網友討論:入侵伊拉克給美國帶來了什么?
‘A total fiasco in all aspects’: 20 years on, how the illegal invasion of Iraq backfired on the US譯文簡介
2003年3月,時任總統(tǒng)喬治·W·布什批準了這次軍事進攻,這對美國政治和全球對美國的看法產生了重大影響。
正文翻譯
In March 2003, then President George W Bush approved the military attack, with major repercussions for US politics, and global perceptions of the country
2003年3月,時任總統(tǒng)喬治·W·布什批準了這次軍事進攻,這對美國政治和全球對美國的看法產生了重大影響。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Twenty years ago, the world was shaken by one of the major geopolitical events of this century. On the morning of March 20, 2003, the US officially launched its illegal invasion of Iraq. The rationale was based on Iraqi President Saddam Hussein’s alleged ties with terrorists, and intelligence regarding the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. However, both claims turned out to be false and were later refuted.
Russian political analysts believe that the real reasons behind the invasion of Iraq included a desire for control over oil fields, the naive hope of creating a ‘showcase of democracy’ in the Middle East, and a demonstration of the ‘fight against terrorism’ to US voters. None of these goals were achieved, but the grievous consequences of the endeavor are evident.
20年前,本世紀的一次重大地緣政治事件震動了世界。2003年3月20日上午,美國正式對伊拉克發(fā)動非法入侵。理由是伊拉克總統(tǒng)薩達姆·侯賽因據稱與恐怖分子有聯(lián)系,以及有關伊拉克存在大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的情報。然而,這兩種說法都被證明是錯誤的,后來都被駁斥了。
俄羅斯政治分析人士認為,入侵伊拉克的真正原因包括渴望控制油田,天真地希望在中東創(chuàng)造一個“民主的櫥窗”,并向美國選民展示“打擊恐怖主義”。這些目標都沒有實現(xiàn),但這種努力的嚴重后果是顯而易見的。
Russian political analysts believe that the real reasons behind the invasion of Iraq included a desire for control over oil fields, the naive hope of creating a ‘showcase of democracy’ in the Middle East, and a demonstration of the ‘fight against terrorism’ to US voters. None of these goals were achieved, but the grievous consequences of the endeavor are evident.
20年前,本世紀的一次重大地緣政治事件震動了世界。2003年3月20日上午,美國正式對伊拉克發(fā)動非法入侵。理由是伊拉克總統(tǒng)薩達姆·侯賽因據稱與恐怖分子有聯(lián)系,以及有關伊拉克存在大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的情報。然而,這兩種說法都被證明是錯誤的,后來都被駁斥了。
俄羅斯政治分析人士認為,入侵伊拉克的真正原因包括渴望控制油田,天真地希望在中東創(chuàng)造一個“民主的櫥窗”,并向美國選民展示“打擊恐怖主義”。這些目標都沒有實現(xiàn),但這種努力的嚴重后果是顯而易見的。
The reasons behind the invasion
Washington initially called its operation ‘Shock and Awe’, but later renamed it ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’. Official Baghdad called it ‘Harb al?Hawasim’ (the Final War).
American society had been carefully prepared for the war over the course of several years. On January 30, 2002, then-President George W. Bush first used the expression ‘axis of evil’ in his State of the unx address when referring to North Korea, Iran, and Iraq. In February of that year, US Secretary of State Colin Powell publicly discussed a potential change of regime in Baghdad.
入侵背后的原因
華盛頓最初稱其為“震懾”行動,但后來更名為“伊拉克自由行動”。巴格達官方稱之為“決定性戰(zhàn)爭”。
美國社會已經為這場戰(zhàn)爭做了幾年的精心準備。2002年1月30日,時任美國總統(tǒng)喬治·W·布什在國情咨文中首次使用了“邪惡軸心”一詞,指的是朝鮮、伊朗和伊拉克。同年2月,美國國務卿科林·鮑威爾公開討論了巴格達政權更迭的可能性。
Washington initially called its operation ‘Shock and Awe’, but later renamed it ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’. Official Baghdad called it ‘Harb al?Hawasim’ (the Final War).
American society had been carefully prepared for the war over the course of several years. On January 30, 2002, then-President George W. Bush first used the expression ‘axis of evil’ in his State of the unx address when referring to North Korea, Iran, and Iraq. In February of that year, US Secretary of State Colin Powell publicly discussed a potential change of regime in Baghdad.
入侵背后的原因
華盛頓最初稱其為“震懾”行動,但后來更名為“伊拉克自由行動”。巴格達官方稱之為“決定性戰(zhàn)爭”。
美國社會已經為這場戰(zhàn)爭做了幾年的精心準備。2002年1月30日,時任美國總統(tǒng)喬治·W·布什在國情咨文中首次使用了“邪惡軸心”一詞,指的是朝鮮、伊朗和伊拉克。同年2月,美國國務卿科林·鮑威爾公開討論了巴格達政權更迭的可能性。
Bush's team stated that one of their main goals in Iraq was the fight against terrorism, which was launched after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The US government claimed that Osama Bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda terrorist organization was responsible and was also being supported by then-Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. However, on September 9, 2006, the US Senate released a report which proved that Hussein had no lixs with Al-Qaeda. Moreover, as the report showed, he had “tried, though unsuccessfully,” to find and capture Iraqi terrorist leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.
布什的班子說,他們在伊拉克的主要目標之一是打擊2001年9月11日恐怖襲擊后發(fā)動的恐怖主義。美國政府聲稱,奧薩馬·本·拉登的基地恐怖組織對此事件負責,該組織還得到了時任伊拉克總統(tǒng)薩達姆·侯賽因的支持。然而,2006年9月9日,美國參議院公布了一份報告,證明侯賽因與基地組織沒有聯(lián)系。此外,正如報告所顯示的那樣,他曾“試圖(盡管沒有成功)”找到并抓獲伊拉克恐怖分子頭目阿布·穆薩布·扎卡維。
布什的班子說,他們在伊拉克的主要目標之一是打擊2001年9月11日恐怖襲擊后發(fā)動的恐怖主義。美國政府聲稱,奧薩馬·本·拉登的基地恐怖組織對此事件負責,該組織還得到了時任伊拉克總統(tǒng)薩達姆·侯賽因的支持。然而,2006年9月9日,美國參議院公布了一份報告,證明侯賽因與基地組織沒有聯(lián)系。此外,正如報告所顯示的那樣,他曾“試圖(盡管沒有成功)”找到并抓獲伊拉克恐怖分子頭目阿布·穆薩布·扎卡維。
Another reason for the invasion was Iraq’s supposed development of weapons of mass destruction. At a meeting of the UN Security Council on February 5, 2003, Colin Powell showed a test tube with white powder that he claimed contained samples of chemical weapons found in the country. But this ‘proof’ also turned out to be fake. On October 6, 2004, the Iraq Survey Group, comprised of 1,400 US, British, and Australian weapons experts, established that by 2003, the country “had no nuclear, chemical, or bacteriological weapons programs, or WMD arsenals.”
入侵伊拉克的另一個原因是伊拉克據稱正在發(fā)展大規(guī)模殺傷性武器。2003年2月5日,在聯(lián)合國安理會的一次會議上,科林·鮑威爾展示了一個裝有白色粉末的試管,他聲稱這是在伊拉克發(fā)現(xiàn)的化學武器的樣本。但這個“證據”也被證明是假的。2004年10月6日,由1400名美國、英國和澳大利亞武器專家組成的伊拉克調查小組確定,到2003年,伊拉克“沒有核武器、化學武器或細菌武器計劃,也沒有大規(guī)模殺傷性武器庫”。
入侵伊拉克的另一個原因是伊拉克據稱正在發(fā)展大規(guī)模殺傷性武器。2003年2月5日,在聯(lián)合國安理會的一次會議上,科林·鮑威爾展示了一個裝有白色粉末的試管,他聲稱這是在伊拉克發(fā)現(xiàn)的化學武器的樣本。但這個“證據”也被證明是假的。2004年10月6日,由1400名美國、英國和澳大利亞武器專家組成的伊拉克調查小組確定,到2003年,伊拉克“沒有核武器、化學武器或細菌武器計劃,也沒有大規(guī)模殺傷性武器庫”。
In other words, both accusations which were supposed to justify the US military intervention turned out to be false. As Andrey Chuprygin, a senior lecturer at the HSE School of Asian Studies, explains, the real reason behind the illegal invasion was that the ‘war on terror’ declared by Bush in 2001 yielded no visible results by 2003.
“By 2003, the US spent a huge amount of money and lost military personnel, but there was still nothing tangible to show voters – there was no victory over terror. It seems that Iraq and Saddam Hussein were chosen as scapegoats in order to gain an illustrious victory and present it to voters. And that was exactly what happened,” Chuprygin told RT.
換句話說,這兩項旨在為美國軍事干預辯護的指控都是錯誤的。正如HSE亞洲研究學院高級講師安德烈·楚普里金所解釋的那樣,非法入侵背后的真正原因是布什在2001年宣布的“反恐戰(zhàn)爭”到2003年沒有取得明顯的成果。
“到2003年,美國花費了巨額資金并損失了軍事人員,但是,仍然沒有什么實質的東西可以向選民展示——沒有戰(zhàn)勝恐怖主義。伊拉克和薩達姆·侯賽因被選為替罪羊,似乎是為了獲得輝煌的勝利,并將其呈現(xiàn)給選民。事實就是這樣,”丘普里金告訴《今日俄羅斯》。
“By 2003, the US spent a huge amount of money and lost military personnel, but there was still nothing tangible to show voters – there was no victory over terror. It seems that Iraq and Saddam Hussein were chosen as scapegoats in order to gain an illustrious victory and present it to voters. And that was exactly what happened,” Chuprygin told RT.
換句話說,這兩項旨在為美國軍事干預辯護的指控都是錯誤的。正如HSE亞洲研究學院高級講師安德烈·楚普里金所解釋的那樣,非法入侵背后的真正原因是布什在2001年宣布的“反恐戰(zhàn)爭”到2003年沒有取得明顯的成果。
“到2003年,美國花費了巨額資金并損失了軍事人員,但是,仍然沒有什么實質的東西可以向選民展示——沒有戰(zhàn)勝恐怖主義。伊拉克和薩達姆·侯賽因被選為替罪羊,似乎是為了獲得輝煌的勝利,并將其呈現(xiàn)給選民。事實就是這樣,”丘普里金告訴《今日俄羅斯》。
He believes that Hussein’s main political mistake – the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 – made him a target for the US. “He set himself up and became a convenient target for the Americans, who wanted to kill two birds with one stone: Demonstrate victory in the war on terror by labeling Hussein a terrorist accomplice, and also help their ally, Saudi Arabia.”
The invasion of Iraq revealed the true goals of the war against terrorism, Vladimir Vasiliev, chief researcher at the Institute for US and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes. In his opinion, the US was chiefly concerned about establishing control over the oil fields in the Near and Middle East.
他認為侯賽因的主要政治錯誤——1990年入侵科威特——使他成為美國的攻擊目標?!八匀∑涞湥蔀槊绹说陌凶?。美國人想一箭雙雕:給侯賽因貼上恐怖分子幫兇的標簽,展示反恐戰(zhàn)爭的勝利,同時幫助他們的盟友沙特阿拉伯?!?br /> 俄羅斯科學院美加研究所首席研究員弗拉基米爾·瓦西里耶夫認為,入侵伊拉克揭示了反恐戰(zhàn)爭的真正目標。在他看來,美國主要關心的是建立對近東和中東油田的控制。
The invasion of Iraq revealed the true goals of the war against terrorism, Vladimir Vasiliev, chief researcher at the Institute for US and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes. In his opinion, the US was chiefly concerned about establishing control over the oil fields in the Near and Middle East.
他認為侯賽因的主要政治錯誤——1990年入侵科威特——使他成為美國的攻擊目標?!八匀∑涞湥蔀槊绹说陌凶?。美國人想一箭雙雕:給侯賽因貼上恐怖分子幫兇的標簽,展示反恐戰(zhàn)爭的勝利,同時幫助他們的盟友沙特阿拉伯?!?br /> 俄羅斯科學院美加研究所首席研究員弗拉基米爾·瓦西里耶夫認為,入侵伊拉克揭示了反恐戰(zhàn)爭的真正目標。在他看來,美國主要關心的是建立對近東和中東油田的控制。
“They wanted to have control over the global market, over the energy and oil prices. They wanted to make a big profit and directly influence the global energy market. American energy monopolies were the main sponsors of the Republican Party at the time,” he told RT.
Vasiliev also said the US wanted Iraq to become a kind of ‘showcase of democracy’, a Western-type country in the Middle East. Washington hoped that these ideas would later spread west and east of Iraq, and come to influence Syria and other countries.
Close relations between the US and Israel may have also played an important role in the Iraqi operation, Vasiliev noted. Under the leadership of Hussein, Iraq was then seen as one of the main threats to Israel’s national security.
他告訴RT,“他們想控制全球市場,控制能源和石油價格。他們想大賺一筆,并直接影響全球能源市場。當時,美國的能源壟斷企業(yè)是共和黨的主要支持者?!?br /> 瓦西里耶夫還表示,美國希望伊拉克成為一種“民主的櫥窗”,成為中東地區(qū)的一個西方式國家。華盛頓希望這些想法后來能傳播到伊拉克的西部和東部,進而影響敘利亞和其他國家。
瓦西里耶夫指出,美國和以色列之間的密切關系可能也在伊拉克行動中發(fā)揮了重要作用。在侯賽因的領導下,伊拉克被視為以色列國家安全的主要威脅之一。
Vasiliev also said the US wanted Iraq to become a kind of ‘showcase of democracy’, a Western-type country in the Middle East. Washington hoped that these ideas would later spread west and east of Iraq, and come to influence Syria and other countries.
Close relations between the US and Israel may have also played an important role in the Iraqi operation, Vasiliev noted. Under the leadership of Hussein, Iraq was then seen as one of the main threats to Israel’s national security.
他告訴RT,“他們想控制全球市場,控制能源和石油價格。他們想大賺一筆,并直接影響全球能源市場。當時,美國的能源壟斷企業(yè)是共和黨的主要支持者?!?br /> 瓦西里耶夫還表示,美國希望伊拉克成為一種“民主的櫥窗”,成為中東地區(qū)的一個西方式國家。華盛頓希望這些想法后來能傳播到伊拉克的西部和東部,進而影響敘利亞和其他國家。
瓦西里耶夫指出,美國和以色列之間的密切關系可能也在伊拉克行動中發(fā)揮了重要作用。在侯賽因的領導下,伊拉克被視為以色列國家安全的主要威脅之一。
The military campaign
The joint operation of US and British troops against Iraq was not sanctioned by the UN Security Council. Powell stated that the governments of 45 states either directly or indirectly supported the US, and 30 states unconditionally supported America’s goal of overthrowing Hussein.
The operation was led by the Joint Central Command (JCC) of the US Armed Forces. A 280,000-strong grouping of US and British troops took part in combat in the Persian Gulf zone. The Air Force was equipped with over 700 combat aircraft. The coalition had over 800 American M?1 Abrams tanks, around 120 British Challenger tanks, over 600 American M?2/M?3 Bradley armored vehicles, and around 150 British Warrior armored vehicles.
The Iraqi Army numbered 389,000 soldiers, 40-60,000 p aramilitary and police formations, and 650,000 reservists. It was armed with around 2,500 tanks, 1,500 BMP?1 and BMP?2 infantry fighting vehicles, and around 2,000 artillery pieces over 100mm in caliber. Iraq had around 300 combat aircraft (mainly Mirage F?1EQ, MiG?29, MiG?25, MiG?23, and MiG?21), 100 combat helicopters, and 300 transport helicopters.
軍事行動
美國和英國軍隊對伊拉克的聯(lián)合行動沒有得到聯(lián)合國安理會的批準。鮑威爾說,45個州的政府直接或間接地支持美國,30個州無條件地支持美國推翻侯賽因的目標。
這次行動由美國武裝部隊聯(lián)合中央司令部領導。一支28萬多名美國和英國士兵組成軍隊參加了波斯灣地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)斗。空軍裝備了700多架戰(zhàn)斗機。聯(lián)軍擁有800多輛美國M-1艾布拉姆斯坦克,大約120輛英國“挑戰(zhàn)者”坦克,600多輛美國M-2/M-3布雷德利裝甲車和大約150輛英國“勇士”裝甲車。
伊拉克陸軍有38萬9千名士兵,40-6萬名憲兵和警察,65萬名預備役軍人。它裝備有大約2500輛坦克,1500輛BMP -1和BMP-2步兵戰(zhàn)車,大約2000門口徑超過100毫米的火炮。伊拉克擁有大約300架作戰(zhàn)飛機(主要是幻影F-1EQ、米格-29、米格-25、米格-23和米格-21)、100架戰(zhàn)斗直升機和300架運輸直升機。
The joint operation of US and British troops against Iraq was not sanctioned by the UN Security Council. Powell stated that the governments of 45 states either directly or indirectly supported the US, and 30 states unconditionally supported America’s goal of overthrowing Hussein.
The operation was led by the Joint Central Command (JCC) of the US Armed Forces. A 280,000-strong grouping of US and British troops took part in combat in the Persian Gulf zone. The Air Force was equipped with over 700 combat aircraft. The coalition had over 800 American M?1 Abrams tanks, around 120 British Challenger tanks, over 600 American M?2/M?3 Bradley armored vehicles, and around 150 British Warrior armored vehicles.
The Iraqi Army numbered 389,000 soldiers, 40-60,000 p aramilitary and police formations, and 650,000 reservists. It was armed with around 2,500 tanks, 1,500 BMP?1 and BMP?2 infantry fighting vehicles, and around 2,000 artillery pieces over 100mm in caliber. Iraq had around 300 combat aircraft (mainly Mirage F?1EQ, MiG?29, MiG?25, MiG?23, and MiG?21), 100 combat helicopters, and 300 transport helicopters.
軍事行動
美國和英國軍隊對伊拉克的聯(lián)合行動沒有得到聯(lián)合國安理會的批準。鮑威爾說,45個州的政府直接或間接地支持美國,30個州無條件地支持美國推翻侯賽因的目標。
這次行動由美國武裝部隊聯(lián)合中央司令部領導。一支28萬多名美國和英國士兵組成軍隊參加了波斯灣地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)斗。空軍裝備了700多架戰(zhàn)斗機。聯(lián)軍擁有800多輛美國M-1艾布拉姆斯坦克,大約120輛英國“挑戰(zhàn)者”坦克,600多輛美國M-2/M-3布雷德利裝甲車和大約150輛英國“勇士”裝甲車。
伊拉克陸軍有38萬9千名士兵,40-6萬名憲兵和警察,65萬名預備役軍人。它裝備有大約2500輛坦克,1500輛BMP -1和BMP-2步兵戰(zhàn)車,大約2000門口徑超過100毫米的火炮。伊拉克擁有大約300架作戰(zhàn)飛機(主要是幻影F-1EQ、米格-29、米格-25、米格-23和米格-21)、100架戰(zhàn)斗直升機和300架運輸直升機。
The US began its operation with isolated strikes on strategically important military targets and government facilities in Baghdad, using sea-based cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions. It took the Americans 20 days to capture the capital. Baghdad was occupied on April 9, followed by two of Iraq’s largest cities, Kirkuk and Mosul, on April 10 and 11.
On May 1, 2003, the US president announced the end of hostilities and the beginning of the military occupation of Iraq. Not until November 2008 did the Iraqi government and parliament, which had effectively been installed by Washington, approve an agreement on the withdrawal of US troops and the regulation of their temporary stay on Iraqi territory. In the winter of 2009, when Barack Obama was elected US president, 90,000 troops were withdrawn from Iraq. On August 31, 2010, Obama announced the end of the active stage of the military operation. The last column of American troops left Iraq on December 18, 2011.
美國在行動開始時,使用?;埠綄椇途_制導彈藥,對巴格達具有重要戰(zhàn)略意義的軍事目標和政府設施進行了孤立的打擊。美軍花了20天占領了首都。巴格達4月9日被占領,伊拉克兩個最大的城市基爾庫克和摩蘇爾4月10日和11日被占領。
2003年5月1日,美國總統(tǒng)宣布結束敵對行動,開始對伊拉克的軍事占領。直到2008年11月,伊拉克政府和議會(實際上是由華盛頓設立的)才批準了一項關于美軍撤離和美軍在伊拉克領土上臨時停留的協(xié)議。2009年冬天,當巴拉克·奧巴馬當選美國總統(tǒng)時,美國從伊拉克撤出了9萬名士兵。2010年8月31日,奧巴馬宣布軍事行動的活躍階段結束。2011年12月18日,美軍最后一支縱隊離開伊拉克。
On May 1, 2003, the US president announced the end of hostilities and the beginning of the military occupation of Iraq. Not until November 2008 did the Iraqi government and parliament, which had effectively been installed by Washington, approve an agreement on the withdrawal of US troops and the regulation of their temporary stay on Iraqi territory. In the winter of 2009, when Barack Obama was elected US president, 90,000 troops were withdrawn from Iraq. On August 31, 2010, Obama announced the end of the active stage of the military operation. The last column of American troops left Iraq on December 18, 2011.
美國在行動開始時,使用?;埠綄椇途_制導彈藥,對巴格達具有重要戰(zhàn)略意義的軍事目標和政府設施進行了孤立的打擊。美軍花了20天占領了首都。巴格達4月9日被占領,伊拉克兩個最大的城市基爾庫克和摩蘇爾4月10日和11日被占領。
2003年5月1日,美國總統(tǒng)宣布結束敵對行動,開始對伊拉克的軍事占領。直到2008年11月,伊拉克政府和議會(實際上是由華盛頓設立的)才批準了一項關于美軍撤離和美軍在伊拉克領土上臨時停留的協(xié)議。2009年冬天,當巴拉克·奧巴馬當選美國總統(tǒng)時,美國從伊拉克撤出了9萬名士兵。2010年8月31日,奧巴馬宣布軍事行動的活躍階段結束。2011年12月18日,美軍最后一支縱隊離開伊拉克。
Iraq no longer exists
The US invasion resulted in the overthrow of Hussein’s government. In 2006, he was found guilty of murdering 148 Shiites and was sentenced to death by hanging.
Chuprygin believes that Iraq ceased to exist as a unified state after the US invasion. The country broke apart into different regions controlled by hostile political forces. To this day, there has been no end to the confrontation.
The new Iraqi Constitution was adopted in 2005. It proclaimed Iraq a democratic federal parliamentary republic, approved autonomous governance in the country’s north and south regions, and redistributed power in favor of the Shiites and Kurds.
“Iraq seems to be a single state (at least to the outside observer), but this is really not the case. Opinions differ whether it will remain unified or, as many experts said a few years ago, would break up into two or even three territories – Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish,” Chuprygin said.
伊拉克已不復存在
美國的入侵導致侯賽因政府被推翻。2006年,他被判謀殺148名什葉派教徒,并被處以絞刑。
丘普里金認為,在美國入侵后,伊拉克就不再是一個統(tǒng)一的國家了。這個國家分裂成由敵對政治勢力控制的不同地區(qū)。直到今天,雙方的對抗還沒有結束。
伊拉克新憲法于2005年通過。它宣布伊拉克為民主聯(lián)邦議會制共和國,批準伊拉克北部和南部地區(qū)實行自治,并重新分配了有利于什葉派和庫爾德人的權力。
丘普里金說:“伊拉克似乎是一個單一的國家(至少在外部觀察員看來是這樣),但事實并非如此。它是會保持統(tǒng)一,還是像許多專家?guī)啄昵罢f的那樣,會分裂成兩個甚至三個地區(qū)——什葉派、遜尼派和庫爾德人?!?/b>
The US invasion resulted in the overthrow of Hussein’s government. In 2006, he was found guilty of murdering 148 Shiites and was sentenced to death by hanging.
Chuprygin believes that Iraq ceased to exist as a unified state after the US invasion. The country broke apart into different regions controlled by hostile political forces. To this day, there has been no end to the confrontation.
The new Iraqi Constitution was adopted in 2005. It proclaimed Iraq a democratic federal parliamentary republic, approved autonomous governance in the country’s north and south regions, and redistributed power in favor of the Shiites and Kurds.
“Iraq seems to be a single state (at least to the outside observer), but this is really not the case. Opinions differ whether it will remain unified or, as many experts said a few years ago, would break up into two or even three territories – Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish,” Chuprygin said.
伊拉克已不復存在
美國的入侵導致侯賽因政府被推翻。2006年,他被判謀殺148名什葉派教徒,并被處以絞刑。
丘普里金認為,在美國入侵后,伊拉克就不再是一個統(tǒng)一的國家了。這個國家分裂成由敵對政治勢力控制的不同地區(qū)。直到今天,雙方的對抗還沒有結束。
伊拉克新憲法于2005年通過。它宣布伊拉克為民主聯(lián)邦議會制共和國,批準伊拉克北部和南部地區(qū)實行自治,并重新分配了有利于什葉派和庫爾德人的權力。
丘普里金說:“伊拉克似乎是一個單一的國家(至少在外部觀察員看來是這樣),但事實并非如此。它是會保持統(tǒng)一,還是像許多專家?guī)啄昵罢f的那樣,會分裂成兩個甚至三個地區(qū)——什葉派、遜尼派和庫爾德人?!?/b>
Terrorism and countless victims
The biggest global consequences of the US intervention include the formation of Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS) in Syria and Iraq – which in military and economic terms, became the world’s most powerful terrorist organization. As Vasiliev notes, IS was originally made up of former officers of Hussein’s army who remained loyal to him. The Islamists viewed the US as occupiers and staged numerous attacks against US troops in Iraq.
In the years that followed, hundreds of thousands of people became victims of the military invasion, terrorism, and the civil war between the Shiites and Sunnis. It is still not known exactly how many people died during the eight years of the US operation in Iraq. The non-governmental organization Iraq Body Count (IBC) claims that by the summer of 2010, the number of civilian deaths ranged from 97,000 to 106,000 people. Other estimates state that almost half a million Iraqis died as a result of combat from 2003 to 2011. According to the Pentagon, the losses of US servicemen amounted to 4,487 people, and 66 soldiers died in Iraq after the end of the operation.
恐怖主義和無數受害者
美國干預的最大全球后果包括在敘利亞和伊拉克形成伊斯蘭國(IS,前身為ISIS)——從軍事和經濟角度來看,伊斯蘭國已成為世界上最強大的恐怖組織。瓦西里耶夫指出,IS最初是由忠于侯賽因的前軍官組成的。伊斯蘭主義者視美國為占領者,對駐伊美軍發(fā)動了多次襲擊。
在接下來的幾年里,成千上萬的人成為軍事入侵、恐怖主義和什葉派和遜尼派之間內戰(zhàn)的受害者。目前還不清楚在美國在伊拉克的8年行動中究竟有多少人死亡。非政府組織伊拉克尸體統(tǒng)計(IBC)聲稱,截至2010年夏季,平民死亡人數在9.7萬至10.6萬之間。另有估計稱,從2003年到2011年,近50萬伊拉克人死于戰(zhàn)爭。
根據五角大樓的數據,美國軍人的死亡人數達到4487人,行動結束后,66名士兵在伊拉克喪生。
The biggest global consequences of the US intervention include the formation of Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS) in Syria and Iraq – which in military and economic terms, became the world’s most powerful terrorist organization. As Vasiliev notes, IS was originally made up of former officers of Hussein’s army who remained loyal to him. The Islamists viewed the US as occupiers and staged numerous attacks against US troops in Iraq.
In the years that followed, hundreds of thousands of people became victims of the military invasion, terrorism, and the civil war between the Shiites and Sunnis. It is still not known exactly how many people died during the eight years of the US operation in Iraq. The non-governmental organization Iraq Body Count (IBC) claims that by the summer of 2010, the number of civilian deaths ranged from 97,000 to 106,000 people. Other estimates state that almost half a million Iraqis died as a result of combat from 2003 to 2011. According to the Pentagon, the losses of US servicemen amounted to 4,487 people, and 66 soldiers died in Iraq after the end of the operation.
恐怖主義和無數受害者
美國干預的最大全球后果包括在敘利亞和伊拉克形成伊斯蘭國(IS,前身為ISIS)——從軍事和經濟角度來看,伊斯蘭國已成為世界上最強大的恐怖組織。瓦西里耶夫指出,IS最初是由忠于侯賽因的前軍官組成的。伊斯蘭主義者視美國為占領者,對駐伊美軍發(fā)動了多次襲擊。
在接下來的幾年里,成千上萬的人成為軍事入侵、恐怖主義和什葉派和遜尼派之間內戰(zhàn)的受害者。目前還不清楚在美國在伊拉克的8年行動中究竟有多少人死亡。非政府組織伊拉克尸體統(tǒng)計(IBC)聲稱,截至2010年夏季,平民死亡人數在9.7萬至10.6萬之間。另有估計稱,從2003年到2011年,近50萬伊拉克人死于戰(zhàn)爭。
根據五角大樓的數據,美國軍人的死亡人數達到4487人,行動結束后,66名士兵在伊拉克喪生。
In 2015, Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Saleh al-Mutlaq stated that the number of internally displaced persons in the country topped 3 million people.
Human Rights Watch also noted that a system of collective punishment against families suspected of affiliation with the Islamists formed in areas liberated from ISIS.
2015年,伊拉克副總理穆特拉克表示,國內流離失所者的人數超過300萬。
人權觀察還指出,在從伊斯蘭國解放出來的地區(qū),建立了一個針對涉嫌與伊斯蘭主義者有關聯(lián)的家庭的集體懲罰制度。
Human Rights Watch also noted that a system of collective punishment against families suspected of affiliation with the Islamists formed in areas liberated from ISIS.
2015年,伊拉克副總理穆特拉克表示,國內流離失所者的人數超過300萬。
人權觀察還指出,在從伊斯蘭國解放出來的地區(qū),建立了一個針對涉嫌與伊斯蘭主義者有關聯(lián)的家庭的集體懲罰制度。
US fiasco
“The Iraqi operation ended in a total fiasco in all aspects,” Vasiliev said.
He claims that the US failed in its crusade against the Islamic world, so Obama’s election was important not only from the standpoint of the anti-war movement in the US, but also in view of "extending an olive branch to the Islamic world.”
Washington did not manage to create a ‘showcase of democracy’ in Iraq which other Persian Gulf countries could emulate. The attempt to use Iraq as a stronghold for solving other geopolitical issues, including the fight against Iran, also fell through.
Moreover, Vasiliev believes that when US energy policy shifted, previous calculations regarding control over oil resources were no longer justified.
美國慘敗
瓦西里耶夫說:“在伊拉克的行動在各方面都以徹底失敗告終。
他聲稱,美國對伊斯蘭世界的十字軍東征失敗了,所以奧巴馬的當選不僅從美國反戰(zhàn)運動的立場來看很重要,而且從“向伊斯蘭世界伸出橄欖枝”的角度來看也很重要。華盛頓沒能在伊拉克創(chuàng)造一個其他波斯灣國家可以效仿的“民主樣板”。利用伊拉克作為解決包括對抗伊朗在內的其他地緣政治問題的據點的企圖也失敗了。
此外,瓦西里耶夫認為,當美國能源政策發(fā)生變化時,之前關于控制石油資源的計算不再合理。
“The Iraqi operation ended in a total fiasco in all aspects,” Vasiliev said.
He claims that the US failed in its crusade against the Islamic world, so Obama’s election was important not only from the standpoint of the anti-war movement in the US, but also in view of "extending an olive branch to the Islamic world.”
Washington did not manage to create a ‘showcase of democracy’ in Iraq which other Persian Gulf countries could emulate. The attempt to use Iraq as a stronghold for solving other geopolitical issues, including the fight against Iran, also fell through.
Moreover, Vasiliev believes that when US energy policy shifted, previous calculations regarding control over oil resources were no longer justified.
美國慘敗
瓦西里耶夫說:“在伊拉克的行動在各方面都以徹底失敗告終。
他聲稱,美國對伊斯蘭世界的十字軍東征失敗了,所以奧巴馬的當選不僅從美國反戰(zhàn)運動的立場來看很重要,而且從“向伊斯蘭世界伸出橄欖枝”的角度來看也很重要。華盛頓沒能在伊拉克創(chuàng)造一個其他波斯灣國家可以效仿的“民主樣板”。利用伊拉克作為解決包括對抗伊朗在內的其他地緣政治問題的據點的企圖也失敗了。
此外,瓦西里耶夫認為,當美國能源政策發(fā)生變化時,之前關于控制石油資源的計算不再合理。
“The reason for the fiasco was that, from the American standpoint, the neoliberal world order that won over Europe in the 1990s could be also applied to the Middle East. But this was not destined to come true,” Vasiliev said.
Ultimately, the invasion of Iraq turned many world leaders against the US.
“A powerful anti-American wave emerged. Never was it so strong as in that first decade of the 21st century. Germany and France, along with Russia, spoke out against the actions of the United States,” he explained.
Vasiliev added, however, that Europe’s “anti-Americanism vaccine” soon wore off, and the negative aspects of the US invasion gradually faded from memory with the departure of George W. Bush and the election of Barack Obama.
失敗的原因是,從美國的立場來看,上世紀90年代贏得歐洲的新自由主義世界秩序也可以適用于中東。但這注定不會成真,”瓦西里耶夫說。
最終,入侵伊拉克讓許多世界領導人轉而反對美國。
他解釋說,“一股強大的反美浪潮出現(xiàn)了。它從未像21世紀第一個十年那樣強大。德國、法國以及俄羅斯都公開反對美國的行動?!?br /> 然而,瓦西里耶夫補充說,歐洲的“反美主義疫苗”很快就失效了,隨著喬治·W·布什的離任和巴拉克·奧巴馬的當選,美國入侵的負面影響逐漸從記憶中消失。
Ultimately, the invasion of Iraq turned many world leaders against the US.
“A powerful anti-American wave emerged. Never was it so strong as in that first decade of the 21st century. Germany and France, along with Russia, spoke out against the actions of the United States,” he explained.
Vasiliev added, however, that Europe’s “anti-Americanism vaccine” soon wore off, and the negative aspects of the US invasion gradually faded from memory with the departure of George W. Bush and the election of Barack Obama.
失敗的原因是,從美國的立場來看,上世紀90年代贏得歐洲的新自由主義世界秩序也可以適用于中東。但這注定不會成真,”瓦西里耶夫說。
最終,入侵伊拉克讓許多世界領導人轉而反對美國。
他解釋說,“一股強大的反美浪潮出現(xiàn)了。它從未像21世紀第一個十年那樣強大。德國、法國以及俄羅斯都公開反對美國的行動?!?br /> 然而,瓦西里耶夫補充說,歐洲的“反美主義疫苗”很快就失效了,隨著喬治·W·布什的離任和巴拉克·奧巴馬的當選,美國入侵的負面影響逐漸從記憶中消失。
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And henceforth Mr. Putin was quite correct in recently labelling the USA as the "Empire of Lies."
因此,普京最近給美國貼上“謊言帝國”的標簽是非常正確的。
US are the real terrorists. Bush,Blair and Obama should be in jail
美國才是真正的恐怖分子。布什、布萊爾和奧巴馬應該被關進監(jiān)獄
Had nothing to do with helping Saudi Arabia - the Iraq war, like the Syria occupation, was a gift to Israel.
與幫助沙特阿拉伯無關——伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭,就像占領敘利亞一樣,是送給以色列的禮物。
Nowadays people wear blue and yellow in the USA symbolizing support to Ukraine. No one wears red and white, the colors of Iraq, in respect or even regret for what they did in this country
現(xiàn)在美國人穿藍色和黃色的衣服,象征著對烏克蘭的支持。沒有人會穿著代表伊拉克的紅色和白色衣服,對他們在這個國家所做的一切表示敬意或后悔
This was/is a war to destroy Israel's enemies
這是一場摧毀以色列敵人的戰(zhàn)爭
so where are the international arrest warrants for all these USa persons involved and also for the attack onLybia too
那么,針對所有這些美國人的國際逮捕令在哪里?
kay, George W. Bush may be a prisoner inside the US. He can′t leave!
喬治·W·布什可能是美國國內的囚犯。他不能離開!
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Just one trifle problem with this otherwise erudite news article: Bush didn't only "approve" the invasion of Iraq, he zealously advocated it, he spearheaded it. And in conspiracy with UK's former PM, Tony Blair. Neither of these scoundrels are in their deserved prison, both enjoy lavish pensions for their high crimes.
這篇學識淵博的文章有一個小問題:布什不僅“批準”了入侵伊拉克,他還熱情地提倡入侵伊拉克,是入侵伊拉克的先鋒。并與英國前首相托尼·布萊爾共謀。這兩個惡棍都沒有待在他們應該待的監(jiān)獄里,他們都因犯下重罪而享受著豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。
The US cowardly criminals their NATO vermin and Ukraine committed some of the worst war crimes in Iraq, where a million civilians were killed and the Jew witch Madeleine Albright gloated over how sanctions killed have a million Iraqi women and children. Where was the ICC then?
美國懦弱的罪犯,和他們的北約寄生蟲在伊拉克犯下了最嚴重的戰(zhàn)爭罪行,那里有100萬平民喪生,猶太女巫馬德琳·奧爾布賴特(譯注:克林頓政府國務卿)幸災樂禍地看著制裁殺死了100萬伊拉克婦女和兒童。當時國際刑事法院在哪里?
Pure Evil ...
In just 56 years (from the end of World War 2 to 2001), the US and its Satellite States initiated 201 of the 248 armed conflicts in 153 locations, accounting for over 80% of total wars fought during that time-period.
The US and its Satellite States are the largest violators, and enablers of Human Rights Violations in the world.
Since 2001, wars and military operations by the US and its Satellite States have claimed more than 2.3 million lives, and displaced tens of millions of people around the world.
“The United States is the most warlike nation in the history of the world...” - President Jimmy Carter (April 16, 2019) said. This is, he said, because of Washington’s tendency to force other nations to “adopt our American principles.”
純粹的邪惡……
在短短56年間(從二戰(zhàn)結束到2001年),美國及其衛(wèi)星國在153個地方發(fā)動了248場武裝沖突中的201場,占同期戰(zhàn)爭總數的80%以上。
美國及其衛(wèi)星國是世界上最大的侵犯人權者和縱容者。
自2001年以來,美國及其衛(wèi)星國的戰(zhàn)爭和軍事行動已經奪走了230多萬人的生命,并使全球數千萬人流離失所。
“美國是世界歷史上最好戰(zhàn)的國家……——美國總統(tǒng)吉米·卡特(2019年4月16日)說。他說,這是因為華盛頓傾向于迫使其他國家“接受我們美國的原則”。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
The US is cursed. Starting from its foundation of evil lies, going all the way to its imminent collapse in corrupt decadence.
美國被詛咒了。從它邪惡謊言的基礎開始,一直到它即將在腐敗墮落中崩潰。
US only goes to war with smaller countries and always with a whole lot of other countries following them. then they brag about how tough they are when they win. a true sign of a coward and bully
美國只會和較小的國家開戰(zhàn),而且總是有一大堆其他國家跟著他們。當他們獲勝時,他們會吹噓自己有多強悍。懦夫和惡霸的真正標志。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
ShutUpLige, You should add that the US hasn't won a war since WW2, with the exception of Grenada which was defended by a few handfuls of soldiers. And as usual the US murdered as many as they could.
你應該補充一句,自二戰(zhàn)以來,美國還沒有贏得過一場戰(zhàn)爭,除了由少量士兵保衛(wèi)的格林納達。像往常一樣,美國能殺多少殺多少。
Senile corrupt Zionist puppet Joe Biden was in charge of promoting the destruction of Iraq in the late 1990s. The decision to destroy Iraq dates back to around 1998.
上世紀90年代末,腐敗的猶太復國主義傀儡喬·拜登負責推動伊拉克的毀滅。摧毀伊拉克的決定可以追溯到1998年左右。
The thing to remember here however is that is what not a fiasco for the weapons industry..... Now their stocks are up since then (911 more precisely) thousands of percent... Wall Street made a killing in monetary terms as the expense of course of dumb US taxpayers, ultra dumb US citizens and of cours at the expense of 5 000 000 innocent muslim civilians murdered by these english speaking zionist neocon nazis.
然而,這里要記住的是,這并不是武器工業(yè)的慘敗……現(xiàn)在他們的股票從那時起(更準確地說是911)上漲了數千個百分點。華爾街在金錢上大賺了一筆,代價當然是愚蠢的美國納稅人,超級愚蠢的美國公民,當然還有500萬無辜的穆斯林平民被這些說英語的猶太復國主義新保守主義納粹殺害。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
The Saudis warned us not to take Saddam down as he was keeping a lid on islamic crazies.
沙特人警告我們不要推翻薩達姆,因為他正在壓制伊斯蘭的瘋狂。
DavidLaidig, Boy, when the Saudis warn US about Islamic crazies, we better listen.
天啊,當沙特警告美國警惕伊斯蘭瘋子時,我們最好聽聽。
Did they found wmd already? Or was this just a terrorist attack to a sovereign country? Well done US of Terrorists!
他們已經找到大規(guī)模殺傷性武器了嗎?還是說這只是一起針對主權國家的恐怖襲擊?美國恐怖分子牛啊!
Well, this is the nice part. The real reason is that Saddam was against the Khazarian Jews in Israel. During the war he even sent a missile into Israel. He was also planning to leave the dollar. Come against the dollar and the Khazarian tribe and you will not be forgiven. The situation in Iraq is NOT A fiasco. What happened to Iraq was the intended outcome as it is for anyone who dares speak against Israel and its "Jewish" population. What was exposed was the lie of this destruction. We were lied to but the Iraqi outcome is just what they plan for Russia and China along with Iran and Syria.
這是最精彩的部分。真正的原因是薩達姆反對以色列的可薩猶太人。戰(zhàn)爭期間,他甚至向以色列發(fā)射了一枚導彈。他還打算放棄美元。來對抗美元和可薩部落,你不會被原諒的。伊拉克的局勢并非慘敗。發(fā)生在伊拉克的事情是有意為之的結果,因為任何人膽敢反對以色列及其“猶太”群體都是如此。暴露出來的是這場毀滅的謊言。我們被騙了,但伊拉克的結果正是他們對俄羅斯、中國、伊朗和敘利亞的計劃。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Wait till its America's turn to get bombed sky high and the world will rejoice .....millions will enlist to fight the devil that is called America... its coming sooner than you think....
等到輪到美國被炸上天的時候,世界將會歡呼…數百萬人將會入伍去對抗被稱為美國的魔鬼…它比你想象的來得還要快。
Haven’t USA caused enough deaths and suffering around the world? When will justice be served? The blood of the innocents is crying out! May those who caused these wars suffer the same, now!!
美國在世界各地造成的死亡和痛苦還不夠多嗎?正義何時才能得到伸張?無辜者的鮮血在哭泣!現(xiàn)在,愿那些發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的人遭受同樣的痛苦!!
Here is the real cause of the Irak war: 1) MONEY-MONEY-MONEY. When the military industrial complex thirst for money, if there's no war, just create one.... 2) OIL-OIL-OIL Before the Iraki war started, the major Oil companies had already decided how they would distribute the bounty.
伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的真正原因是:
1)錢—錢—錢。當軍工復合體渴求金錢的時候,如果沒有戰(zhàn)爭,那就制造一個。
2)石油—石油—石油。在伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭開始之前,主要的石油公司已經決定了他們如何分配這筆賞金。
Afghanistan & Iraq invasions orchestrated by the synagogue of Satan's minions backfired on the US and Americans but not for the Baal worshipers whose fraudulent USURY system is fueled by endless destruction, terrorism, human sacrifice, lies, looting, rapping, and so on.
由撒旦的仆從猶太教堂精心策劃的對阿富汗和伊拉克的入侵,對美國和美國人產生了適得其反的效果,但對太陽神崇拜者來說卻不是,他們的欺詐性高利貸系統(tǒng)是由無休止的破壞、恐怖主義、活人祭祀、謊言、搶劫等等所推動的。