關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道些什么?（二）

Shweta Ghosh
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
Why should we blow shankh ( conch)
We have seen almost in every hindu ritual or puja , we blow shankh as an important part of that. But most of us
do not know the scientific reason behind it.
It is beleived that blowing conch everyday , regular blockages ll go away and it improves our respiratpry system.
If a person holds a conch shell to his ear, he can gently hear sound of ocean humming. It is actually cosmic energy of earth that gets magnified after entering conch shell.The blowing of shankh makes environment pure and holy and conductive for the spritiual growth of everybody.

關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道哪些事情？
我們?yōu)槭裁匆岛Ｂ?br /> 我們幾乎在每一個(gè)印度教儀式或禮拜中都看到，我們吹海螺是其中的一個(gè)重要部分。但我們大多數(shù)人不知道背后的科學(xué)原因。
人們相信，每天吹海螺，常規(guī)性阻塞會(huì)消失，它會(huì)改善我們的呼吸系統(tǒng)。
如果一個(gè)人把海螺殼放在耳邊，他就能輕輕地聽到海洋的嗡嗡聲。實(shí)際上是地球的宇宙能量在進(jìn)入海螺殼后被放大了。吹海螺使環(huán)境純凈圣潔，有利于每個(gè)人的精神成長(zhǎng)。

Ashutosh Mehndiratta
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
This thread has several excellent answers listing out the key events in the the History of India.
Reason being these events are over 2,000 years old and we simply don’t have enough records or evidence and much is left to interpretation.

關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道哪些事情？
這個(gè)帖子有幾個(gè)很好的答案，列出了印度歷史上的關(guān)鍵事件。
原因是這些事件已經(jīng)有2000多年的歷史了，我們根本沒有足夠的記錄或證據(jù)，還有很多需要解釋才行。

Aniket Singh
Recently, we can see a Turkish Show “Resurrection Ertugral” is getting famous. It has beautifully portrayed the rise and downfall of “Ottoman Empire”. But I'm here to highlight the Indian aspect of it.
The Battle of Haifa was fought on 23 September 1918 towards the end of the first World war.
During the Battle of Haifa, the Indian 15th(Imperial service) Cavalry Birgade, 5th Cavalary Division and part of the Desert Mounted Corpa attacked rearguard forces of the Ottoman Empire that resulted in the capture of the towns of Haifa and Acre(cities of Israel).
On Haifa Liberation Day, the whole country pays tribute to the Indian soldiers who sacrificed their lives.
At the end of the first world war, the Ottoman empire started crumbling, and was finally laid to rest in 1922. But the signs were evident much earlier, and the Khilafat movement started by the Musli... of the subcontinent for the reinstating of the Ottoman Caliphate was given full backing by Congress led by Gandhi.
Its amusing to note that Mustafa Kemal Pasha who led the anti caliphate forces is regarded as Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Khilafat then became an anti British movement and then an anti Hindu movement .

最近，我們可以看到一個(gè)土耳其節(jié)目“Resurrection Ertugral”越來越出名。它美麗地描繪了“奧斯曼帝國(guó)”的興衰。但我在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是印度的一面。
海法戰(zhàn)役發(fā)生在1918年9月23日，一戰(zhàn)即將結(jié)束。
在海法戰(zhàn)役中，印度第15(帝國(guó)服務(wù))騎兵旅，第5騎兵師和部分沙漠騎兵團(tuán)襲擊了奧斯曼帝國(guó)的后衛(wèi)部隊(duì)，占領(lǐng)了海法和阿克鎮(zhèn)(以色列的城市)。
在海法解放日，全國(guó)人民向犧牲生命的印度士兵致敬。
第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，奧斯曼帝國(guó)開始瓦解，最終于1922年土崩瓦解。但跡象在更早的時(shí)候就很明顯了，次大陸的穆斯林為恢復(fù)奧斯曼哈里發(fā)而發(fā)起的希拉法特運(yùn)動(dòng)得到了甘地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國(guó)大黨的全力支持。
有趣的是，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)反哈里發(fā)軍隊(duì)的穆斯塔法·凱末爾帕夏（Mustafa Kemal Pasha）被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代土耳其的創(chuàng)始人阿塔圖爾克。然后，希拉法特運(yùn)動(dòng)變成了一場(chǎng)反英運(yùn)動(dòng)，然后又變成了一場(chǎng)反印度教運(yùn)動(dòng)。

The cost of every grotesque Hindu Muslim unity by Gandhiji was to be borne by Hindus alone, with copious amount of blood and dishonour. Anti Hindu riots broke out in all parts of the country, and the most horrifying results were seen in Moplah, where thousands of Hindus were butchered.
Did Gandhiji condemn this violence? On the contrary , he called the Moplahs brave and patriotic for doing their duty!
Malabar rebellion - Wikipedia
Gandhiji's hypocrisy for supporting Khilafat Movement but not even condemning the Moplah Riot is what make many people hate about him.

每一次由甘地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的怪誕的印度-穆斯林聯(lián)合的代價(jià)都要由印度教徒獨(dú)自承擔(dān)，伴隨著大量的鮮血和恥辱。全國(guó)各地都爆發(fā)了反印度教騷亂，最可怕的結(jié)果發(fā)生在莫普拉，成千上萬的印度教徒被屠殺。
甘地譴責(zé)這次暴力嗎?相反，他稱莫布拉人(Moplahs)勇敢而愛國(guó)，恪盡職守!
馬拉巴爾叛亂——維基百科
甘地虛偽地支持哈里發(fā)特運(yùn)動(dòng)，卻不譴責(zé)摩普拉暴動(dòng)，這讓很多人討厭他。

Yashika Kaushik
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
Historically, India has always been rich. It plays an important role in world history as it is one of the greatest and ancient histories among world. It has craved a niche on the map of the world. It has made other nations of the world to look up at India with respect and appreciation.
Beginning: It begins with the birth of Indus Valley Civilization which flourished between 2800 BC and 1800 BC. Also with pre-Vedic and Vedic periods. The earliest literary source that sheds light on India's past is the Rig Veda. pre-Vedic and Vedic periods. The earliest literary source that sheds light on India's past is the Rig Veda.
The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, which was called 'Sindhu' by the ancient Indians. The Persians invaders converted it into 'Hindu'.
Mauryan dynasty: Chandragupta Maurya [founder of Empire], expanded the empire from Afghanistan to Bengal, and even expanded into Central & Southern India.
The great Emperor Ashoka- Ashoka [3rd emperor] was perhaps the only king in the entire world who gave up his desire to conquer new territories after winning a major war. He has also played an important role in the spread of Buddhism.
Fight for Independence: From revolt of 1857 which began at Meerut spread to several states like Delhi to Gandhi Ji’s Quit India Movement [1942], India fought for it’s Independence for nearly 200 years against East India Company.

關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道哪些事情？
從歷史上看，印度一直很富有。它在世界歷史上扮演著重要的角色，因?yàn)樗鞘澜缟献顐ゴ蠛凸爬系臍v史之一。它渴望在世界地圖上占有一席之地。它讓世界上其他國(guó)家都對(duì)印度表示尊重和贊賞。
開始:它開始于印度河流域文明的誕生，它在公元前2800年到公元前1800年之間蓬勃發(fā)展。還有前吠陀和吠陀時(shí)期。最早揭示印度歷史的文獻(xiàn)來源是《梨俱吠陀》。
“印度”這個(gè)名字來源于印度河，古印度人稱之為“Sindhu”。波斯人入侵者將其轉(zhuǎn)化為“印度教”。
孔雀王朝：旃陀羅笈多(帝國(guó)的創(chuàng)始人)將帝國(guó)從阿富汗擴(kuò)展到孟加拉，甚至擴(kuò)展到印度中部和南部。
偉大的阿育王（第三代皇帝）可能是全世界唯一一位在贏得一場(chǎng)重大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后放棄征服新領(lǐng)土愿望的國(guó)王。他在佛教的傳播中也發(fā)揮了重要作用。
爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立：從1857年始于密魯特的起義蔓延到德里等幾個(gè)邦，到甘地的“退出印度運(yùn)動(dòng)”（1942年），印度為爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立與東印度公司進(jìn)行了近200年的斗爭(zhēng)。

J.Nypunya
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
Nearly five centuries ago, a child was born into a Rajput family of a warrior clan. But this child would grow to become a great warrior not because he fought battles or least, mastered arms, but because he founded a community, the members of which would go to the extent of sacrificing their lives for the conservation of forests and wildlife. Lord Jambheshwar is the much worshipped founder of the Bishnoi community which spreads across several villages of Rajasthan. The childhood mysteries of Jambheshwar caught attention of his family and locals which left them bound to believe that this child was gifted. But his miracles were themselves insignificant though imperative to his future and hence to the future of the masses.
He is said to be the worshipper of Lord Vishnu and he reached out to the folks through his poems known as ‘Shabadwani’.
The name Amrita Devi Bhishnoi is not unfamiliar to us. A gallant woman and a member of the community who gave momentum and redefined the principles of the Bishnois. When the Marwar king ordered the felling of the Khejri trees, found in abundance in the Khejarli village, it was Amrita Devi who stood between the axe and the tree and gave her life to protect the trees, thus reinforcing the preacings of her Guru. The death of Amrita Devi and her three daughters aggravated a movement, composed largely of women and children, against the destruction of the village forests.
The Bhishnoi community has inspired several environmental conservation movements. Even today the will and vigil of these men and women against poachers provides a safe habitat to the much endangered blackbucks and chinkaras. Just to mention, the Forest Department might have different categories for the degree of protection various species seek, but to a Bhishnoi killing a monitor lizard is as hideous a crime as killing a Bustard.
The fact that there are rural folks out there who I reckon have no idea about global warming or ozone depletion but do know their obligation towards nature, as should be ours, leaves us inspired. Let history repeat and let us unite to face the global issue of environmental conservation.

關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道哪些事情？
大約五個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，一個(gè)孩子出生在一個(gè)戰(zhàn)士氏族的拉杰普特人家庭。但這個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)成為一個(gè)偉大的戰(zhàn)士，不是因?yàn)樗蜻^仗，更不是因?yàn)樗莆樟宋淦?，而是因?yàn)樗⒘艘粋€(gè)社區(qū)，這個(gè)社區(qū)的成員會(huì)為了保護(hù)森林和野生動(dòng)物而犧牲自己的生命。詹布什瓦爾勛爵（Lord Jambheshwar）是比什諾伊社區(qū)的創(chuàng)始人，該社區(qū)遍布拉賈斯坦邦的幾個(gè)村莊。Jambheshwar的童年謎團(tuán)引起了他的家人和當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖⒁猓@讓他們不得不相信這個(gè)孩子很有天賦。但他的奇跡本身是微不足道的，不過對(duì)他的未來至關(guān)重要，因此對(duì)大眾的未來也至關(guān)重要。
據(jù)說詹布什瓦爾勛爵（Lord Jambheshwar）是毗濕奴的崇拜者，他通過他的詩(shī)歌《Shabadwani》與人們接觸。
Bhishinoi社區(qū)的Amrita Devi 這個(gè)人對(duì)我們來說并不陌生。她是一位勇敢的女性，也是社區(qū)的一員，為Bishnois提供了動(dòng)力并重新定義了原則。當(dāng)馬爾瓦爾國(guó)王下令砍伐在Khejarli村發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量Khejri樹時(shí)，Amrita Devi站在斧頭和樹之間，為保護(hù)這些樹獻(xiàn)出了生命，從而加強(qiáng)了她的導(dǎo)師的說教。Amrita Devi和她的三個(gè)女兒的死亡加劇了一場(chǎng)主要由婦女和兒童組成的反對(duì)破壞村莊森林的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Bhishinoi社區(qū)激發(fā)了幾場(chǎng)環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。即使在今天，即使在今天，這些男人和女人反對(duì)偷獵者的意志和守夜為瀕臨滅絕的黑羚和印度瞪羚提供了一個(gè)安全的棲息地。更不用說，森林部門可能對(duì)不同物種尋求的保護(hù)程度有不同的分類，但對(duì)一個(gè)比什諾伊人來說，殺死一只巨蜥和殺死一只鴇是一樣可怕的罪行。
事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為有一些農(nóng)村人對(duì)全球變暖或臭氧消耗一無所知，但他們確實(shí)知道他們對(duì)自然的義務(wù)，就像我們應(yīng)該做的那樣，這讓我們深受鼓舞。讓歷史重演，讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來面對(duì)全球環(huán)境保護(hù)問題吧。

NONAME
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
India has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years. Here are a few key things that every Indian should know about Indian history:
The Indus Valley Civilization: The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in the world, and it existed in what is now India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh around 2500 BCE.
The Maurya Empire: The Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires in the ancient world, and it existed in India around 320 BCE to 185 BCE. Its most famous ruler was Ashoka the Great, who is known for his policies of nonviolence and religious tolerance.
The Mughal Empire: The Mughal Empire existed in India from 1526 to 1858 and it was one of the most powerful empires in the world during that time. The Mughal emperors were known for their patronage of the arts, architecture, and culture.
The British Raj: The British Raj was the period of British rule in India that lasted from 1858 to 1947. It had a profound impact on India's economy, society, and politics. The Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders was a significant event in Indian history which led to the end of British Raj.

關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道哪些事情？
印度有著跨越數(shù)千年的豐富多樣的歷史。以下是每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該了解的關(guān)于印度歷史的幾件關(guān)鍵事情：
印度河流域文明：印度河流域文化是世界上最早的文明之一，大約在公元前2500年存在于現(xiàn)在的印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉國(guó)。
孔雀帝國(guó)：孔雀帝國(guó)是古代世界最大的帝國(guó)之一，大約在公元前320年至公元前185年存在于印度。其最著名的統(tǒng)治者是阿育王大帝，他以非暴力和宗教寬容政策而聞名。
莫臥兒帝國(guó)：莫臥兒王朝存在于1526年至1858年的印度，是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最強(qiáng)大的帝國(guó)之一。莫臥兒皇帝以其對(duì)藝術(shù)、建筑和文化的贊助而聞名。
英國(guó)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期：英國(guó)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期是英國(guó)在印度的統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，從1858年持續(xù)到1947年。它對(duì)印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和政治產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。圣雄甘地和其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的印度獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)是印度歷史上導(dǎo)致英國(guó)統(tǒng)治結(jié)束的一件大事。

Partition of India: The partition of India in 1947 was a significant event in Indian history that led to the creation of two independent nations: India and Pakistan. The partition led to one of the largest mass migration in human history and caused widespread violence and loss of life.
Indian Constitution: India's Constitution, adopted in 1950, is one of the longest and most comprehensive constitutions in the world. It is the supreme law of India and lays out the frxwork for the country's political system and its citizens' rights and duties.
Indian Economy: India has one of the world's fastest-growing major economies, and it is a key player in the global economy. The Indian economy has been growing rapidly in recent years and has an important role in the world economy.
These are just a few examples of the key events and aspects of Indian history, and there are many other important events and figures that have shaped India's history and culture. Understanding India's history is essential to understanding its present and future, and it can help to appreciate the diversity of the country, understand the roots of some of the current issues and be more informed citizens.

印度分治：1947年的印度分治是印度歷史上的一個(gè)重大事件，導(dǎo)致建立了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立國(guó)家：印度和巴基斯坦。分治導(dǎo)致了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的大規(guī)模移民之一，并造成了廣泛的暴力和死亡。
印度憲法：1950年通過的印度憲法是世界上最長(zhǎng)、最全面的憲法之一。它是印度的最高法律，規(guī)定了該國(guó)政治制度及其公民權(quán)利和義務(wù)的框架。
印度經(jīng)濟(jì)：印度是世界上增長(zhǎng)最快的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一，也是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)鍵參與者。近年來，印度經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)迅速，在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。
這些只是印度歷史上關(guān)鍵事件和方面的幾個(gè)例子，還有許多其他重要事件和人物塑造了印度的歷史和文化。了解印度的歷史對(duì)于了解其現(xiàn)在和未來至關(guān)重要，它有助于了解該國(guó)的多樣性，了解當(dāng)前一些問題的根源，并成為更知情的公民。

Anonymous
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
I want every Indian to know that the person we call “Mahatma Gandhi” was NOT a Mahatma, but a Greedy and Selfish person.
Now, There are three reasons why i dislike Mohandas Gandhi:-
First, His role in partition of India which resulted in bloodshed and forced migration of millions of people from both sides of the border. People were uprooted from their ancestral homes(especially in the Punjab region), and were forced to live homeless and hungry. I myself belong to a Punjabi refugee family from Sialkot(Western Punjab), therefore i can understand the pain which my family had to suffer during the partition. Similarly i can feel for the innocent Musli... of Eastern Punjab who were forced to migrate to other side of the border. I am not saying that only Jinnah or Nehru were involved in partition, but Gandhi is to be equally blamed as he did not prevent partition even though he could.

關(guān)于印度歷史，每個(gè)印度人都應(yīng)該知道哪些事情？
我想讓每個(gè)印度人都知道，我們稱之為“圣雄甘地”的人不是圣雄，而是一個(gè)貪婪自私的人。
我不喜歡甘地有三個(gè)原因:
首先，他在印度分治中所起的作用導(dǎo)致了流血事件，迫使無數(shù)人從邊境兩側(cè)遷移。人們背井離鄉(xiāng)（尤其是在旁遮普邦地區(qū)），被迫無家可歸，忍饑挨餓。我自己屬于一個(gè)來自錫亞爾科特（旁遮普西部）的旁遮普難民家庭，因此我能理解我的家人在分治期間所遭受的痛苦。同樣，我也替旁遮普東部的無辜穆斯林感到同情，他們被迫遷移到邊境的另一邊。我并不是說只有真納或尼赫魯參與了分治，但甘地也應(yīng)該受到同樣的指責(zé)，因?yàn)樗麤]有阻止分治，要知道他本可以阻止印度的分治的。

Second, sextion of a Womaniser Jawaharlal Nehru over great leader Sardar Patel for the PM of India, IN 1947 Japan was much behind India in economy but due to its own efforts it re-established itself, and India lagged much behind Japan after 60 years of Nehru-Gandhi dynasty. Sardar had visions for the development of the nation. If Sardar were the PM, neither we had any Nehru-Gandhi rule and nor we would be lagging behind even after 60 years of independence. We would be much ahead of all the developed nations.
Third and the most important, his bias against revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh and Subhash Chandra Bose. Everybody knew that how much influential and powerful these both great leaders were that time and Mohandas Gandhi was much behind them, so to overtake them, Mohandas Gandhi killed both of these great personalities. No Punjabi or Bengali can ever forgive Gandhi for this shameful act.

第二，選擇花花公子賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯（Jawaharlal Nehru）而不是偉大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人薩達(dá)爾·帕特爾（Sardar Patel）擔(dān)任印度總理。1947年，日本在經(jīng)濟(jì)上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于印度，但由于自身的努力，它重新建立了自己，在尼赫魯·甘地王朝統(tǒng)治60年后，印度卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于日本。薩達(dá)爾對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展有遠(yuǎn)見。如果薩達(dá)爾是總理，我們就不會(huì)被尼赫魯·甘地統(tǒng)治，即使在獨(dú)立60年后，我們也不會(huì)落后。我們將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于所有發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
第三，也是最重要的一點(diǎn)，他對(duì)巴格特·辛格（Bhagat Singh）和蘇巴斯·錢德拉·鮑斯（Subhash Chandra Bose）等革命者帶有偏見。每個(gè)人都知道，當(dāng)時(shí)這兩位偉大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有多大的影響力和權(quán)力，莫漢達(dá)斯·甘地遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于他們，所以為了超越他們，莫漢達(dá)斯·甘地殺死了這兩位偉人。任何旁遮普人或孟加拉人都無法原諒甘地的這種可恥行為。

NOTE- For those typical Gandhi Bhakts who are asking me to read History books before Writing answers.
Please read this paragraph before commenting.
Do you know when Nathuram Godse was in Jail he wrote a book “Why i killed Gandhi”, but this book was banned by the government as they knew that after reading this book all people will start hating Gandhi
Well, the truth was submerged long ago and the true books were banned and their distorted version was placed in the public , and now some ignorants will ask me to read those distorted books.
And if still not satisfied, then feel free to downvote but kindly don’t post negative comments as they will be dexed soon

注：對(duì)于那些典型的甘地信徒，他們要求我在寫答案之前先讀歷史書。
請(qǐng)?jiān)诎l(fā)表評(píng)論之前閱讀這段話。
你知道嗎，當(dāng)納蘇朗·戈茲(Nathuram Godse)在監(jiān)獄里的時(shí)候，他寫了一本書《我為什么殺了甘地》，但這本書被政府禁止了，因?yàn)樗麄冎雷x過這本書后，所有人都會(huì)開始憎恨甘地。
好吧，真相早就被淹沒了，真實(shí)的書被禁止了，它們的扭曲版本被公開了，現(xiàn)在一些無知的人還會(huì)要求我讀那些扭曲了事實(shí)的書。
如果仍然不滿意，請(qǐng)隨意點(diǎn)踩，但請(qǐng)不要發(fā)表負(fù)面評(píng)論，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芸炀蜁?huì)被刪除。