More than ten years ago, readers who paid attention to the military would have noticed that when ranking main battle tanks in many military publications, the Merkava tank was given a high ranking.

十多年前，關(guān)注軍事的讀者可能會(huì)注意到，在很多軍事刊物對(duì)主戰(zhàn)坦克進(jìn)行排名時(shí)，梅卡瓦坦克被賦予了較高的排名。
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Moreover, these rankings give surprisingly consistent uations of the Merkava. They all say that the Merkava tank is the "safest" main battle tank. The myth of "preferring to sacrifice performance to protect personnel safety" has been promoted for many years.

而且，這些排名給出的梅卡瓦評(píng)價(jià)出奇地一致。它們都說(shuō)梅卡瓦坦克是“最安全”的主戰(zhàn)坦克。多年來(lái)一直吹噓“寧可犧牲性能也要保護(hù)人員安全”的神話。

But things that are blown up will eventually be exposed. In this Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the Merkava tanks that were blown up to the sky were repeatedly destroyed in street battles. The "trophy" system that had high hopes did not work. The so-called "last" "Safety" has become empty talk.

但是吹噓的事物終將暴露無(wú)遺。在這場(chǎng)巴以沖突中，被吹捧到天上的梅卡瓦坦克在街頭戰(zhàn)中屢屢被摧毀。備受寄予厚望的“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)并未發(fā)揮作用。所謂的“最后的”“安全”變成了空談。

Why do many people think the Merkava tank is the "safest" main battle tank? In addition to the brainwashing propaganda of the Western media, the design of the Merkava tank also gives people the illusion that "this tank looks very safe."

為什么很多人認(rèn)為梅卡瓦坦克是“最安全”的主戰(zhàn)坦克呢？除了西方媒體的洗腦宣傳外，梅卡瓦坦克的設(shè)計(jì)也給人一種“這坦克看上去很安全”的錯(cuò)覺(jué)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處


Why is there such an illusion? This is mainly because of the three design features of the Merkava tank. Let's analyze them one by one.

為什么會(huì)有這樣的錯(cuò)覺(jué)呢？這主要是由于梅卡瓦坦克的三個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)所致。讓我們一一分析。

The first is the most unique front-engine layout of the Merkava tank, which is unique among the main battle tanks currently in service in the world. The main battle tanks of China, the United States, Russia and Germany all have engines behind the body.

首先是梅卡瓦坦克最獨(dú)特的前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)布局，在目前世界在役的主戰(zhàn)坦克中獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。中國(guó)、美國(guó)、俄羅斯和德國(guó)的主戰(zhàn)坦克都是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)位于車(chē)體后部。

Generally, only infantry fighting vehicles, or light tanks based on the chassis of infantry fighting vehicles such as the CV90120, will choose the front-engine layout.

通常，只有步兵戰(zhàn)車(chē)或基于步兵戰(zhàn)車(chē)底盤(pán)的輕型坦克，如CV90120，才會(huì)選擇前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)布局。

The diesel engine used in the tank is made of high-performance steel, weighs in tons, and has a certain degree of defense capability. The main threats faced by Israeli tanks before were various rockets with armor-breaking
capabilities of less than 600 mm. Diesel engines can block such attacks at the cost of scrapping themselves.

坦克使用的柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由高性能鋼材制成，重達(dá)數(shù)噸，并具有一定的防御能力。以色列坦克以前面臨的主要威脅是穿甲能力不足600毫米的各種火箭彈。柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以在自身報(bào)廢的代價(jià)下阻擋這類攻擊。

We can say that the layout of the front engine ensures the lower limit of protection, but the relative price is that the Merkava tank cannot continue to enhance frontal protection.

我們可以說(shuō)，前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的布局確保了防護(hù)的下限，但相對(duì)的代價(jià)是梅卡瓦坦克無(wú)法繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)正面防護(hù)。

Because the engine needs to be inspected, a large access opening needs to be opened in front of the car body. This makes it impossible for the Merkava car body to be designed with thick main armor, nor can it be equipped with heavy explosive reactive armor or additional armor.

因?yàn)樾枰獧z查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，車(chē)體前部需要開(kāi)一個(gè)大的檢修口。這使得梅卡瓦車(chē)體無(wú)法設(shè)計(jì)成厚重的主裝甲，也無(wú)法裝備重型反應(yīng)裝甲或額外裝甲。
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We can use the analogy of Chinese and Russian main battle tanks. The main armor resistance of 99A tank or Russia's T90M tank is 600 to 700 mm. After wearing FY4 or "Fossil" explosive reactive armor, it can increase by 500 mm. The anti-breakage ability increases this data to more than 1100 mm.

我們可以用中國(guó)和俄羅斯的主戰(zhàn)坦克做類比。99A坦克或俄羅斯的T90M坦克的主裝甲抗性為600至700毫米。穿上FY4或“化石”反應(yīng)裝甲后，可以增加500毫米，穿甲能力這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)增加到1100毫米以上。

The Merkava tank cannot do this, so it is okay to defeat the guerrillas who only have old RPG7 rockets in their hands, because the armor-breaking ability of these rockets is generally less than 600 mm.

梅卡瓦坦克無(wú)法做到這一點(diǎn)，所以對(duì)付只有老式RPG7火箭彈的游擊隊(duì)還行，因?yàn)檫@些火箭彈的穿甲能力通常不足600毫米。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處


For example, after the outbreak of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, in the exchange of fire between northern Israel and the Lebanese Hezbollah armed forces, a Merkava tank was destroyed frontally by Hezbollah's "Cornet" anti-tank missile.

例如，在巴以沖突爆發(fā)后，在以色列北部和黎巴嫩真主黨武裝力量的交火中，一輛梅卡瓦坦克被真主黨的“科爾尼特”反坦克導(dǎo)彈正面摧毀。

Because the latter's armor-breaking capability reaches 1,200 mm, even if the Merkava tank has a front-mounted engine and does not have thick main armor and heavy explosive counterattack, it cannot stop the attack of this advanced anti-tank missile.

因?yàn)楹笳叩拇┘啄芰_(dá)到1200毫米，即使梅卡瓦坦克有前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，也沒(méi)有厚重的主裝甲和重型反彈裝甲，也無(wú)法阻擋這種先進(jìn)反坦克導(dǎo)彈的攻擊。

To sum up, the layout of the front engine of the Merkava tank guarantees the lower limit of defense capabilities, but the upper limit is also limited by this. As the opponent's anti-tank capabilities increase, Merkava tanks will naturally be unable to block attacks.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，梅卡瓦坦克的前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)布局保障了防御能力的下限，但上限也受到這一布局的限制。隨著對(duì)手反坦克能力的提升，梅卡瓦坦克自然無(wú)法阻擋攻擊。

However, in addition to the passive protection of the armor, the Merkava tank also has a defense system that is talked about by many media, which is the "trophy" active defense system. How effective is it?

然而，除了裝甲的被動(dòng)防護(hù)外，梅卡瓦坦克還擁有許多媒體談?wù)摰姆烙到y(tǒng)，那就是“戰(zhàn)利品”主動(dòng)防御系統(tǒng)。它的效果如何呢？

As the earliest Western active defense system developed and put into use, the performance of the "Trophy" active defense system is pretty good. In Israel's battles against guerrillas in the past few years, there were many examples of successful interceptions.

作為最早由西方開(kāi)發(fā)并投入使用的主動(dòng)防御系統(tǒng)，“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)的性能相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。在過(guò)去幾年以色列對(duì)游擊隊(duì)的戰(zhàn)斗中，有許多成功攔截的例子。

Comparing products from other countries, the performance of "Trophy" belongs to the first echelon. In addition to the disadvantage of being relatively heavy, its response speed and interception efficiency are not bad, but it does not have the ability to intercept armor-piercing projectiles.

與其他國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品相比，“戰(zhàn)利品”的性能屬于第一梯隊(duì)。除了相對(duì)較重的缺點(diǎn)外，其反應(yīng)速度和攔截效率都不錯(cuò)，但它沒(méi)有攔截穿甲彈的能力。

Within Western countries, the performance of "Trophy" has been widely recognized. The latest M1A2C tanks of the US military are also equipped with the "Trophy" system purchased from Israel.

在西方國(guó)家內(nèi)，“戰(zhàn)利品”的性能已得到廣泛認(rèn)可。美軍最新的M1A2C坦克也裝備了從以色列購(gòu)買(mǎi)的“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)。

For the Hamas armed forces, this system has caused them a lot of trouble in the past few years and made anti-tank operations more difficult. However, Hamas armed forces are good at learning from battles and quickly summed up a set of methods for the "trophy" system.

對(duì)于哈馬斯武裝力量來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)在過(guò)去幾年中給他們?cè)斐闪嗽S多麻煩，使反坦克作戰(zhàn)變得更加困難。然而，哈馬斯武裝力量擅長(zhǎng)從戰(zhàn)斗中學(xué)習(xí)，很快總結(jié)出一套針對(duì)“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)的方法。

First, judge whether the "trophy" system is turned on by observing whether there are infantry near the Merkava tank. This system consumes a lot of power. The Merkava tank will not be turned on all the time. After it is turned on, there must be no infantry around the tank, otherwise it will cause accidental damage.

首先，通過(guò)觀察梅卡瓦坦克附近是否有步兵來(lái)判斷“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)是否開(kāi)啟。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)耗電量大，梅卡瓦坦克不會(huì)一直開(kāi)啟。一旦開(kāi)啟，坦克周?chē)筒荒苡胁奖?，否則會(huì)造成意外傷害。

Second, if the Merkava tank with the "trophy" system turned on is to be attacked from a long distance, Hamas will arrange two groups of anti-tank shooters to launch two missiles at intervals of a few seconds.

其次，如果打算攻擊開(kāi)啟了“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)的梅卡瓦坦克，哈馬斯會(huì)安排兩組反坦克射手，間隔幾秒鐘發(fā)射兩枚導(dǎo)彈。

Because the "Combat Product" system cannot identify two targets that are very close together, it will only intercept the first missile, but not the second missile, so that the second missile can successfully hit.

因?yàn)椤皯?zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)無(wú)法識(shí)別非常接近的兩個(gè)目標(biāo)，它只會(huì)攔截第一枚導(dǎo)彈，而不會(huì)攔截第二枚導(dǎo)彈，使得第二枚導(dǎo)彈能夠成功命中。

Third, the "trophy" system will not respond to rockets and anti-tank missiles launched within tens of meters. Taking advantage of this weakness, Hamas can get close to the tank and then launch it. We have seen many results achieved using this tactic.

第三，“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)對(duì)在數(shù)十米內(nèi)發(fā)射的火箭彈和反坦克導(dǎo)彈不會(huì)做出反應(yīng)。利用這個(gè)弱點(diǎn)，哈馬斯可以靠近坦克然后發(fā)射。我們已經(jīng)看到許多利用這種戰(zhàn)術(shù)取得的成果。

Therefore, although the "trophy" system is a good active defense system, after its weaknesses are studied and targeted tactics are designed, its performance is ugly. However, Israel has not improved the "trophy" system to solve these problems. It must be said that this is the end of arrogance.

因此，盡管“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)良好的主動(dòng)防御系統(tǒng)，但在其弱點(diǎn)被研究并針對(duì)性地設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)術(shù)后，其表現(xiàn)十分糟糕。然而，以色列并沒(méi)有改進(jìn)“戰(zhàn)利品”系統(tǒng)以解決這些問(wèn)題。不得不說(shuō)，這是傲慢的終結(jié)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處


The third design feature of the Merkava tank is that it can carry a certain number of infantry. In theory, this can allow the Merkava tank to better achieve coordinated infantry and tank operations.

梅卡瓦坦克的第三個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)是它能攜帶一定數(shù)量的步兵。理論上，這可以讓梅卡瓦坦克更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)步兵與坦克的協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)。

In the brutal street fighting on the Russian-Ukrainian battlefield, both the Russian and Ukrainian armies have proven that it does not matter whether there is an active defense system or not. Close infant-tank coordination tactics are the most important in street fighting, and they are no less important than drones.

在俄羅斯-烏克蘭戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上殘酷的街戰(zhàn)中，俄羅斯和烏克蘭軍隊(duì)都證明了，是否有主動(dòng)防御系統(tǒng)并不重要。在街戰(zhàn)中，密切的步兵-坦克協(xié)同戰(zhàn)術(shù)是最重要的，它們的重要性不亞于無(wú)人機(jī)。

However, we can see from many battlefield videos that Israeli infantry only dare to get off their vehicles during non-combat times. They stay in their vehicles most of the time, hoping that the vehicle's armor will protect them.

然而，我們可以從許多戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)視頻中看出，以色列步兵只敢在非戰(zhàn)斗時(shí)刻下車(chē)。他們大部分時(shí)間都留在車(chē)?yán)?，希望?chē)輛的裝甲能保護(hù)他們。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處


However, if a tank does not have infantry to expand the tank's situational awareness and provide cover for the tank in street fighting, it will be a living target. The Russian army has fully proved how miserable a tank without infantry cover can be in the first Chechen War. .

但是，如果一輛坦克沒(méi)有步兵來(lái)擴(kuò)大坦克的態(tài)勢(shì)感知，并在巷戰(zhàn)中為坦克提供掩護(hù)，它將成為一個(gè)活靶子。在第一次車(chē)臣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，俄羅斯軍隊(duì)充分證明了沒(méi)有步兵掩護(hù)的坦克會(huì)有多么悲慘。

Now the Israeli army is the second Chechen Russian army. The irony is that the Russian army, which once made a mess in street fighting, is now performing very well in street fighting on the Russian-Ukrainian battlefield. The Israeli army, which was praised by the Western media, suffered heavy losses in Gaza City. Suffered tens of thousands of casualties.

現(xiàn)在，以色列軍隊(duì)成了第二個(gè)車(chē)臣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的俄羅斯軍隊(duì)。具有諷刺意味的是，曾經(jīng)在街戰(zhàn)中一塌糊涂的俄羅斯軍隊(duì)，現(xiàn)在在俄羅斯-烏克蘭戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的街戰(zhàn)中表現(xiàn)得非常好。而被西方媒體贊揚(yáng)的以色列軍隊(duì)，在加沙市卻遭受了沉重的損失。遭受了數(shù)萬(wàn)人的傷亡。

The myths promoted will eventually be exposed. No amount of so-called "actual combat experience" can compare with serious combat readiness training, actual combat exercises and military innovation.

被吹噓的神話最終會(huì)被揭露。再多所謂的“實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)”也無(wú)法與認(rèn)真的戰(zhàn)備訓(xùn)練、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí)和軍事創(chuàng)新相比較。