印度仍然被認(rèn)為是第三世界國家嗎？為什么？(二）
Is India still considered a third world country? Why?
譯文簡介
我不知道你在這里具體困惑了什么。再次閱讀一下文章，它很清楚地提到，將國家分為第一世界、第二世界和第三世界是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的遺物，第三世界國家指的是在冷戰(zhàn)期間既不支持俄羅斯也不支持美國的國家。
正文翻譯
Sai Anirudh
I don't know what exactly is confusing you here. Go through the article again. It is quite clear in mentioning that this system of segregating countries as first world, second world and third world countries is a relic of the cold war era and that a third world country is one that neither supported Russia nor US during the Cold war. It so happened that most of the countries that fell in the category of third world countries were poor and the term “third world” started becoming a derogatory word. So no matter how advanced we become in terms of technology and development, even if India becomes the richest country on this planet, by the original definition, we would still be a third world country. Same goes for countries like Australia and Canada. No matter how poor they get, they will always still be first world countries by the original definition
我不知道你在這里具體困惑了什么。再次閱讀一下文章，它很清楚地提到，將國家分為第一世界、第二世界和第三世界是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的遺物，第三世界國家指的是在冷戰(zhàn)期間既不支持俄羅斯也不支持美國的國家。恰好大多數(shù)被歸類為第三世界國家的國家都很貧窮，因此“第三世界”一詞開始變成了一種貶義詞。所以，無論我們?cè)诩夹g(shù)和發(fā)展方面有多先進(jìn)，即使印度成為地球上最富裕的國家，按照原始定義，我們?nèi)匀皇且粋€(gè)第三世界國家。對(duì)于澳大利亞和加拿大等國家也是如此。無論他們變得多么貧窮，按照原始定義，他們?nèi)詫⑹堑谝皇澜鐕摇?br />
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Ok so first off the stuff about the Cold War is wrong, it was true once but 3rd world now means a country that has not gone through stage 3 of the demographic transitions model. Stage 1–2 and the beginning of stage 3 countries are 3rd world. 1st world is countries that are in stage 4–6.
India could very well make it to stage 3-4 but education has to increase immensely, womens rights and contraceptives need to become commonplace, and population needs to drop (This happens naturally when women's rights, education, and contraceptives increase). India needs to develop its infrastructure and a middle class and things like not owning a toilet need to dwindle down to a few hundred in the whole country.
好吧，首先，關(guān)于冷戰(zhàn)的說法是錯(cuò)誤的，雖然曾經(jīng)是真實(shí)的，但現(xiàn)在第三世界的意思是指那些沒有經(jīng)歷人口轉(zhuǎn)變模型的第三階段的國家。第一、第二階段以及第三階段初期的國家被稱為第三世界國家。第四至第六階段的國家被稱為第一世界國家。印度完全有可能達(dá)到第三或第四階段，但教育水平必須大幅提高，婦女權(quán)益和避孕措施需要普及，并且人口需要減少（當(dāng)婦女權(quán)益、教育和避孕措施增加時(shí)，這種情況會(huì)自然發(fā)生）。印度需要發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，像沒有廁所的情況必須減少到全國只有幾百個(gè)。
It very much is. People will attribute India’s third-worldness to lack of sanitation, education, safety issues, crime rates, lack of infrastructure etc.
All of these are valid reasons. But there’s an even bigger reason. Many people in India still do not want to acknowledge that India has many problems it needs to work on. Acceptance of the problem is the first step towards change. Rather than accepting that they need improvement, most people there just get offended and try to justify how great the country is. Outrage and taking offence has become like a national hobby.
確實(shí)是。人們將印度的第三世界地位歸因于缺乏衛(wèi)生設(shè)施、教育、安全問題、犯罪率和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不足等等。所有這些都是正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?。但還有一個(gè)更大的原因。許多印度人仍然不愿承認(rèn)印度有許多問題需要解決。接受問題是改變的第一步。相比較于那些已經(jīng)看到問題的人來說，大多數(shù)印度人只會(huì)感到憤怒并試圖證明他們的國家有多么偉大。憤怒和冒犯已經(jīng)成為一種國家愛好。
你可能會(huì)說這不是真的。那么，如果你在印度隨機(jī)抽取100個(gè)人，我保證超過50%的人會(huì)對(duì)你指出印度的第三世界狀況感到憤怒。他們會(huì)開始抨擊西方、澳大利亞、歐洲以及其他所有人，以維護(hù)他們的文化和“歷史”優(yōu)越性。
如果你想要改變，停止否認(rèn)現(xiàn)實(shí)。花些時(shí)間做社會(huì)工作。只有當(dāng)我在我們的家鄉(xiāng)村莊參與一些醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到我們的問題有多深層次。我和一個(gè)親戚一起工作了幾個(gè)月，開展了一些醫(yī)療倡議，這揭示了一系列其他問題，包括一些完全荒謬的信仰，導(dǎo)致對(duì)潛在致命和高度傳染疾病的醫(yī)療治療的拒絕。我最大的領(lǐng)悟是，印度的人口像兔子一樣增長，這使得任何努力都付之東流。在他們采取一些措施應(yīng)對(duì)不斷增長的人口之前，國家中的任何事情都不會(huì)改變。這個(gè)單一因素可能是一個(gè)改變游戲規(guī)則的因素。然而，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)太晚了，幾十年前他們應(yīng)該實(shí)施一胎化政策。
Today as of 2022, India hails the title 2nd world country, meaning mediocre to good level economy with average level salaries, other 2nd world nations include: Argentina, China, Korea, Mexico and etc. India has the fastest growing economy at a rate of 9%, India also has the world’s 4th highest GDP at 4 trillion USD with it’s highest earning city being Mumbai at 250 billion USD, India has a good average salary at 8,000 USD a year and about 670 USD per month, a few reasons India isn’t a 1st world nation by now are: overpopulation, India has 1.4 billion people living on 3.2 million KM of land which isn’t enough for that many people so you have states with the population of full blown countries, another one is the british, they stole 45 trillion USD worth of items from India, even still, we have a higher GDP than the UK, are richer and have a well functioning society. India is actually set become a developed nation by 2036, 2034 if we are serious about it, though Modi has plans for 2047, it’s be done by 2035 I think.
Bye.
到2022年的今天，印度被譽(yù)為第二世界國家，意味著中等到好的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和平均水平的薪資，其他第二世界國家包括：阿根廷，中國，韓國，墨西哥等。印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度最快，增長率為9%，印度的GDP也是世界第四高，達(dá)到4萬億美元，其中收入最高的城市是孟買，達(dá)到2500億美元，印度的平均薪資也不錯(cuò)，每年8000美元，每月約670美元。印度至今尚未成為第一世界國家的幾個(gè)原因是：人口過剩，印度有14億人居住在320萬平方公里的土地上，這對(duì)于那么多的人來說是不夠的，所以你有的州人口等同于一個(gè)完整的國家，另一個(gè)原因是英國，他們從印度偷走了價(jià)值45萬億美元的物品，即便如此，我們的GDP還是比英國高，我們更富有，我們的社會(huì)運(yùn)作良好。印度實(shí)際上計(jì)劃在2036年成為發(fā)達(dá)國家，如果我們認(rèn)真對(duì)待的話，可能在2034年就能實(shí)現(xiàn)，盡管莫迪計(jì)劃在2047年實(shí)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為在2035年就能完成。 再見。
In my opinion- YES. Denying this fact doesn't hide the truth about India. You can't hide the truth. Anyone without coloured glasses can see the obvious reality of India. 55% of Indians defecate in the open even today. More than half of the Indians can't afford a toilet.
India could become a great nation, and may even become one but not the way it has been going about it for 60 years.
在我看來-是的。否認(rèn)這個(gè)事實(shí)并不能掩蓋印度的真相。你不能隱藏真相。任何沒有偏見的人都可以看到印度的明顯現(xiàn)實(shí)。即使在今天，還有55%的印度人在戶外如廁。超過一半的印度人買不起廁所。 印度可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)偉大的國家，甚至可能已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)，但這并不是它過去60年來的方式。
I hope some economist sees the answer and writes a better detailed one but for the time being know one thing:- India will remain a third world country forever for it didn't made its fortune in WW II!!
我希望有些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家能看到這個(gè)答案，寫出一個(gè)更詳細(xì)的答案，但是暫時(shí)先知道一件事：印度會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)第三世界國家，因?yàn)樗诙?zhàn)中沒有發(fā)財(cái)！!
Unless a third WW happens and 4th world economy becomes the new third world, then yeah India is technically third world forever!!
沒錯(cuò)！一個(gè)國家是第一世界還是第二世界國家，取決于它在哪次世界大戰(zhàn)中的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，這是一個(gè)過時(shí)的理論。順便說一句，許多第二世界國家因此被歸入原來的國家，因此像個(gè)混蛋一樣用第三世界國家這個(gè)詞來嘲笑那些正在從殖民地恢復(fù)過來的經(jīng)濟(jì)體...哦，等等！..讓我們保持禮貌?！斑^去的管理不善”。 除非發(fā)生第三次世界大戰(zhàn)，第四世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體成為新的第三世界，否則印度在技術(shù)上將永遠(yuǎn)是第三世界！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
As many would have answered, even I stick to the fact that countries which hasn't participated in the world war would be categorised as a third world country which also includes Swiss. Actually this shouldn't be concerned with development of an economy, but most people have started using this term. So a country which hasn't got enough infrastructures would be categorised as a third world country. It’s very difficult to rank India, as in some cases it holds a very good rank and while in other areas it ranks significantly low.
正如許多人所回答的那樣，即使我堅(jiān)持事實(shí)，沒有參加世界大戰(zhàn)的國家也會(huì)被歸類為第三世界國家，其中也包括瑞士。實(shí)際上，這與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展無關(guān)，但大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)開始使用這個(gè)術(shù)語。因此，一個(gè)沒有足夠基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的國家將被歸類為第三世界國家。對(duì)印度進(jìn)行排名非常困難，因?yàn)樵谀承┓矫嫠琶芨?，而在其他領(lǐng)域則排名顯著較低。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
People always consider the per capita income of India and would quote as being a developing country. Let’s think, is it possible for India to achieve a 50000$ / per capita income as that of the present developed countries, I would say if India reached 10000$ per capita income it would be very powerful and would show high level of influence globally.
即使在發(fā)達(dá)國家，國家財(cái)富也僅由20%的人口掌握，這是帕累托定律或80/20法則的基本概念。在印度也是如此。 人們總是考慮印度的人均收入，并引用其作為發(fā)展中國家。讓我們想一想，印度能否實(shí)現(xiàn)每人50000美元的人均收入，就像目前發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣。我認(rèn)為，如果印度達(dá)到每人10000美元的人均收入，它將非常強(qiáng)大，并在全球范圍內(nèi)顯示出高水平的影響力。
Some of the areas which is worthwhile mentioning that India currently needs to showcase itself as a developed country (not based on parameters of per capita income)
正如倫敦商學(xué)院的尼爾馬拉亞·庫馬爾曾經(jīng)說過的那樣，印度在所謂的隱形創(chuàng)新排名中，并且這是一種無形的創(chuàng)新，因?yàn)槟憧赡茏罱K為外國公司工作，專利直接歸他們所有。 以下是印度目前需要展示自己作為發(fā)達(dá)國家的一些值得一提的領(lǐng)域（不基于人均收入的參數(shù)）：
2. PCB – Pollution control board – even though this exists in India, it’s not fully regulated. One can find the black smoke coming out of vehicles months after completing FC ( FC is a local term called as Fitness Condition done for commercial vehicles in India)
1. 人民的健康和安全 - 這可以是在工作場所建立的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不僅適用于大型企業(yè)，也適用于中小型企業(yè)（其收入可能約為1-50億盧比）。
2. PCB（污染控制委員會(huì)）- 盡管在印度存在，但尚未完全監(jiān)管。即使在完成FC（在印度是指商用車輛的適應(yīng)性狀況）后的幾個(gè)月，仍然可以看到車輛冒出黑煙。
3.食品和飲料的標(biāo)簽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，特別是散裝商品。考慮到我們消費(fèi)的幾乎所有食物中都含有農(nóng)藥，不僅在印度而且在全球范圍內(nèi)，宣布我們所吃食物中含有什么變得非常重要。不同之處在于，在發(fā)達(dá)國家，農(nóng)藥的使用是被允許的，但必須符合規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
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4.控制印度自然資源的利用，其中包括水資源。讓我們以可口可樂和百事可樂在喀拉拉邦被禁止生產(chǎn)，理由是違反了自然資源的使用為例。這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在各個(gè)地方得到確立。還應(yīng)該控制噴灑化肥。大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家限制使用氮肥，因?yàn)榈强闪苋莛B(yǎng)分，這意味著它最終會(huì)達(dá)到我們所消費(fèi)的地下水。
Having said all these, India is an emerging economy but is a major economy. Australia for example might be called as a developed economy but only a minor economy because there are some minor things which define the strength of an economy – these are human resources and knowledge which are present in India.
5.政府學(xué)校和政府機(jī)構(gòu)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。應(yīng)該建立對(duì)從政府機(jī)構(gòu)采購商品的信任。例如，從邁索爾政府購買檀香木和從合作社CoOptex購買棉花。在醫(yī)療和教育方面也應(yīng)該是同樣的情況。 盡管如此，印度是一個(gè)新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體，但也是一個(gè)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。例如，澳大利亞可能被稱為發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體，但只是一個(gè)次要經(jīng)濟(jì)體，因?yàn)橛行┐我蛩囟x了一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的實(shí)力 - 這些是人力資源和知識(shí)，而這些在印度是存在的。
I think you mean ‘underdeveloped country’.
Many answers here fail to address the question and seen to come from a position that does not reflect the reality of the true India. I'll outline a few reasons why India is still considered a underdeveloped country.
The simple fact is that India has the highest number of people living in poverty as reported by the world Bank. Poverty is defined as under the $1.90-a- day. Furthermore India accounts for one in three of the poor population worldwide.
我認(rèn)為你的意思是“欠發(fā)達(dá)國家”（underdeveloped country）。 很多回答沒有真正回應(yīng)問題，而是從一個(gè)不符合印度實(shí)際情況的立場來回答。我將概述一些印度仍然被認(rèn)為是欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的原因。 事實(shí)上，根據(jù)世界銀行的報(bào)告，印度有最多的生活在貧困中的人口。貧困被定義為每日收入低于1.90美元。此外，印度占全球貧困人口的三分之一。
Other than poverty India also suffers from endemic corruption which cripples all levels of the economy.
Add to this communal politics that is intended to created religious divide which results in secular riots and regular murders and gang rapes.
在孟買這個(gè)印度最“發(fā)達(dá)”的城市，你只需要離開市中心不遠(yuǎn)，就會(huì)看到人們?cè)诮稚洗笮”恪Ｈ狈πl(wèi)生設(shè)施只是四億印度人無法享受的基本服務(wù)之一。 除了貧困問題，印度還受到普遍存在的腐敗問題的困擾，這使得經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)層面都受到癱瘓。 再加上旨在制造宗教分裂的社群政治，導(dǎo)致世俗騷亂和定期發(fā)生的謀殺和輪奸事件。
The caste system which is still very much in place determines you value to society. If you were unfortunate enough to be born a Dalit you will never rise above the lowest paid occupations. Interestingly Ghandi was a constant champion of the caste system and believed in it's virtues. He also did approve of and support South Africa's apartheid system which has striking similarities.
如果一個(gè)國家的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是對(duì)待婦女的方式，那么包括強(qiáng)迫婚姻、榮譽(yù)謀殺、低勞動(dòng)力利用率和全球最高的輪奸率，印度還有很長的路要走。 種姓制度在印度仍然存在，并決定了你在社會(huì)中的價(jià)值。如果你不幸出生在達(dá)利特（印度最低種姓）家庭，你將永遠(yuǎn)無法脫離最低薪酬的職業(yè)。有趣的是，甘地一直是種姓制度的堅(jiān)定支持者，并相信其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。他還贊成并支持南非的種族隔離制度，這與印度的種姓制度有著驚人的相似之處。
We should put aside the semantics of the '3rd world country' debate and instead use the more accurate phrase - underdeveloped country.
這反映了該國的社會(huì)思維方式，并導(dǎo)致了許多問題的存在。 我們應(yīng)該摒棄“第三世界國家”的爭議，而是使用更準(zhǔn)確的術(shù)語——欠發(fā)達(dá)國家。
I don't think outside India, even in the past, we were considered third world. From my personal experience abroad, I have experienced, people abroad thinking otherwise. It is only here in India, people in their talk give our position as so low down. Nobody abroad even know whether we belong to such low ranks of economies.
So now it may be even more so, as I saw recently in my travels abroad again, in other places than USA, say, Jordan, Egypt, Israel etc;.
The economic well being available there are all almost similar to ours here and so I think we make a mountain our of a molehill regarding this third world identity we feel trapped in.
我認(rèn)為在印度以外，即使是在過去，我們也不被認(rèn)為是第三世界。從我個(gè)人在國外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，我有過人們有不同的看法的經(jīng)歷。只有在印度，人們?cè)谡勗捴邪盐覀兊奈恢谜f得如此低下。國外的人甚至不知道我們是否屬于這樣低等的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。 所以現(xiàn)在可能更是如此，因?yàn)槲易罱谖业暮Ｍ饴眯兄性俅慰吹?，在美國以外的地方，比如約旦，埃及，以色列等等； 那里的經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉幾乎都與我們這里的相似，所以我認(rèn)為我們對(duì)這個(gè)第三世界的身份感到困擾，我們把小題大做。
basically the name “third world country” has no such relevance except during the WTO negotiations which is like a “l(fā)ow hanging fruit” for all WTO members but failed to achieve any fruit as a multilateral institution.with the continued push towards each other either in terms of economy or any other there have been increase in the interdependence among countries.the concept of third world countries was much prominent after the India’s independence, during which it played an effective role as one of the leaders of the third world countries.the concept remained for few decades after which the globalization paved way for the interdependence among the nations
基本上，“第三世界國家”這個(gè)名字除了在世貿(mào)組織的談判中沒有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的意義，這就像所有世貿(mào)組織成員的“低垂的果實(shí)”，但作為一個(gè)多邊機(jī)構(gòu)卻沒有取得任何果實(shí)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)或其他方面的相互推動(dòng)下，各國之間的相互依賴性有所增加。第三世界國家的概念在印度獨(dú)立后變得更為突出，期間它作為第三世界國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者之一發(fā)揮了有效的作用。這個(gè)概念持續(xù)了幾十年，之后全球化為各國之間的相互依賴鋪平了道路。