作為一個(gè)日本人，你在訪問(wèn)美國(guó)時(shí)遇到了哪些文化沖擊?（一）

Paul Francis
I’m American not Japanese, but I did live in Japan six years and experienced a cultural shock upon returning. After returning from Japan, I lived in the bay area and commuted using the BART train system. One day the system was having technical issues and the trains were running late. A lot of people were on the platform waiting for the next train, so I queued up behind a group of 30 or so people.
After a while the train pulls in and I was relieved to see that it was only about half full. The train stops, the doors open, and nobody moves to get on. I was wondering what could be wrong when after a few moments it dawned on me: These people think the train is full!
In the USA, a train is full when people are nearly touching each other. In Japan, a train is full when you cannot possibly squeeze another person in. The “full” train I was looking at could literally hold two or three times more people, and in Japan it would have.
I am for better or worse one of these dickheads that often think the rules don’t apply to him, and so I just walked around everybody in front of me and started to get on the train. Someone said “Hey buddy, this trains full. Why don’t you wait for the next one?” To which I said “There’s plenty of room.”
So I got on. People grumbled a bit but shifted around to make room. Still nobody was touching.

我是美國(guó)人，不是日本人，但我確實(shí)在日本生活了六年，回國(guó)后經(jīng)歷了文化沖擊。從日本回來(lái)后，我住在舊金山灣區(qū)，使用BART列車(chē)系統(tǒng)通勤。有一天，列車(chē)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了技術(shù)問(wèn)題，火車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了。站臺(tái)上有很多人在等下一班火車(chē)，所以我排在大約30人的后面。
過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，火車(chē)停了下來(lái)，看到火車(chē)只坐了一半，我松了一口氣?；疖?chē)停了下來(lái)，車(chē)門(mén)開(kāi)著，沒(méi)有人上車(chē)。我想知道怎么了，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，我突然意識(shí)到：這些人認(rèn)為火車(chē)已經(jīng)滿了！
在美國(guó)，當(dāng)人們幾乎要互相觸碰時(shí)，火車(chē)上就是已經(jīng)客滿的狀態(tài)。在日本，當(dāng)你無(wú)法擠進(jìn)另一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，火車(chē)才是滿載狀態(tài)。我所看到的“滿的”火車(chē)實(shí)際上還可以容納兩到三倍的人，在日本確實(shí)是這樣是。
不管怎樣，我是那種經(jīng)常認(rèn)為規(guī)則不適用于自己的白癡，所以我繞過(guò)前面的所有人，開(kāi)始上火車(chē)。有人說(shuō)：“嘿，伙計(jì)，這列火車(chē)已經(jīng)滿了。你為什么不等下一列呢？”對(duì)此，我說(shuō)：“有足夠的空間呢?！?br /> 所以我就上了車(chē)。人們抱怨了一下，但還是挪了挪地方，不過(guò)仍然沒(méi)有人會(huì)碰到他人。

Hidesato Sakakibara
What sort of culture shock do Japanese people experience in America?
Each person is different, but I believe that most of us are shocked at the following:
1. People are far less free to say what they feel unlike what we have been led to believe, due to political correctness, etc.
2. The size of most food portions is enough to feed a horse. This goes for drinks as well.
3. There are no bidet toilets and dry paper is all you have to wipe your bottom. (Yuck!)
4. The US older housing is far larger than that of Japan, whereas the newer housing is more comparable in size to what we are used to.

日本人在美國(guó)經(jīng)歷了什么樣的文化沖擊？
每個(gè)人都不一樣，但我相信我們大多數(shù)人都對(duì)以下幾點(diǎn)感到震驚：
由于政治正確等原因，人們很難自由地表達(dá)自己的感受，而不是像我們被引導(dǎo)去相信的那樣。
大部分食物的份量足以喂飽一匹馬。這也適用于飲料。
這里沒(méi)有坐浴盆廁所，你只能用干紙擦屁股。（哎喲！）
美國(guó)的老房子比日本的大得多，而新房子的大小與我們習(xí)慣的房子更相似。
5. As for the large cities, they are far more expensive than Japanese cities. Especially for housing. Comparing central Tokyo (都心) to Manhattan, an equally sized condominium in New York costs many times that of Tokyo. The real estate taxes and common charges are also far higher.

6. Many of the department stores in America look very nice but the variety of goods is far less than what we have come to expect in Japan or in most Asian cities for that matter. In all the years I was there I had yet to see any store remotely like Tokyu Hands.
7. No single payer health insurance. So if your company is not picking up the tab you are on your own with that one.
8. The food in restaurants is often either over salty or garlicky.
9. People are very outgoing and friendly one day but may give you the cold shoulder the next!

至于大城市，物價(jià)比日本城市貴得多，尤其是住房。比較東京市中心(都心) 和曼哈頓，紐約一套同樣大小的公寓的價(jià)格是東京的許多倍。房地產(chǎn)稅和普通費(fèi)用也高得多。
美國(guó)的許多百貨公司看起來(lái)都很不錯(cuò)，但商品的種類(lèi)遠(yuǎn)不如我們?cè)谌毡净虼蠖鄶?shù)亞洲城市所期望的那樣。 我在那里待了這么多年，我還沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)一個(gè)商店能夠接近像TOKYUHANDS百貨商店的程度。
沒(méi)有單一付款人醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，所以，如果你的公司不承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用，你就得自己承擔(dān)了。
餐館里的食物通常不是太咸就是有大蒜味。
人們前一天很外向，很友好，但第二天可能會(huì)對(duì)你冷淡！

10. People feel free to wear their dirty shoes, wet or not, into someone’s home even if they have carpeting! It is just assumed that the host will “clean it all up afterwards.”
11. America is thought to be the richest nation in the world, but that only holds true for their top 5%. Most others are just getting by. Even in one American company I worked at, so many people would be borrowing money from each other. I was asked more than a few times to lend money ($40 or $50 or other such amounts).
12. LGBT people are far freer to express themselves in the cities but can very easily be assaulted or killed in the more rural parts of the country.
13. The lack of toothpick availability at most restaurants.
14. In general public lighting is on the dark side. I noticed this in people’s homes as well. No matter where I went (save the Las Vegas strip or some other glitzy area), I felt as if I was in a dark and dingy bar.

人們可以隨意穿臟鞋，不管濕不濕，進(jìn)入別人的家，即使他們有地毯！人們只是假設(shè)主人會(huì)“事后收拾干凈”。
美國(guó)被認(rèn)為是世界上最富有的國(guó)家，但這只適用于最富有的5%。其他大多數(shù)人只是勉強(qiáng)過(guò)得去。即使在我工作的一家美國(guó)公司，也有很多人互相借錢(qián)。我不止一次被要求借錢(qián)(40美元或50美元或其他數(shù)額)。
LGBT人群在城市里可以更自由地表達(dá)自己，但在農(nóng)村地區(qū)卻很容易遭到襲擊或殺害。
大多數(shù)餐館都沒(méi)有牙簽。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，公共照明偏暗。我在人們的家里也注意到這一點(diǎn)。無(wú)論我走到哪里(除了拉斯維加斯大道或其他一些炫目的地區(qū))，我都覺(jué)得自己好像在一個(gè)黑暗而骯臟的酒吧里。

15. Public transportation is perhaps some of the worst for any so-called “developed” country. At least in New York City I thought there would be a top-class metro system but instead got what looked like a dungeon, with constant delays and often dirty.
16. For long distance travel, high-speed trains are non-existent. Amtrak for the most part uses trains that would be in museums in other countries.
17. For a country that is made up of so many different people, people for the large part are very insular. Many don’t want to travel abroad and some don’t even want to leave their communities. I don’t know how many times I have heard people tell me, when I invited them to Japan, “Oh no. Sorry. I haven’t seen all the states yet.” There are 50 states! Do they mean they plan to see each and every state before venturing abroad?
18. The quality of older houses in the US is far better than that of newer homes unless one is willing to spend a fortune. This is the opposite of Japan, where our older homes were/are of crappy quality whereas the newer homes are far better if not excellent.

公共交通可能是任何所謂的“發(fā)達(dá)”國(guó)家中最糟糕的。至少在紐約，我原本以為那里會(huì)有一流的地鐵系統(tǒng)，但其地鐵系統(tǒng)卻是看起來(lái)像個(gè)地牢，經(jīng)常晚點(diǎn)，而且經(jīng)常很臟
對(duì)于長(zhǎng)途旅行來(lái)說(shuō)，高速列車(chē)是不存在的。美鐵使用的火車(chē)在很大程度上是其他國(guó)家博物館里的火車(chē)。
對(duì)于一個(gè)由許多不同的民族的人組成的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)人都非常孤立。許多人不想出國(guó)旅行，有些人甚至不想離開(kāi)自己的社區(qū)。當(dāng)我邀請(qǐng)他們?nèi)ト毡緯r(shí)，我不知道有多少次，他們告訴我：“哦，不。對(duì)不起。我還沒(méi)有看完所有的州呢。”美國(guó)有50個(gè)州！他們的意思是，在出國(guó)冒險(xiǎn)之前，他們是計(jì)劃走遍每個(gè)州嗎？
在美國(guó)，老房子的質(zhì)量遠(yuǎn)比新房子好，除非你愿意花一大筆錢(qián)。這與日本正好相反，在日本，我們的老房子質(zhì)量很差，而新房子即使不是很好，也要好得多。

19. A severe lack of public toilets. This goes for their many metro stations as well! On more than one occasion I had to get off the train, leave the system, find a department store or restaurant, use the toilet there, then get back into the metro and on the train! This would be unimaginable in Japan and many other countries.
20. Depending upon the state you live in, most restaurant bills are padded by at least 25%. Once you take into consideration the tip that you “must” pay and the tax, your bill will be at least 25% higher.
21. Despite the notion that the US is a large melting pot, what I noticed was extreme amounts of self-inflicted segregation. Mixing is mostly on the surface, but not that much other than being superficial.
This is what I and others have observed and were shocked at, at first. Given time however, we got used to it and it seemed normal.

公共廁所嚴(yán)重缺乏。這也適用于他們的許多地鐵站！不止一次，我不得不下車(chē)，離開(kāi)鐵路系統(tǒng)，找一家百貨公司或餐館，在那里上廁所，然后回到地鐵！這在日本和許多其他國(guó)家是難以想象的。
根據(jù)你居住的州，大多數(shù)餐館的賬單至少會(huì)增加25%。一旦你考慮到你“必須”支付的小費(fèi)和稅款，你的賬單將至少高出25%。
盡管有人認(rèn)為美國(guó)是一個(gè)大熔爐，但我注意到的是極端的自我隔離。融合主要是表面上的，但除了表面，其實(shí)融合的沒(méi)有那么多。
這就是我和其他人一開(kāi)始觀察到并感到震驚的情況。然而，隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們習(xí)慣了，這似乎很正常。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Shizuya Tsundoku
My goodness, so many cultural shocks. Off of the top of my head, here are a few:
1.) Shoes
This was probably the first thing I noticed when I went to the United States. No one seemed to take their shoes off when going into any type of building. I found it rather odd though I knew prior to visiting that they didn’t follow customs like that.
2.) Talking and Speech
Americans generally speak in a louder and more blunt tone than countries in East Asia. One thing that stood out to me when I first visited was how close they would put their face next to you when talking and their distinct way of laughing. I honestly didn’t have a big issue with it for the most part although I can be quite sensitive to loud noises, touch, and certain types of personalities. Slang and sarcasm was used commonly as well, something, while not rare, but not often used in Japan.
3.) Toilets
The toilets in the U.S are scandalous! (In my opinion). They use a sheet of paper to wipe their private parts instead of using bidets. I personally think it’s disgusting, but the toilets mechanics are simpler, I suppose.

天哪，非常多文化沖擊。在我的腦海中，記得以下這些：
鞋子
這可能是我去美國(guó)時(shí)注意到的第一件事。進(jìn)入任何類(lèi)型的建筑時(shí)，似乎都沒(méi)有人脫鞋。我覺(jué)得很奇怪，盡管我在參觀之前就知道他們沒(méi)有遵守脫鞋的習(xí)俗。
談話和講話
美國(guó)人說(shuō)話的聲音通常比東亞國(guó)家更響亮、更直率。當(dāng)我第一次去美國(guó)拜訪時(shí)，給我留下深刻印象的是，他們說(shuō)話時(shí)把臉貼在你旁邊的距離非常近，他們笑的方式也很獨(dú)特。老實(shí)說(shuō)，于我而言，在很大程度上并沒(méi)有什么大問(wèn)題，盡管我對(duì)大聲的噪音、觸摸和某些類(lèi)型的個(gè)性非常敏感。俚語(yǔ)和諷刺也經(jīng)常被使用，在日本雖然并不罕見(jiàn)，但并不經(jīng)常使用。
衛(wèi)生間
美國(guó)的衛(wèi)生間真丟人！（在我看來(lái)）。他們用一張紙擦拭自己的私處，而不是用坐浴盆。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為這很惡心，但我認(rèn)為這廁所的機(jī)制也太簡(jiǎn)單了。

4.) Quantity vs Quality
While quality is still valued, most things in the United States were large in proportions or quantity. In Japan, people are very thin and small, though in the U.S it is more common to see overweight people. This is most likely because of marketing and how junk food is much cheaper than organic foods (which is understandable). It was sad to see and many people didn’t get the exercise they needed because most people drive cars (again, are very convenient). Meals at restaurants were also large, as well as houses and many buildings.
5.) Reading
Books in the U.S, and most other places, are read from left to right. Books in Japan are read right to left. This surprised me despite knowing beforehand. For some reason they keep manga nearly the same, though. Japanese is traditionally read vertically, but it did not surprise me to see English read horizontally since all my schools taught it.
6.) Driving
I was used to seeing cars driving on the right side, although I had visited places that drove on the left side. My friend was initially confused and a little frightened, but he soon understood. I was surprised to see that the minimal legal age to drive was sixteen. I thought that was a little young. I visited a place in the U.S where it was fourteen.

數(shù)量與質(zhì)量
盡管質(zhì)量仍然受到重視，但在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)東西的比例或數(shù)量都很大。在日本，人們又瘦又小，但在美國(guó)，超重的人更常見(jiàn)。這很可能是因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)以及垃圾食品比有機(jī)食品便宜得多（這是可以理解的）。令人難過(guò)的是，許多人沒(méi)有得到他們需要的鍛煉，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人開(kāi)車(chē)（同樣，非常便利）。餐館里的飯菜的量也很大，還有房子和許多建筑也是如此風(fēng)格。
閱讀
在美國(guó)和大多數(shù)其他地方，書(shū)籍都是從左到右閱讀的。日本的書(shū)是從右到左讀的。這讓我很驚訝，不過(guò)我事先就知道。不過(guò)，出于某種原因，在漫畫(huà)方面的閱讀方式幾乎相同。日語(yǔ)傳統(tǒng)上是垂直閱讀，但看到英語(yǔ)的橫向閱讀方式并不奇怪，因?yàn)槲宜械膶W(xué)校都有教這種方式。
駕駛
我習(xí)慣于看到汽車(chē)靠右行駛，盡管我去過(guò)靠左行駛的地方。我的朋友起初很困惑，有點(diǎn)害怕，但他很快就明白了。我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)車(chē)的最低法定年齡是十六歲。我覺(jué)得那有點(diǎn)年輕了。我去過(guò)美國(guó)的一個(gè)地方，那里開(kāi)車(chē)的最低法定年齡是14歲。

7.) Expense
I found everything to be quite expensive there, and some of the stores and food to be disappointing. There was a product I wanted to buy that was 301.00 $ in the United States and only 14,630 ￥ in Japan. On the contrary, depending on where you live in either country, prices will always vary. Larger more populated cities will generally be more expensive (like Tokyo and New York) and smaller towns will usually be cheaper (like Coeur d'Alene ).
8.) Courtesy
The culture in the U.S, so it seems, can sometimes be quite rude. While this isn’t always the case, in certain places they can be seen as ignorant or apathetic, though this really depends on who you are talking to. Some people don’t even know how to give a simple thank you or speak politely, especially around elders (this is quite noticeable for young children). During political debates and elections, citizens may start riots and yell at others who don’t believe the same thing as them. While it makes sense, it is still not okay.
9.) Touching
High fives, handshakes, embracing, hugging, kissing, and patting backs is seen often in the U.S. This can be very uncomfortable for a Japanese person as we generally don’t touch each other (purposefully), though it can’t be helped in crowded areas or if you’re with friends and family. The comfortable distance between two people is 1 1/2 to 3 feet (yes, using the imperial system) when standing together, if not in a crowded area. In the U.S, couples will show affection to one another in public (kiss, hugs) and friends will tug on each other and playfully hit each other. This isn’t unseen in Japan but it just isn’t the norm.

費(fèi)用
我發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的一切都很貴，有些商店和食物也令人失望。我想買(mǎi)的一款產(chǎn)品在美國(guó)是301美元，在日本只有14630日元。相反，根據(jù)你住的國(guó)家，價(jià)格總是會(huì)有所不同。較大的人口較多的城市，物價(jià)通常會(huì)更昂貴(如東京和紐約)，而較小的城鎮(zhèn)，物價(jià)通常會(huì)更便宜(如科達(dá)蓮)。
禮貌
因此，美國(guó)的文化有時(shí)似乎相當(dāng)粗魯。雖然情況并非總是如此，但在某些地方，他們可能會(huì)被視為無(wú)知或冷漠，盡管這實(shí)際上取決于你與誰(shuí)交談。有些人甚至不知道如何說(shuō)一句簡(jiǎn)單的謝謝或禮貌地說(shuō)話，尤其是在長(zhǎng)輩面前(這對(duì)年幼的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)很明顯)。在政治辯論和選舉期間，公民可能會(huì)引發(fā)騷亂，對(duì)那些與他們信仰不同的人大喊大叫。雖然這是有道理的，但仍然是不對(duì)的。
觸摸
擊掌、握手、擁抱、緊貼、親吻和拍背在美國(guó)很常見(jiàn)。這對(duì)日本人來(lái)說(shuō)可能很不舒服，因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔ２粫?huì)(故意)碰對(duì)方，盡管在擁擠的地方或者和朋友和家人在一起時(shí)，這是沒(méi)有辦法的。如果不是在擁擠的區(qū)域，兩個(gè)人站在一起時(shí)的舒適距離是1 .5到3英尺（是的，使用英制）。在美國(guó)，情侶們會(huì)在公共場(chǎng)合互相示愛(ài)（親吻、擁抱），朋友們會(huì)互相推搡，嬉戲打鬧。這在日本也不是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，但這不是常態(tài)。

10.) Homes
I have lived in a traditional home my whole life, so it was a shocker to see the difference. I could find houses similar to these in Japan, but it was about my 2nd or 3rd time encountering one and I actually went inside. They are set differently than houses in Japan, even if they look similar on the outside (modern homes). I don’t exactly remember, but I believe I was bewildered by the fact of how dirty it was, and the bathing differences.
11.) The Check
In the United States, you are expected to pay a lot of money for the check, but in Japan, you’re not. Actually, in most cases, you don’t leave extra money for the server/waiter. In the U.S you are always supposed to, or else, someone may get angry. Though, from my standpoint, many Japanese servers wouldn’t actually mind receiving tips though have been taught that it could be an inconvenience for the person paying (which is very true).
I was going to mention the school system, but that could be a whole entire essay. Thank you for reading, here are just some of the cultural shocks that came to mind. Thank you. For people from Japan, is this accurate?

住宅
我一生都住在一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的家里，所以看到這種差異是令人震驚的。我在日本能找到類(lèi)似的房子，但那是我第二次或第三次遇到，我真的進(jìn)去了。它們的設(shè)置與日本的房子不同，即使它們看起來(lái)很像(現(xiàn)代住宅)。我不太記得了，但我相信我被它臟的程度和洗澡方式的不同弄糊涂了。
支票
在美國(guó)，在你要支付大筆錢(qián)時(shí)，人們是期望你開(kāi)支票的，但在日本，則不是如此。實(shí)際上，在大多數(shù)情況下，你不會(huì)給服務(wù)員留下多余的錢(qián)。在美國(guó)，你總是應(yīng)該這樣做，否則，有人可能會(huì)生氣。然而，從我的角度來(lái)看，許多日本服務(wù)員實(shí)際上并不介意收到小費(fèi)，盡管他們被告知這可能會(huì)給付錢(qián)的人帶來(lái)不便(這是真的)。
我本來(lái)想提一下學(xué)校制度的，但那可能需要一篇完整的文章。謝謝你的閱讀，這只是我想到的一些文化沖擊。謝謝你！對(duì)日本人來(lái)說(shuō)，這準(zhǔn)確嗎?
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Hiro-o Ekimae
I live in Japan, but not a Japanese. The things that shocked me when I visited the US for the first time ( I was 16 y.o at that time , went there as an exchange student ) :
The portion of the food. One portion’s enough to feed 2 people for 2 days
The number of overweight / obese people. There are plenty of them in the US.Infact, the majority of them are obese. It was really shocking as I thought that americans are super fit like the ones I saw in the movies or magazines.
They wear their outside shoes inside the house. They sometime even plop down on the bed wearing it !
Drinking soda everytime. Large size. And then they wonder why they have problem with obesity.
People drive everywhere. Even most highschool students drive car to school.

我住在日本，但不是日本人。當(dāng)我第一次訪問(wèn)美國(guó)時(shí)，令我震驚的事情（當(dāng)時(shí)我16歲，是作為交換生去的）如下：
食物的份量：一份食物足夠兩個(gè)人吃?xún)商?br /> 超重/肥胖人數(shù)：在美國(guó)有很多這樣的人。事實(shí)上，他們中的大多數(shù)人都是肥胖的。對(duì)此我真的很震驚，因?yàn)槲以菊J(rèn)為美國(guó)人和我在電影或雜志上看到的那些人一樣非常健康。
他們進(jìn)屋里時(shí)穿在外面穿過(guò)的鞋子。他們有時(shí)甚至穿著它撲通一聲倒在床上！
每次都喝汽水，而且是大瓶裝。然后他們想知道為什么他們會(huì)有肥胖的問(wèn)題。
人們?nèi)ト魏蔚胤蕉奸_(kāi)車(chē)，甚至大多數(shù)高中生都開(kāi)車(chē)上學(xué)。