在美國，為什么足球運動不是更受歡迎?（一）

Aaron Colman
Why is soccer not more popular as a spectator sport in the US? Is there something about the gameplay of soccer that makes it less popular in the US?
As a Brit and a big soccer fan, living in the US this is a topic that pops up often when I drag friends to the pub to watch soccer.
As people have said above, the main reason that I'm told is that they find low scores and draws boring.
What I don't get is, when I join them for NFL, NBA, NHL etc, they tell me "we want it close to be exciting."
I don't quite see the logic in this as an excuse.

在美國，為什么作為一項觀賞性運動的足球不那么受歡迎？是不是足球的玩法讓它在美國不那么受歡迎?
作為一個住在美國的英國人和超級足球迷，當(dāng)我拉著朋友去酒吧看足球比賽時，這個話題經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)。
正如人們所說，我被告知的主要原因是他們覺低得分和平局很無聊。
我不明白的是，當(dāng)我加入他們參加美國橄欖球聯(lián)盟（NFL）、美國職業(yè)籃球聯(lián)賽（NBA）、北美職業(yè)冰球聯(lián)賽（NHL）等比賽時，他們告訴我“我們希望比賽接近令人興奮的水平。”
我不認為這是一個合理的借口。

The main reasons in my opinion are:
Most of my friends played soccer until high school and then it is dropped for the more glamorous US sports.
Soccer in the USA lacks attacking tactics and most competition for places tends to be on the back line, this is not the same in Europe/South America where most competition is for the forward (more exciting) positions.
No matter what you say, the MLS is boring and skill-wise, far behind the rest of the soccer world. I think if more fans watched European games it would become more appealing but this is a sport which, like most sports, needs to be appreciated live. The time zone rarely makes that possible
Many Americans view it as not being technically challenging to the fans, in comparison to other US sports. This is true to the first-time viewer but soccer is a highly technical game based on real-time statistics with many tough decisions such as only being allowed to make 3 substitutions in a 90 minute game.
You only get one break...

我認為主要原因是：
我的大多數(shù)朋友一直到高中都在踢足球，然后足球被美國更具魅力的體育項目所取代。
美國足球缺乏進攻戰(zhàn)術(shù)，競爭往往集中在后衛(wèi)這個位置，這與歐洲/南美的情況不同，那里的競爭主要集中在前鋒(更令人興奮)的位置上。
不管你怎么說，美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟很無聊，而且踢球水平遠遠落后于足球界的其他球隊。 我認為如果有更多的球迷觀看歐洲的比賽，它會變得更有吸引力，但這項運動和大多數(shù)運動一樣，需要到現(xiàn)場欣賞。由于時區(qū)的原因，這很難實現(xiàn)
許多美國人認為，與美國其他體育項目相比，足球在技術(shù)上對球迷來說沒有挑戰(zhàn)性，這個說法對第一次觀看比賽的人來說是正確的，但足球是一項基于實時數(shù)據(jù)的高技術(shù)比賽，有許多艱難的規(guī)則，比如在90分鐘的比賽中只允許換人3次。
你只有一次休息機會。

Robert Kalomiris
Why is soccer not more popular as a spectator sport in the US?
The league structure sucks
The MLS follows the franchise-model that the NBA, NFL, and MLB popularized. European leagues (and most of the world for that matter) follow a tiered-league system where each national league has multiple leagues and lower divisons where teams are promoted and relegated based on their domestic performance. In the MLS this is basically ignored in that no team has to worry about relegation (and the financial disparity that comes with it). Although they both share the win-lose-draw point system, an MLS team can lose all of their games and the owner can sleep like a baby because the MLS protects bad teams - it is in their financial interest to keep each team in the league no matter how bad they are since they are all franchises. This leads me to the next point...

在美國，作為一項觀賞性運動的足球為什么不那么受歡迎？
聯(lián)盟結(jié)構(gòu)很糟糕
美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟沿用了NBA、NFL和MLB推廣的職業(yè)運動隊。歐洲聯(lián)賽(以及世界上大多數(shù)聯(lián)賽)采用分級聯(lián)賽制度，每個國家聯(lián)賽都有多個聯(lián)賽和較低級別聯(lián)賽，球隊根據(jù)其國內(nèi)表現(xiàn)升降級。在美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟，這基本上被忽略了，因為沒有球隊需要擔(dān)心降級(以及隨之而來的財政差距)。雖然他們都采用了贏-輸-平的計分系統(tǒng)，但一支美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟球隊可能會輸?shù)羲械谋荣?，老板也可以睡得像個嬰兒，因為美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟保護的是糟糕的球隊——讓每支球隊留在聯(lián)盟里符合他們的經(jīng)濟利益（不管他們有多糟糕），因為他們都是特許經(jīng)營權(quán)。這就引出了下一點……

Lack of cultural ties with host cities
Being franchises, MLS teams have few ties to the city they are hosted in besides the gimmick team names & marketing efforts. Using England as an example, the tiered-structure of their football leagues allows many cities and many of divisions of a city to be represented over nine different football divisions, and most professional clubs have a deep cultural tie with the working class of England during the Industrial Revolution. While supporting a team other than one in your city in England is taboo to passionate fans, its almost expected in the United States because >0.01% of the cities are represented on a professional level. This really highlights the difference between sports culture in the United States vs. Europe and the rest and the world. Also, the size of England and most European countries makes it affordable to travel to away games by train, while it will cost you an arm and a leg to watch your team play in NY if you live in LA.

與主辦城市缺乏文化聯(lián)系
作為職業(yè)運動隊，美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟的球隊除了花哨的球隊名稱和營銷努力外，與他們所在的城市幾乎沒有什么聯(lián)系。以英格蘭為例，他們的足球聯(lián)賽分層結(jié)構(gòu)允許許多城市和一個城市的許多部門代表九個不同的足球部門，大多數(shù)職業(yè)俱樂部在工業(yè)革命期間與英格蘭的工人階級有著深厚的文化聯(lián)系。在英國，對于熱情的球迷來說，支持自己所在城市以外的球隊是禁忌，但在美國，這幾乎是意料之中的，因為只有0.01%以上的城市有職業(yè)水平的球隊。這確實凸顯了美國體育文化與歐洲以及其他國家和世界體育文化的差異。此外，英格蘭和大多數(shù)歐洲國家的面積使得乘火車去看客場比賽是負擔(dān)得起的，而如果你住在洛杉磯，去紐約看你的球隊比賽將花費你一大筆錢。

I'm actually quite hazy on the details here, but in Europe basically a teenager starts training to be a professional football player when he is 11-13. At that point, school really doesn't matter since football youth academies have no formal lixs with higher education. In North American sports, it's almost expected that a player at least start attending college and playing on a college team before being drafted to a professional team. This difference is highlighted by the fact that the career of footballers end much earlier than other popular U.S. athletes, since age takes a harsh toll on a player's legs by the time they hit 30. I really don't know the youth setup in the United States, but I know that it is not that good at all since I personally know friends that have gone through it that are not that good. In fact the only kid who was really good in my area was signed by Liverpool (an English team) and plays in the second German division on loan, so it goes to show that America does not even keep the talents it does produce.

實際上我對這里的細節(jié)不太清楚，但是在歐洲，基本上青少年在11-13歲時開始訓(xùn)練成為職業(yè)足球運動員。在這一點上，學(xué)校真的不重要，因為足球青年學(xué)院與高等教育沒有正式的聯(lián)系。在北美的體育運動中，幾乎可以預(yù)期一名球員在被選入職業(yè)球隊之前至少要開始上大學(xué)并在大學(xué)球隊打球。足球運動員的職業(yè)生涯比其他受歡迎的美國運動員結(jié)束得早，這一事實凸顯了這種差異，因為年齡會在球員30歲之前對他們的腿造成嚴重的傷害。我真的不了解美國的青少年規(guī)劃，但我知道它一點也不好，就個人而言，因為我知道有過這樣經(jīng)歷的朋友并不是那么好。事實上，我所在地區(qū)唯一一個真正優(yōu)秀的孩子是被利物浦(一支英國球隊)簽下的，并被租借到德國乙級聯(lián)賽踢球，所以這表明美國甚至無法留住它培養(yǎng)出來的人才。

It's actually quite bad!
It is no secret that the MLS has low quality play compared to leagues considered "good". Sometimes there is a good shot that the keeper can't save but most of the time the passing, defending, and first-touch of the players is awful. The league is starting to get the reputation of a magnet for European & South American players who are past their prime and too old to play in Europe, while maximizing their remaining salary potential by playing in a highly-commercialized, noncompetitive league . Manchester City FC, a very high profile team in England, just announced their plans to start an MLS franchise that would serve as their B team (google "New York City FC"). If the MLS develops into Europe's romping ground, the quality might increase but at that point the league is less about North America and more an extension of European football.

事實上很糟糕！
眾所周知，相對于一些被認為“優(yōu)秀”的聯(lián)賽，美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟（MLS）的比賽質(zhì)量普遍較低。有時可能會出現(xiàn)門將無法撲救的好機會，但大多數(shù)情況下球員的傳球、防守和第一觸球都令人不滿。該聯(lián)賽開始獲得吸引歐洲和南美球員的聲譽，南美球員已經(jīng)過了巔峰時期，年齡太大，無法在歐洲踢球，同時通過在高度商業(yè)化、非競爭性的聯(lián)賽中踢球，最大限度地發(fā)揮他們剩余的工資潛力。曼徹斯特城市足球俱樂部，一個在英格蘭非常引人注目的球隊，剛剛宣布他們計劃成立一支美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟的職業(yè)足球隊，將作為他們的B隊(上谷歌搜索“紐約城足球俱樂部”)。如果美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟發(fā)展成為歐洲的游樂場，質(zhì)量可能會提高，但到那時，聯(lián)盟與北美的關(guān)系就會減少，而更多地是歐洲足球的延伸。
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Honestly I think the MLS has taken great strides in the past 10 years, and the move of David Beckham to the LA Galaxy and the USMNT's relative success in the 2010 World Cup is making football more popular in the USA.

老實說，我認為美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟在過去的10年里取得了長足的進步，大衛(wèi)·貝克漢姆轉(zhuǎn)會到洛杉磯銀河隊，以及美國足球國家隊在2010年世界杯上的相對成功使足球在美國更受歡迎。

Chris Rice
Why is soccer not more popular as a spectator sport in the US?
Low-scoring games.
But to be more precise, it's not just about low-scoring games -- it's about the lack of a sense of progress in the game. American spectators are used to seeing a change in the state of the game that is permanent, or at least very hard to reverse (other than the time on the clock). Of course, a change in the score counts as permanent progress, but that's pretty much it and doesn't happen often. Other American sports have more things that can be counted as progress.

在美國，為什么作為一項觀賞性運動的足球不那么受歡迎？
低得分的比賽。
但更確切地說，問題不僅僅在于比賽得分低，而是在于比賽中缺乏進展感。美國觀眾習(xí)慣于看到比賽狀態(tài)發(fā)生永久性變化，或者至少是很難逆轉(zhuǎn)的變化（除了比賽時間）。當(dāng)然，比分變化也可以算是永久性的進展，但基本上就是這樣，而且不經(jīng)常發(fā)生。其他美國體育項目有更多可以算作進展的因素。
低比分游戲。

Consider in American football when a pass is completed. That progress is, while not quite permanent, at least more permanent than a similar pass in soccer (calling it soccer here to avoid confusion with American football). The other football team can't reverse that progress as easily as one could in soccer. The effort it took to get the ball to that point is more interesting because once the gain is made, it sticks.
To underscore my point, I've noticed that when my friends watch soccer with me (I'm always the one wanting to watch), the only thing that piques their interest as much as a goal is a red card, because a red card means the game has changed in a real and permanent way.

想想美式橄欖球中傳球完成的時候。這種進步雖然不是永久的，但至少比足球中的類似傳球更持久(這里稱其為足球“soccer”，以避免與美式橄欖球混淆)。另一方面橄欖球隊無法像足球隊那樣輕易扭轉(zhuǎn)這種進展。球傳到那一點所花費的努力更有趣，因為一旦取得進展，優(yōu)勢就會保持下來。
為了強調(diào)我的觀點，我注意到，當(dāng)我的朋友和我一起看足球比賽時(我總是那個想看足球比賽的人)，唯一能像進球一樣激起他們興趣的是一張紅牌，因為紅牌意味著比賽已經(jīng)發(fā)生了真正的、永久的變化。

Dw Park
Why is soccer not popular in America?
Actually, in many facets, soccer is extremely popular in the United States. Here are some things to note:
The US has the second highest number of registered players in the world, next to Germany. We have more registered players than soccer hotbeds of Brazil, England, France.
The international exhibition games where pro clubs from Europe come over and play in the preseason almost are always sold out or come very close.
in the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, more tickets were purchased from the US than any other country.
The Mexican national team plays many, if not the majority of their matches in the US. They have no problem selling out the venues when they do.
Now here are some reason why many perceive soccer not to be popular in the US

在美國，為什么足球不受歡迎？
確實，在許多方面，足球在美國非常受歡迎。以下是一些值得注意的事項：
美國擁有全球第二多的注冊足球球員，僅次于德國。在注冊球員數(shù)量上超過了巴西、英格蘭和法國等傳統(tǒng)足球強國。
歐洲職業(yè)俱樂部在季前賽期間進行的國際友誼賽通常都是售罄或非常接近售罄的。
在2014年巴西世界杯上，美國購買的門票數(shù)量超過了任何其他國家。
墨西哥國家隊在美國打了很多比賽，如果不是大多數(shù)比賽都在美國進行。當(dāng)他們在美國打比賽的時候，關(guān)于門票售罄方面從來不是問題。
以下是許多人認為足球在美國不受歡迎的一些原因：

The domestic US league, MLS, does not get very high TV ratings and only seems to attract alot of fans in only certain metropolitan areas.
The hugest soccer-first US demographic, the latino-immigrant population is largely marginalized from organized US soccer federation structure.
The US domestic league, MLS , is a single entity league, where all teams are franchises of the league. This reinforces a self preservation policy that limits the potential growth of the league in terms of talent and competition level. Most countries outside the US do not have this but rather an open market that allows open competition with promotion and relegation of independent clubs based on merit which organically creates the highest competition level possible in these leagues. This is why leagues like the English premiere league, Spanish La Liga, or even the Mexican Liga MX attract more fans in the US than MLS. Here “promotion” to MLS is based on MLS awarding an ownership group a franchise, based on such factor as geography, finances, ability to buid a soccer specific stadium, nothing to do with the merits or performance of the team, and no team is relegated. In fact if they suck that year they are rewarded with early draft picks. Such a thing may be ok in other US sports like the NFL, MLB, or even NBA, but soccer is a very global game with many well established leagues, so the US is behind and will only stay behind compared to the rest of the world due to this structure, even though there is potential for a huge market in the US

美國本土聯(lián)賽——美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟（MLS）的電視收視率并不高，而且似乎只在某些大都市地區(qū)吸引了大量球迷。
作為美國最大的足球第一人口，拉丁裔移民在很大程度上被有組織的美國足球聯(lián)合會結(jié)構(gòu)邊緣化。
美國國內(nèi)聯(lián)賽美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟（MLS）是一個單一的聯(lián)盟，所有球隊都是聯(lián)盟的職業(yè)足球隊。這加強了自我保護政策，限制了聯(lián)盟在人才和競爭水平方面增長的的潛力。美國以外的大多數(shù)國家都沒有這樣的制度，而是有一個開放的市場，允許獨立俱樂部根據(jù)成績進行升降級的公開競爭，從而在這些聯(lián)賽中有機地創(chuàng)造出最高的競爭水平。這就是為什么英超聯(lián)賽、西甲聯(lián)賽、甚至墨西哥甲級聯(lián)賽在美國比MLS吸引更多球迷的原因。在這里，“晉升”到MLS是基于MLS授予一個所有權(quán)集團職業(yè)足球隊，這是基于地理、財政、建造一個足球?qū)Ｓ皿w育場的能力等因素，與球隊的優(yōu)點或表現(xiàn)無關(guān)，而且沒有球隊被降級。事實上，如果他們在那一年表現(xiàn)不佳，他們會得到早期選秀權(quán)的獎勵。這樣的事情在其他美國運動中可能沒問題，比如NFL, MLB，甚至NBA，但足球是一項非常全球化的運動，有許多成熟的聯(lián)賽，因此，由于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，盡管美國有巨大的市場潛力，美國落后于世界其他地區(qū)，而且只會落后于世界其他地區(qū)。
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Jackson Davis
Why is soccer (as a spectator sport) not more popular in the US? Is there something about the gameplay of soccer that makes it less popular in the US?
If I had to guess,
Lower quality of play in the MLS as compared to Europe. We have a while to go here, and this isn't helped by the fact that most US players with any sort of talent play in Europe (and rightfully so).
Low scoring and ties allowed. Most Americans hate ties. Particularly the 0-0 tie, which is considered a waste of time/money.
Missed diving/handballs/other bad calls. Unfortunately, no league has really instituted video review as has become very common in US sports. Most Americans hate the idea of such dishonest play, and the players come off as cheating wimps.
Most of all, I think its because most Americans just don't appreciate the more subtle aspects of the game. Many Americans say soccer is too boring yet they love baseball, which is in my opinion far more boring than soccer.

在美國，為什么足球（作為一項觀賞性運動）不那么受歡迎？足球的游戲性有沒有讓它在美國不那么受歡迎？
如果非要我猜的話，
與歐洲相比，美國職業(yè)足球大聯(lián)盟的比賽質(zhì)量較低。我我們還需要一段時間，大多數(shù)有任何天賦的美國球員都在歐洲踢球（這是理所當(dāng)然的），這對我們沒有幫助。
得分低，允許打平。大多數(shù)美國人討厭打平。尤其是0-0的平局，這被認為是浪費時間/金錢。
假摔/手球/其他錯誤的判罰。不幸的是，沒有一個聯(lián)盟真正建立起視頻審查制度，這在美國體育界已經(jīng)很常見了。大多數(shù)美國人討厭這種不誠實的比賽，球員們被認為是作弊的懦夫。
最重要的是，我認為這是因為大多數(shù)美國人不欣賞比賽中更微妙的方面。許多美國人說足球太無聊了，但他們喜歡棒球，在我看來，棒球遠比足球無聊。