@daemontarg
SS: An Indian state ruled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party on Tuesday presented a bill on personal laws that will apply across religions, including banning polygamy and granting equal inheritance rights to sons and daughters.
The proposed bill in Uttarakhand, a northern state along the Himalayas, is likely to be used as template by several other states ruled by Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) as part of a long-running pledge, despite opposition from some Muslim leaders.
"The Constitution inspires us to seek equality and harmony and the commitment to implement the Uniform Civil Code law will act as a bridge towards that," Uttarakhand's Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami said on X social media before presenting the bill in the assembly amid an uproar by some opposition members.
The bill, reviewed by Reuters, also proposes to increase the legal age of marriage for girls to years, guarantees equal rights to men and women on matters pertaining to divorce and s in ancestral property, and offers full rights to children who were adopted, born out of wedlock or conceived through surrogate births.
A legal expert working on the UCC bill in Uttarakhand said in recent years the majority Hindu community tended to marry off daughters after they turned but Islam's Sharia laws do not restrict the marriage of girls who are minors.
Some tribal communities have been excluded from the new provisions in the bill, which is likely to be easily passed as the BJP enjoys a big majority in the state assembly.
Currently, India's Hindus, Musli..., Christians and large tribal populations follow their own personal laws and customs, or an optional secular code, for marriage, divorce, adoption and inheritance.
Framing a national common law has been one of the three core promises of the BJP, which will be chasing a third straight term in general elections due by May. It has fulfilled the other two: building a fiercely contested grand Hindu temple, and removing the autonomy of the Muslim-majority region of Jammu and Kashmir.
Muslim theologians see the new bill as a threat to Islamic Sharia law and religious practices including polygamy.
"Modi's government is determined to destroy diverse practices," said Kamal Farooqui, a member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board. "UCC is just another proof that they are imposing a majoritarian agenda."

印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪所在的政黨所執(zhí)政的一個邦于周二提出了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于個人法律的法案，該法案將跨越不同宗教適用，其中包括禁止一夫多妻制，并賦予兒子和女兒平等的繼承權(quán)。
這項(xiàng)在喜馬拉雅山脈沿線北部地區(qū)——北阿坎德邦（Uttarakhand）提出的擬議法案，很可能被其他由莫迪領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的印度人民黨（BJP）執(zhí)政的多個邦作為模板采納，盡管遭到一些穆斯林領(lǐng)袖的反對。
“憲法激勵我們追求平等與和諧，而實(shí)施統(tǒng)一民法典的決心將成為通往這一目標(biāo)的橋梁，”北阿坎德邦首席部長普什卡·辛格·達(dá)米在社交媒體X上表示，在提交法案給議會之前，面對部分反對派成員的喧鬧聲，他發(fā)表了這番講話。
路透社審查的該法案還提議將女孩的法定結(jié)婚年齡提高至18歲，確保男女在離婚、繼承祖?zhèn)髫?cái)產(chǎn)等問題上享有平等權(quán)利，并賦予領(lǐng)養(yǎng)子女、非婚生子女以及通過代孕出生的子女全面的權(quán)利。
一位參與北阿坎德邦統(tǒng)一民法典（UCC）法案制定的法律專家表示，近年來，占多數(shù)的印度教社區(qū)傾向于在女兒年滿18歲后為其安排婚姻，但伊斯蘭教沙里亞法并未限制未成年人女孩的婚姻。
新法案中的某些條款將部分部落群體排除在外，鑒于BJP在該邦立法議會中占據(jù)絕對多數(shù)席位，該法案很可能輕松通過。
目前，印度的印度教徒、穆斯林、基督教徒以及眾多部落群體遵循各自的個人法律和習(xí)俗，或者選擇適用世俗統(tǒng)一法，來處理婚姻、離婚、收養(yǎng)和繼承等問題。
制定全國統(tǒng)一普通法一直是BJP的三大核心承諾之一。BJP將在2024年5月前舉行的下屆大選中尋求連續(xù)第三次贏得大選。迄今為止，BJP已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了另外兩個承諾：建設(shè)一座極具爭議性的大型印度教寺廟，并廢除了穆斯林占多數(shù)的查謨和克什米爾地區(qū)的自治地位。
穆斯林神學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)新法案對伊斯蘭教沙里亞法以及包括一夫多妻制在內(nèi)的宗教習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了威脅。
“莫迪政府決心要破壞多元化的實(shí)踐，”全印度穆斯林個人法委員會成員卡馬爾·法魯基說，“統(tǒng)一民法典只是他們強(qiáng)推多數(shù)派議程的又一個證據(jù)?！?br />