America’s Buried History of White Slavery

《被埋葬的美國白奴史》 拉里·羅曼洛夫


The best way to forget history is to rewrite it. And in the rewriting, to carefully dexe references to any historical events or circumstances we find uncomfortable. Thus, American history books are totally silent on the matter of these white slaves, mostly of European stock with a great number of Irish, but also English and Scottish, who were kidnapped or otherwise forcibly deported to the US as slave labor. In fact, an examination of available documentation indicates that white slavery in the Americas was a much more extensive operation than was black slavery, and the numbers may be severely under-estimated. Several authors have claimed, and I have seen reports that appear credible, that white slaves in America outnumbered the black. In his book, They Were White and They Were Slaves, Michael Hoffman wrote, “Negro slavery was efficiently established in colonial America because Black slaves were governed, organized and controlled by the structures and organization that were first used to enslave and control Whites. Black slaves were late-comers fitted into a system already developed.”

忘記歷史的最好方法就是改寫歷史。
在改寫的過程中，要小心地刪除任何我們覺得不舒服的歷史事件或環(huán)境。因此，美國歷史書對這些白奴的問題完全沉默，這些白奴大多是歐洲血統(tǒng)，有大量的愛爾蘭人，也有英格蘭人和蘇格蘭人，他們被綁架或以其他方式強行驅(qū)逐到美國作為奴隸勞工。
事實上，對現(xiàn)有文獻的研究表明，美洲的白奴制比黑奴制要廣泛得多，而且這個數(shù)字可能被嚴重低估了。有幾位作者聲稱，美國白奴的數(shù)量超過黑人，我也看到過一些似乎可信的報道。在他的書《他們是白人，他們是奴隸》中，邁克爾·霍夫曼寫道:“黑人奴隸制在殖民時期的美國得以有效建立，因為黑人奴隸是由最初用來奴役和控制白人的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織來管理和控制的。黑人奴隸是適應(yīng)已經(jīng)形成的制度的后來者?！?/b>

The new nation had a need for cheap labor since the settlers were in the process of exterminating the inhabitants of a large country and taking possession of the lands, but lacked the workers to develop it. These white slaves were more important than the blacks, in both number and economic advantage. One white slave owner, Virginia planter John Pory, stated that white (not black) slaves were the nation’s “principal wealth”. It was due in large part to the overwhelming majority of white slaves that America built its foundations of wealth, since slavery was exclusively a matter of economics and profit. American capitalism was viciously predatory from the days of its birth. One eyewitness to the mass kidnapping of poor Whites estimated that from his personal knowledge alone, at least 10,000 were sold into slavery every year from throughout Great Britain for perhaps two centuries.

這個新國家需要廉價勞動力，因為殖民者正在消滅一個大國的居民并占有土地，但缺乏發(fā)展它的工人。這些白人奴隸在數(shù)量上和經(jīng)濟上都比黑人重要。一位白人奴隸主，弗吉尼亞州的種植園主約翰·波里說，白人奴隸(不是黑人)是國家的“主要財富”。 美國建立起財富的基礎(chǔ)，在很大程度上要歸功于絕大多數(shù)的白人奴隸，因為奴隸制完全是經(jīng)濟和利潤的問題。美國資本主義從誕生之日起就具有惡性掠奪性。一位目睹了大規(guī)模綁架貧窮白人事件的目擊者估計，僅就他個人所知，大約兩個世紀以來，大不列顛各地每年至少有1萬人被賣為奴隸。

American history texts make reference to what is called indentured servitude, as a kind of “benignly paternalistic system whereby colonial immigrants spent a few years working off their passage and went on to better things”. The myth is that overseas passage was expensive and British and European civilians willingly signed indentures requiring them to work for a few years to pay off the cost of their passage, after which time they would be given land and their freedom to pursue a glorious future in the New World. But it was no such thing. There may indeed have been a few such indentured persons fitting this descxtion, but they were a minuscule minority with their conditions not better than that suffered by all slaves. In fact, their indentures most often amounted to a life sentence at hard labor, and with a life that would be preciously short when we look at the hideous mortality rates. There are documented records of white convicts asking to be hanged in Britain rather than sent to the gulag that was America.

美國的歷史文獻提到了所謂的“契約奴役”，認為這是一種“善意的家長式制度，殖民地移民用幾年的時間來工作，以償還他們的生活費，然后去追求更好的生活”。其中的虛幻是，海外航行是昂貴的，英國和歐洲平民自愿簽訂契約，要求他們工作幾年來支付他們的航行費用，之后他們將獲得土地和自由，在新世界追求輝煌的未來。
但事實并非如此。也許確實有一些這樣的契約人符合這種描述，但他們是極少數(shù)，他們的條件并不比所有奴隸所遭受的要好。事實上，他們的契約通常相當于終身苦役，而當我們看到可怕的死亡率時，他們的生命就會變得非常短暫。有文獻記載，白人囚犯要求在英國被絞死，而不是被送到美國的“古拉格集中營”。

It is only the elite establishment in America today who present a disingenuously impassioned propaganda to soften the brutality. The fact is that if this indenture process were really the standard, then thousands of the contracts would have survived and our museums would be full of them. There is no evidence of this. Some Jewish and other sympathetic historians pretend that this system of indentures, a kind of privileged form of bound labor, was representative of the entire experience of White bondage in America. But this definition would apply only to those voluntarily binding themselves to service, and of these there were very few, with the contracted indenture being maintained only as a spurious cover for plain and simple lifetime chattel slavery. Even the Whites referred to themselves as slaves who were not better than cattle, and who were by all accounts degraded chattels on a par with farm animals. There is evidence of many hopeful but illiterate migrants who were duped into signing indentures, ignorant of the actual content of the documents that legally designated them as personal property that could be bought and sold, gambled away, or killed without concern like any other animals. In any event, the indentures provided countless excuses for the slave-owners to extend the period of servitude indefinitely, often by 7 years for the most minor of offenses and 10 or 15 years for others. Few escaped.

如今，只有美國的精英階層才會用虛偽的熱情宣傳來軟化暴行。事實是，如果這種契約過程真的是標準的，那么成千上萬的合同將被保存下來，我們的博物館將裝滿它們。沒有證據(jù)證明這一點。一些猶太人和其他有同情心的歷史學家假裝說，這種契約制度是一種特權(quán)形式的束縛勞動，代表了美國白人受奴役的整個經(jīng)歷。但這一定義只適用于那些自愿約束自己服務(wù)的人，而這些人很少，合同契約只是作為純粹的終身動產(chǎn)奴隸制的虛假掩護。
就連白人也把自己說成是不如牛的奴隸，據(jù)說他們是與農(nóng)場動物同等地位的劣等動產(chǎn)。有證據(jù)表明，許多有希望但不識字的移民被騙簽署了契約，對法律上指定他們?yōu)閭€人財產(chǎn)的文件的實際內(nèi)容一無所知，這些文件可以像其他動物一樣被買賣、賭博或殺害。無論如何，契約為奴隸主無限期延長奴役期提供了無數(shù)借口，最輕微的罪行通常是7年，其他罪行通常是10年或15年。只有少數(shù)逃脫了。

The slave traders exerted grand efforts in inducing free whites to sign indentures, supposedly placing themselves in ‘temporary’ slavery with the promise of 50 acres of farmland at the end of the indenture term, but this was nothing more than a despicable racket. The promised lands were entrusted to the slave-owner on the understanding the land titles would later pass to the slaves, but these land rights could be forfeited for almost any reason, including laziness, with the land titles then becoming the master’s rightful property. Many slave-owners purchased large numbers of these so-called indentured persons and quickly concocted excuses to seize all the entrusted lands, occasionally with a gift and a wink to the relevant authorities. Certainly, hundreds of thousands and potentially millions of acres of fertile land were obtained in this manner, with many slave-owners accumulating vast estates and great wealth, which is precisely why this “benignly paternalistic” system was created. Indentured servitude was never more than an immense and cruel fraud.

奴隸販子竭盡全力誘使自由白人簽訂契約，據(jù)說他們會在契約期滿時得到50英畝農(nóng)田的承諾，讓自己成為“臨時”奴隸，但這只不過是卑鄙的騙局。應(yīng)許之地被委托給奴隸主，前提是土地所有權(quán)后來會轉(zhuǎn)移給奴隸，但這些土地權(quán)利幾乎可以因任何原因被剝奪，包括懶惰，土地所有權(quán)隨后成為奴隸主的合法財產(chǎn)。許多奴隸主購買了大量這些所謂的契約人，并迅速編造借口奪取所有委托土地，有時還向有關(guān)當局贈送禮物和賄賂。當然，以這種方式獲得了數(shù)十萬甚至可能數(shù)百萬英畝的肥沃土地，許多奴隸主積累了大量的財產(chǎn)和巨額財富，這正是這種“仁慈的家長式”制度被創(chuàng)造出來的原因。
契約奴役只不過是一場巨大而殘酷的欺詐

One author wrote that historians deliberately maintain the fallacy that “wherever White ‘servants’ constituted the majority of servile laborers, they worked in privileged or even luxurious conditions which were forbidden to Blacks. In truth, White Slaves were often restricted to doing the dirty, backbreaking field work while Blacks and even Indians were taken into the plantation mansion houses to work as domestics.” A Major named Mordecai Manuel Noah, who was described as “the most distinguished Jewish layman of his time”, promoted slavery by equating it with freedom. Incredibly, he made pronouncements like this: “There is liberty under the name of slavery. A field Negro has his cottage, his wife, and children, his easy task, his little patch of corn and potatoes, his garden and fruit, which are his revenue and property. The house servant has handsome clothing, his luxurious meals, his admitted privacy, a kind master, and an indulgent and frequently fond mistress.”

一位作者寫道，歷史學家故意堅持一種謬論，即“凡是白人‘仆人’占奴隸勞工多數(shù)的地方，他們就在黑人禁止的特權(quán)甚至奢侈的條件下工作。”事實上，白人奴隸經(jīng)常被限制從事骯臟、繁重的田間勞動，而黑人甚至印第安人則被帶到種植園的豪宅里做家仆?！?br /> 一位名叫莫迪凱·曼努埃爾·諾亞的少校被形容為“那個時代最杰出的猶太門外漢”，他把奴隸制等同于自由，以此來推廣奴隸制。令人難以置信的是，他發(fā)表了這樣的聲明:“在奴隸制的名義下有自由。一個有田黑人有他的小屋，他的妻子和孩子，他輕松地工作，他的一小塊玉米和土豆，他的花園和水果，這些都是他的收入和財產(chǎn)。仆人有漂亮的衣服，奢華的食物，公認的隱私，一個善良的主人，和一個縱容的，經(jīng)常是寵愛的情婦?！?/b>

David W. Galenson wrote a treatise titled ‘White Slavery entitled White Servitude in Colonial America’, in which he stated, “European men and women could exercise choice both in deciding whether to migrate to the colonies and in choosing possible destinations.” These comments, and so many more like them, are pure fiction, very large lies meant to erase the evil of centuries. White slaves were obtained from the poorest levels of British society who were regarded as expendable by the ruling class. Economists advocated the enslavement of poor Whites because they saw them as the cheapest and most effective way to develop the colonies in the New World while ridding themselves of the surplus poor who were “unprofitable” to England. As American agriculture expanded, landowners demanded the legalisation of the practice of kidnapping poor Whites for slavery. Parliamentary legislation was passed to specifically permit the capture of White children, with this becoming what we can call an “open hunting season” on the poor of Great Britain as well as anyone the British aristocracy happened to despise.

戴維德·W·嘉倫森寫了一篇名為《美國殖民地的白人奴役》的論文，他在論文中寫道，“歐洲男人和女人可以在決定是否移民到殖民地和選擇可能的目的地方面進行選擇?！?這些言論，還有很多類似的言論，都是純粹的虛構(gòu)，是為了抹去幾個世紀以來的邪惡而編造的彌天大謊。白人奴隸來自英國社會最貧困的階層，他們被統(tǒng)治階級視為消耗品。
經(jīng)濟學家主張奴役貧窮的白人，因為他們認為這是開發(fā)新大陸殖民地最便宜、最有效的方式，同時也能擺脫對英國“無利可圖”的剩余窮人。隨著美國農(nóng)業(yè)的擴張，土地所有者要求將綁架貧窮白人為奴的做法合法化。議會通過立法，明確允許抓捕白人兒童，這成為了我們所說的“開放狩獵季節(jié)”，針對英國的窮人以及英國貴族碰巧鄙視的任何人。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處


Given the secrecy of the entire matter of white slavery, it isn’t surprising that few are aware that a great many of the slaves deported to the Americas or Australia were not convicts as the record states, but were actually political prisoners and political dissidents, and many more were prisoners of war. England in particular made a point of rounding up every political dissident of substance, imprisoning them, then deporting them as ‘convicts’. It was also a policy of England to cooperate with the slave traders in permitting what were called “slave-hunting gangs” who roamed freely throughout the country and vacuumed up virtually anyone not looking rich, this process viewed with much approval by the British aristocracy. It was Henry Cromwell who ordered all the homeless poor throughout Great Britain to be captured and deported by the slave traders, for being “unprofitable to the Realm”.

考慮到整個白人奴隸制問題的秘密性，很少有人意識到，許多被驅(qū)逐到美洲或澳大利亞的奴隸并不是記錄中所說的罪犯，而是實際上是政治犯和持不同政見者，更多的是戰(zhàn)俘，這一點也不奇怪。
英國尤其注重把所有持不同政見者都抓起來，關(guān)進監(jiān)獄，然后作為“罪犯”驅(qū)逐出境。英國的一項政策是與奴隸販子合作，允許所謂的“獵奴團伙”在全國各地自由游蕩，幾乎把任何看起來不富有的人都抓走，這一過程得到了英國貴族的廣泛認可。正是亨利·克倫威爾下令，以“對王國無利可圖”為由，將全英國所有無家可歸的窮人抓捕并驅(qū)逐出境。

Laws permitted the seizure of any persons in any part of England who appeared to be vagrant, or who were begging, and to have them conveyed to a British port and shipped to America to be sold. Accordingly, judges ordered the enslavement and shipping to America the total number of “those who made life unpleasant for the British upper class”. Westerners are generally aware that Australia was populated almost entirely with convicts from British prisons, but few are aware that the New World of America was initially populated in the same way from the same sources. The government of England virtually emptied its prisons, transporting most of its convicts, both men and women, to America to be sold to plantation owners and other industrialists, and brothels were forcibly emptied to provide unwilling human breeding stock for American slave-owners.

法律允許在英國任何地方扣押任何看起來是流浪漢或乞討的人，并將他們運送到英國港口，然后運往美國出售。因此，法官下令將“那些使英國上層階級生活不愉快的人”的人奴役并運往美國。
西方人一般都知道，澳大利亞幾乎全是來自英國監(jiān)獄的囚犯，但很少有人知道，美洲新大陸最初也是以同樣的方式從同樣的來源來的。英國政府幾乎清空了監(jiān)獄，將大部分男女囚犯運送到美國，賣給種植園主和其他實業(yè)家;妓院也被強行清空，為美國奴隸主提供不情愿的人類繁殖資源。

The historical record tells us that “American slave-owners quickly began breeding the white women for both their own personal pleasure and for greater profit”, but this expression denies a brutal truth. The white women, especially the Irish, were simply stripped naked and repeatedly raped until they were pregnant, then kept in that condition. Children of slaves were themselves slaves, which increased the size of the master’s free workforce. Even if an Irish woman managed to obtained her freedom, her children would remain slaves and she would seldom abandon them, thereby remaining in servitude. Other American masters found a better way to use these white women – who were in many cases girls as young as ten or twelve – to increase their market value by breeding them with African men to produce slaves with a “mulatto” complexion which brought a higher price than their Irish livestock.

歷史記載告訴我們，“美國奴隸主為了自己的個人快樂和更大的利益，很快就開始繁殖白人婦女”，但這種說法否認了一個殘酷的事實。白人婦女，尤其是愛爾蘭人，被剝光衣服，反復(fù)強奸，直到懷孕，然后一直處于這種狀態(tài)。奴隸的子女本身就是奴隸，這增加了主人自由勞動力的規(guī)模。即使一個愛爾蘭婦女設(shè)法獲得了自由，她的孩子仍然是奴隸，她很少拋棄他們，因此仍然處于奴役狀態(tài)。其他美國奴隸主找到了一個更好的辦法，利用這些白人婦女——其中許多是年僅10歲或12歲的女孩——與非洲男人一起繁殖，生育出具有“黑白混血”膚色的奴隸，從而提高她們的市場價值，這比他們的愛爾蘭牲畜的價格更高。

This practice of interbreeding White females with African men became so long-term and widespread that legislation was passed forbidding the practice because this production of offspring interfered with the profits of a large Jewish slave trader. The more perverse versions of Judaism also played a part. One of the reasons the African slave trade began was that African slaves were “not tainted with the stain of the hated Catholic theology” that infected the Irish. In part because of this, African slaves became more expensive to purchase and were often treated far better than their White counterparts. Black slaves were indeed cruelly used but not often worked to death as were the Whites who were available for almost nothing and were fully expendable. Upon arrival in America, these White British would be stripped naked, put in chains, and paraded on the auction floor where they were probed, examined and sold like livestock.

這種白人女性與非洲男性雜交的做法變得如此長期和普遍，以至于立法禁止了這種做法，因為這種后代的出現(xiàn)干擾了一個大型猶太奴隸商人的利潤。更為反常的猶太教版本也起到了一定作用。非洲奴隸貿(mào)易開始的原因之一是，非洲奴隸“沒有沾染上感染了愛爾蘭人的令人討厭的天主教神學的污點”。
基于這部分原因，購買非洲奴隸變得更加昂貴，而且他們的待遇往往比白人好得多。黑人奴隸確實被殘酷地使用，但不像白人那樣經(jīng)常工作到死，白人幾乎是免費的，完全是可犧牲的。一到美國，這些英國白人就會被剝光衣服，戴上鐐銬，在拍賣場上游街示眾，在那里他們像牲畜一樣被探查、檢查和出售。
（未完待續(xù)）