為什么極端的親以色列觀點在印度如此受歡迎?

Dr. Balaji Viswanathan
India’s opinion has swung from caution to friendly to extreme support in just a few years. I will give the background for this.
Many Hindus and some non-Muslim Indians see Israel’s problems are similar to India’s. Even as a child I grew up hearing my father talk about the formation of Hamas and other terror groups that threaten peace. The narrative especially in upper caste Hindu families is that, Israel is bold enough to do something India is too cautious to do.

印度的觀點在短短幾年內從謹慎轉變?yōu)橛押?，再到極力支持。我將給出這一背景。
許多印度教徒和一些非穆斯林印度人認為以色列的問題與印度的問題相似。就連我小時候也經常聽到我父親談論哈馬斯等恐怖組織的形成，這些組織威脅到和平。尤其是在上層種姓印度家庭中，這種敘述認為以色列勇敢地做了印度過于謹慎而不敢做的事情。
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If you go back in time, India has been the one rare place in the world where Jews were never persecuted. Indians usually like religions that doesn’t spread or threaten existing religions. That means India has always had a soft corner for Israel and Jews. India also became the first non-western country to recognize the state of Israel.

如果回顧歷史，印度是世界上少有的猶太人從未受迫害的地方。印度通常喜歡那些不傳教或對現有宗教構成威脅的宗教。這意味著印度一直對以色列和猶太人懷有同情之情。印度還成為第一個承認以色列國家的非西方國家。

However, under Nehru’s time period, India was too cautious on this subject so as to not alienate the Indian Musli.... In 1940s-50s, India was quite worried about another partition and thus the opinion has always been to give a lot of importance to the opinion of Indian Musli.... There was also the colonial-era mindset, where India saw many Israelis as European settlers while the Palestinians were native. As Jews from across the Middle East were cleansed and forced into Israel, this narrative of Indians seeing the Jews as European settlers went away.

然而，在尼赫魯時代，印度在這個問題上過于謹慎，以免疏遠印度穆斯林。在20世紀40年代至50年代，印度非常擔心另一次分裂，因此人們一直非常重視印度穆斯林的意見。還有殖民時代的心態(tài)，印度認為許多以色列人是歐洲定居者，而巴勒斯坦人是本地人。隨著來自中東各地的猶太人被清洗并被迫進入以色列，印度人將猶太人視為歐洲定居者的敘述消失了。

There were other considerations. India needed the Soviet help and the Soviets were strongly behind the Palestine cause. India also badly needed the middle east oil and thus had to be cautious.
In some sense, Indian leaders saw their relationship with Israel as akin to keeping mistress — they loved the relationship but too shy to admit in public. Nehru’s descendents kept that policy. This began to change in the 1990s with the arrival of Narasimha Rao —the first important leader who came from outside the family. He began the formal relationship with Israel.

還有其他考慮因素。印度需要蘇聯的幫助，而蘇聯強烈支持巴勒斯坦事業(yè)。印度也急需中東石油，因此必須謹慎行事。
從某種意義上說，印度領導人將他們與以色列的關系視為保持情人關系的一種方式——他們喜歡這種關系，但在公開場合不敢承認。尼赫魯的后代繼續(xù)保持這一政策。這在20世紀90年代隨著來自家族外部的重要領導人拉奧的到來而開始改變。他建立了與以色列的正式關系。

When the Hindu nationalists rose under the BJP in 1998, this relationship began substantially important. BJP saw Nehru’s reservations irrelevant and began to make the relationship public.

當印度人民黨（BJP）在1998年崛起時，這種關系變得更加重要。印度人民黨認為尼赫魯的保留觀點不重要，并開始公開展示這種關系。

A new dynamics has emerged:
1. There is no more Soviet unx and Russia’s opinions on Israel no longer matter to India.
2. India has a much better economic cushion and more diverse energy sources. Thus, Arab opinions don’t matter as much as it did. Even the Arabs have softened their stance on Israel.
3. India has moved closer to West and USA.
4. India sees deep tech relationship with Israel as quite useful. Especially in defense.
5. BJP has given up on Muslim votes and thus they don’t see a reason to placate them. The more the Indian Musli... talk about the Palestine cause, the more the Hindus support Israel.

出現了新的動態(tài)：
1. 蘇聯不存在了，俄羅斯對以色列的意見不再對印度重要。
2. 印度有更好的經濟墊底和更多樣化的能源來源。因此，阿拉伯國家的觀點不再像以前那么重要。即使阿拉伯國家對以色列的立場也已經軟化。
3. 印度與西方和美國的關系越來越緊密。
4. 印度認為與以色列在高科技領域的關系非常有用，特別是在國防方面。
5. 印度人民黨放棄了爭取穆斯林選票的理由，因此他們沒有理由討好他們。印度穆斯林越多談論巴勒斯坦事業(yè)，印度教徒越支持以色列。

That said, the extreme views are something not in line with the majority Hindu opinion. The BJP government recognizes the Palestine Authority and strongly backs the two state solution. Also, the proportion of response to terror is very different. When Pakistan attacks India, India gives a proportionate response, making the episode short, thus leading to far more peace in India. Israel’s responses are arguably stronger making the problem persistent.

話雖如此，極端觀點并不符合大多數印度教徒的意見。印度人民黨政府承認巴勒斯坦權力機構，并堅決支持兩國解決方案。此外，對待恐怖行動的反應比例也有很大不同。當巴基斯坦攻擊印度時，印度會以相稱的反擊作出回應，使事件短暫化，從而在印度帶來更多的和平。以色列的反擊力度據說更強，導致問題長期存在。
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Nabeel Tharammal Chamayil
Modi govt not antagonizing Arab countries is not due to consideration for 20 core Musli... in India. Its because of our economic interest in middle east.Millions of Indians are working and doing business in Arab counties. Morever, we also have billions dollar trade with them. Middle east is very important market for our agricultural products and we also buy crude oil from them.Whereas,Isreal is very small country with small market for Indian products.
Even in the Nupur Sharma controversy. BJP forced to take action against her because of this Arab world influence not because BJP fearing backlash of Indian Musli....

莫迪政府不對阿拉伯國家采取對抗態(tài)度，這并不是因為考慮到印度的2億穆斯林。而是因為我們在中東的經濟利益。數百萬印度人在阿拉伯國家工作和做生意，同時我們也與他們進行數十億美元的貿易。中東是我們農產品非常重要的市場，我們還從他們那里購買原油。而以色列是一個非常小的國家，對印度產品的市場很小。 即使在努普爾·夏爾瑪的爭議中，人民黨也被迫采取行動，因為阿拉伯世界的影響力，而不是因為人民黨害怕印度穆斯林的反彈。

SwiftOne SonOfSun
Pakistani terrorist attacks upon India, is not something threatening the existence of India as a nation - Pakistan is not refusing to recognize India as nation at all. Bharath has huge territory, population & entrenched. And Pakistan is a nuclear armed state- dysfunctional, but still a sovereign state. Hence Bharat’s response has to be measured.
Whereas Israel’s challenge is far more existential. They don’t have much territory compared to their Arab neighbours, population is hardly twice of Gaza+West Bank. Terrorists aren’t demanding just some piece of land like Kashmir, but the extinction of Jewish State & people.
So Israel can’t be ‘proportional’ like India, in response.
It is not Israel’s response to terrorism, that makes the problem persistent. But the Arab refusal to accept any two-state plan (5 & counting).

巴基斯坦對印度的恐怖襲擊并沒有威脅到印度作為一個國家的存在——巴基斯坦根本沒有拒絕承認印度是一個國家。印度領土遼闊，人口眾多，根深蒂固。巴基斯坦是一個擁有核武器的國家——功能失調，但仍然是一個主權國家。因此，印度的反應必須有分寸。
而以色列的挑戰(zhàn)則更關乎生死存亡。與阿拉伯鄰國相比，他們的領土不多，人口幾乎是加沙和西岸的兩倍?？植婪肿右蟮牟粌H僅是克什米爾這樣的土地，而是猶太國家和人民的滅絕。
所以以色列不能像印度那樣“按比例”回應。
并不是以色列對恐怖主義的反應使問題持續(xù)存在。但是阿拉伯人拒絕接受任何兩國方案(5個國家)。

Ankur G
Israel has no choice but to respond aggressively to create deterrence. For those who think this is unreasonable, imagine being surrounded by wolves from all sides who are ready to pounce on you and take a bite.

以色列別無選擇，只能采取積極的反應來制造威懾。對于那些認為這樣做是不合理的人來說，想象一下被從四面八方包圍并隨時準備撲向你并咬你一口的狼。

Jose San Marco
Ankur, I agree with you.
You have to treat the Islamic creed of extreme violence and treachery with ,often times, the same violence multiplied by 10.. It is their religion and their historical tradition.(Extreme violence and treachery.) The central Asian Turks or Mongols who took over the Leadership of Islam after the
12th centuary or thereabouts, horned Islam into an extremely violent and treacherous war machine.
Match their violence and they will run like rats. The Hindus who guarded the Khyber retained that motto.
Otherwise you loose to them.
Hindus came under the Muslim boot because we did not match their violence and treachery.
The Hindu Brahmans, the ultimate ‘ self preservation society’, will give you miriad justifications for cowardice.
But for the English war Canons and their notorious guile, there would probably still be Muslim rulers in India. Tipu's descendants would be ruling in the South and Murshidabad would still be the Capital of Bengal

Ankur，我同意你的觀點。 你必須以相同的暴力乘以10來對待極端暴力和背叛的伊斯蘭信條。這是他們的宗教和歷史傳統。中亞土耳其人或蒙古人在12世紀左右之后接管了伊斯蘭領導權，把伊斯蘭變成了一個極端暴力和背叛的戰(zhàn)爭機器。 匹配他們的暴力，他們會像老鼠一樣逃跑。守衛(wèi)開伯爾口岸的印度教徒保留了這個座右銘。 否則你會輸給他們。印度教徒受到穆斯林的迫害，因為我們無法與他們的暴力和背叛相匹配。 印度的英國戰(zhàn)爭大炮及其臭名昭著的狡猾，使得印度可能仍然有穆斯林統治者。提普·蘇丹的后代將在南部統治，并且莫斯里達巴德仍將是孟加拉的首都。
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Paras Malviya
Israel knows that land as Israelites centuries before the advent of Islam. Later various dynasty rules Israelites like Romans, Assyrians, Ottoman and later Brits. Almost all of them throw away locals (Israelites) and persecution continued for centuries before Jews envision and rightfully restore the land which is historically theirs. Like their is only one country which has Hindu roots in India, same goes for Israel as that's the only country of Jews. So its not the fight for land but fight for Survivals for Jews.

在伊斯蘭教出現之前的幾個世紀，以色列人就知道這片土地。后來，羅馬人、亞述人、奧斯曼人以及后來的英國人等不同王朝統治了以色列人。幾乎所有這些王朝都拋棄了當地人（以色列人），迫害持續(xù)了幾個世紀，直到猶太人設想并理所當然地恢復了歷史上屬于他們的土地。就像印度只有一個印度教國家一樣，以色列也是唯一的猶太人國家。因此，這不是為土地而戰(zhàn)，而是為猶太人的生存而戰(zhàn)。

Partha Kansabanik (????? ???????) (????? ???????)
An excellent answer as usual! But I feel that two important points have been missed.
The support provided by Israel without any publicity during the 1971 war and the 1999 Kargil war is another important factor behind Indian people’s support for Israel.
Further, Indian people now genuinely feel that both Israel and India are at the receiving end of Islamic terrorism.

像往常一樣，非常好的答案！但我覺得漏掉了兩個重要的點。 1971年戰(zhàn)爭和1999年卡吉爾戰(zhàn)爭期間以色列在沒有任何公開的情況下提供的支持，是印度人民支持以色列的另一個重要因素。 此外，印度人民現在真正感到，伊斯蘭教恐怖主義對以色列和印度都造成了影響。

Bob Gluck
There’s a long list of militant Moslem countries and groups. Not so Jews. Not so other religions. Islam has militant tendencies. Of course, not all Moslems buy into this. They need to speak up. Islam needs to move out of the dark ages. Needs to renounce Jihad. Needs to resolve its own internal grievances i.e. loads of killing and suffering in Syria, and loads of refugees. Largely ignored by those obsessed with destroying Israel.

好戰(zhàn)的穆斯林國家和團體不勝枚舉。猶太人則不然。其他宗教則不然。伊斯蘭教有好戰(zhàn)的傾向。當然，并不是所有的穆斯林都相信這一點。他們需要大聲疾呼。伊斯蘭教需要走出黑暗時代。需要放棄圣戰(zhàn)。需要解決自己內部的不滿，如敘利亞的大量殺戮和苦難，以及大量難民。而那些執(zhí)著于摧毀以色列的人卻對此視而不見。

Anirban Kar
In all fairness, Kurds and Rohingyas have it much worse than Nigerian Musli.... No one bats an eyelid about them either, Kurds being bombed out of their existence by Turkey as I type this— while Erdogan and Turkey are worshipped by many in the subcontinent. Palestinians get all the support because of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa compound, that’s pretty much it.

公平地說，庫爾德人和羅興亞人比尼日利亞穆斯林更加糟糕。沒有人會去關心他們，庫爾德人被土耳其炸毀，而我打這篇文章時，而埃爾多安和土耳其卻受到許多次大陸的崇拜。巴勒斯坦人得到所有支持的原因是因為耶路撒冷和阿克薩清真寺，就是這樣。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Are they?
I mean are they seriously?
I think most of the country doesn't know where Israel is located or anything about Israel - Palestine history
You do know Twitter, Quora and Social Media form maybe 5% or 10% of the country right?

他們是認真的嗎？我是說他們是認真的嗎？
我認為大多數國家不知道以色列位于哪里，也不了解以色列-巴勒斯坦的歷史。您知道Twitter、Quora和社交媒體只占該國的5％或10％，對嗎？

India is not Pro Israel
India is just playing the non aligned card
It's why we abstain against most resolutions either favoring or against Israel or Palestine
On one hand - India wants to stay close to the West and the Americans and that means a positive relationship with Israel
On the other hand - India cannot antagonize the Middle East especially with Crores of Musli... in India
As to Pro Israel views being popular on Social Media
That's because Israel is perceived as a Nation fighting against Islamic terror and in India that's always a plus as far as Hindus are concerned
If you notice, even in Europe and UK and USA, the trend of Social media has changed and now there is only horror expressed at the death of so many Civilians
Yet India, we still have huge traction for the Israelis

印度并不支持以色列，印度只是打不結盟牌。這就是為什么我們在支持或反對以色列或巴勒斯坦的大多數決議上棄權。
一方面，印度希望與西方和美國保持密切關系，這意味著與以色列建立積極的關系。另一方面，印度不能激怒中東，尤其是在印度有億萬穆斯林的情況下。
至于在社交媒體上支持以色列的觀點為何受歡迎，那是因為以色列被視為與伊斯蘭恐怖主義作斗爭的國家，在印度，對于印度教徒來說，這總是個優(yōu)勢。
如果您注意到，即使在歐洲、英國和美國，社交媒體的趨勢也發(fā)生了變化，現在只有對許多平民死亡表示恐慌。
然而在印度，我們對以色列仍然有很大的關注。

B. Raghuram
Basically Modi has done exactly opposite of what Indian Government has done before 2013.
Starting from
Leaning towards US by Modi - which India has not done since the humiliation of Indira Gandhi by Nixon that led to the Defence pact with Soviet unx.
IGNORING the neighbouring Countries by Modi- It has cost India dearly as China has gained upper hand with Nepal, SriLanka, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), with the only exception of Bangladesh.
Increasing ties with Israel by Modi- ties with the Middle East are jinxed which affects trade relations with Billions involved just for the sake of Adani’s port in Israel.
Ignoring Russia by Modi- Grave mistake by ignoring Putin thus loosing the biggest support in the continent of Asia wherein Putin retaliated by supplying arms to Pakistan.

基本上，莫迪所做的與2013年之前的印度政府完全相反。 從以下方面開始： 向美國傾斜——自英迪拉·甘地被尼克松羞辱導致與蘇聯簽訂防務協議以來，印度從未這樣做過。 忽視周邊國家——這讓印度代價高昂，因為中國在尼泊爾、斯里蘭卡、不丹、緬甸（緬甸）方面占據了上風，唯一的例外是孟加拉國。 加強與以色列的聯系——與中東的關系是倒霉的，這影響著涉及數十億美元的貿易關系，只為了阿達尼港口在以色列的緣故。 忽視俄羅斯——忽視普京是一個嚴重的錯誤，失去了亞洲大陸上最大的支持者，普京以對巴基斯坦提供武器作為報復。

Bishwajeet Narayan Deb
This is the price the nation is paying for electing a half-educated man to rule the nation. A man with self-esteem wouldn't have gone to meet the enemy nation's president eighteen times. Doing opposite of what the earlier PMs is no crime provided it brings good to the nation.

這就是國家因為選舉一個半文盲來統治國家而付出的代價。一個有自尊心的人不會去拜會敵國總統十八次。反其道而行之并不是犯罪，前提是它給國家?guī)砗锰帯?/b>