了四百年。
News video. One ship contained mostly ceramics for export, while the other contained logs of exotic Southeast Asian woods to be imported into China.
新聞視頻。其中一艘船里面運(yùn)載的基本都是用于出口的瓷器，而另一艘船上面搭載的則是來(lái)自東南亞的稀有原木，本來(lái)要進(jìn)口到中國(guó)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Some merchant was probably ruined by that shipwreck, and we’ll never know their story
某個(gè)商人可能這輩子就被這場(chǎng)船難給毀了，并且我們永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)知道他的結(jié)局是怎樣的。
I mean, people died and we will never know their story either
說(shuō)實(shí)話，人人都會(huì)死，我們也不可能知道每個(gè)人的故事。
I mean, were they even people if they didn't own a trade ship?
說(shuō)實(shí)話，手底下沒(méi)有一艘貿(mào)易船的還算是人嗎？
Oh supply side Jesus, take these capitalists to thy keeping (only the rich ones pls)
噢供給側(cè)的耶穌啊，把這些資本家們帶到您的身邊吧（只帶走有錢(qián)的那些就行了謝謝）
It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to pay his taxes.
讓有錢(qián)人交稅比讓駱駝走進(jìn)針眼還難。
Would they ? I thought even back then insurance existed ? also many ventures like this had backers and investors so as not to put all the eggs in one basket .
會(huì)嗎？我以為當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該就有保險(xiǎn)了。此外像這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，很多都是有擔(dān)保人和投資者的，所以不會(huì)把所有的雞蛋都扔進(jìn)同一個(gè)籃子里。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Maybe some investor lost a significant portion of his total holdings in that fleet, and also some plebians died at sea, seems now to be the gist of it.
或許某個(gè)大投資者因?yàn)檫@個(gè)艦隊(duì)而損失了總財(cái)產(chǎn)的很大一部分，或許也有一些平民死在了海上，估計(jì)就是這樣了。
People would invest in shares of a ship. The risk would have been spread among a group of people.
人們會(huì)把這艘船分成股份投資的。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以平攤在一群人身上。
船上的人顯然是沉到海底了，但是船主或許是擁有很多艘船的。當(dāng)時(shí)航運(yùn)業(yè)就是數(shù)字游戲。如果一個(gè)人只有一艘船，還不把風(fēng)險(xiǎn)通過(guò)賣(mài)股份的方式分?jǐn)偨o其他人，那么他肯定就完了。
但是把船賣(mài)成股票就可以把幾艘船的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分?jǐn)偟矫總€(gè)人頭上。一艘船或許沉了，但絕大多數(shù)都不會(huì)。
Man, that wood makes me sad. Trees died and their wood didn’t even get used
哎，這些木頭讓我感覺(jué)挺難過(guò)的。樹(shù)死了，木頭還沒(méi)用上。
If one could manage to get them to the surface, there’d be a huge market for that wood. In the world of guitar building “sinker mahogany” is one of the most sought after woods for acoustic guitars. These were logs that sunk to the bottom of lakes and rivers as they were being transported the the mill.
如果有人能把這些木頭撈到表面上來(lái)的話，將會(huì)有巨大的市場(chǎng)。在吉他制琴業(yè)內(nèi)，“沉水桃花芯”是木吉他最上等的木材用料之一，這些原木是在運(yùn)輸?shù)戒從緩S的路上沉到河流和湖泊里的木材。
所以這些木頭也有希望。
Same with redwoods along US west coast rivers. Timbers cut down 100s of years ago that sank were being recovered in the early 90s were absolute units and worth more than a house. I think the practice quickly became illegal for environmental reasons.
美國(guó)西海岸河流里的紅木也是一樣的。一百多年前的原木被砍伐下來(lái)之后沉到了河底，在90年代早期被人發(fā)現(xiàn)了，每根的價(jià)值都超過(guò)一棟房子。我記得這種行為馬上就因?yàn)榄h(huán)境原因而被法律禁止了。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
I remember all the hype about the giant ice-age tree that they pulled out of one of the Great Lakes a few years ago -- luthiers all over the world started salivating at the thought of getting their hands on the kind of dense, rich wood that makes Stradivarius instruments sound so good. And then they fucked up the drying-out process, and everyone died a little of disappointment.
我還記得幾年前他們從大湖里面撈出了一根巨大的冰河世紀(jì)的老樹(shù)，引起了巨大的轟動(dòng)——全世界各地的制琴師都留著口水想要拿到一塊這種致密、豐滿的木材，它能讓斯特拉迪瓦里式的琴聽(tīng)起來(lái)非常好聽(tīng)。結(jié)果他們把風(fēng)干過(guò)程搞砸了，于是所有人都失望透頂。
Those logs might still be usable. Deep water is cold and low oxygen enough to preserve wood. People reclaim 500+ year old lumber from lake Superior regularly
這些原木或許還能用呢。深水的溫度很低，氧含量也低，可以保存木材。人們每天都能從蘇必利爾湖里撈出來(lái)五百多年的老木頭呢。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Except salt water is a lot different than fresh water
然而海水和淡水之間的區(qū)別非常大。
If it makes you feel any better, it was so long ago that anything that wood would've been used for would've likely rotted away long ago, and whatever tree replaced them is already a 500 year old behemoth (although probably already logged long ago).
如果能讓你感覺(jué)好些的話，這些木頭已經(jīng)放了太久，不論當(dāng)年本打算用它們來(lái)做什么，到現(xiàn)在都可能早就腐朽了，并且不論當(dāng)時(shí)栽下替代它們的新樹(shù)是什么樹(shù)，現(xiàn)在也都已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成五百年的參天大樹(shù)了（盡管可能早就被砍了）。