為什么日本人和韓國人睡在地板上？
Why do Japanese and Koreans sleep on the floor?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：美國退役海軍飛行員他們不這樣。他們睡在地板上的榻榻米床墊上。我在日本住了3年。他們睡在一種重型泡沫床墊上，這種床墊放在一種稻草墊子上，叫做榻榻米墊子。床墊放在地板上。你絕不會穿著鞋子走進(jìn)榻榻米房間，通常也不會穿拖鞋。整個(gè)房間的地板都是榻榻米墊子......
正文翻譯
Retired US Navy pilot
They don’t. They sleep on a futon mattress that is on the floor.
I lived in Japan for 3 yrs.
They sleep on a futon, a kind of heavy foam mattress, that lies on top of a straw mat, called a tatami mat. The futon is laid on the floor. You never walk into a tatami mat room with your shoes on, and usually without sleepers. The floor of the entire room is a tatmi mat.
It is like the tatami mat is the box springs for a bed, and the futon is the foam mattress.
But they do not use the kind of bed frx and headboard that you see in the US and other Western countries.
And I can say it’s quite comfortable.
美國退役海軍飛行員他們不這樣。他們睡在地板上的榻榻米床墊上。
我在日本住了3年。
他們睡在一種重型泡沫床墊上，這種床墊放在一種稻草墊子上，叫做榻榻米墊子。床墊放在地板上。你絕不會穿著鞋子走進(jìn)榻榻米房間，通常也不會穿拖鞋。整個(gè)房間的地板都是榻榻米墊子。
就像榻榻米墊子是床的彈簧床墊，而床墊是泡沫床墊一樣。
但他們不使用美國和其他西方國家所見的那種床架和床頭板。
我可以說這樣睡覺很舒適。
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They don’t. They sleep on a futon mattress that is on the floor.
I lived in Japan for 3 yrs.
They sleep on a futon, a kind of heavy foam mattress, that lies on top of a straw mat, called a tatami mat. The futon is laid on the floor. You never walk into a tatami mat room with your shoes on, and usually without sleepers. The floor of the entire room is a tatmi mat.
It is like the tatami mat is the box springs for a bed, and the futon is the foam mattress.
But they do not use the kind of bed frx and headboard that you see in the US and other Western countries.
And I can say it’s quite comfortable.
美國退役海軍飛行員他們不這樣。他們睡在地板上的榻榻米床墊上。
我在日本住了3年。
他們睡在一種重型泡沫床墊上，這種床墊放在一種稻草墊子上，叫做榻榻米墊子。床墊放在地板上。你絕不會穿著鞋子走進(jìn)榻榻米房間，通常也不會穿拖鞋。整個(gè)房間的地板都是榻榻米墊子。
就像榻榻米墊子是床的彈簧床墊，而床墊是泡沫床墊一樣。
但他們不使用美國和其他西方國家所見的那種床架和床頭板。
我可以說這樣睡覺很舒適。
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I spent a couple of November weeks in an old farmhouse near Kariuzawa. Frost on the windows. Only the stupid table heater…. But reasonably comfortable on the futon with lots of quilts. Getting up out of the warm bedclothes was hard though. The bath wasn't easy either, it was in a little tin roof annex with no heat whatsoever. Oh yeah, did I mention that the toilet was just a pit? Like an indoor outhouse? Those old-school Japanese farmers were hardcore!
我在輕井澤附近的一座老農(nóng)舍里度過了幾個(gè)11月的星期。窗戶上結(jié)了霜。只有愚蠢的桌面取暖器……但鋪著很多被子的榻榻米還算舒適。不過，從溫暖的被窩里起床確實(shí)很困難。洗澡也不容易，因?yàn)樵∈以谝粋€(gè)沒有任何供暖的小鐵皮屋子里。哦，對了，我提到過廁所只是一個(gè)坑嗎？像一個(gè)室內(nèi)外房一樣？那些老式的日本農(nóng)民真是頑強(qiáng)！
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Doesn't necessarily have to be on tatami though. I lived in japan coincidentally for three years also. Lived in a couple of places and slept on a futon; once on hardwood, once in a loft. For my apartments it was a question of the places being quite small. It was not practical to have a bed in the living room (first place) or the loft which had limited head clearance
不一定非得是榻榻米。碰巧我也在日本住過三年。在幾個(gè)地方住過，睡在了蒲團(tuán)上，有一次是在硬木地板上，還有一次是在閣樓上。對于我的公寓來說，主要是因?yàn)榈胤教?，把床放在客廳（第一個(gè)地方）或者頭頂空間有限的閣樓上不太實(shí)際。
Because the ancient Chinese slept and sat on the ground and developed a whole set of etiquette about this habit, such as kneeling and bowing.
the Japanese and Koreans learned and followed this habit because it was the rule of civilized people .
But after the 9th to 10th centuries AD, the Chinese learned about tables and chairs in their trade with the Arabs.
This kind of high-legged furniture gradually became popular among civilians because it was more convenient (no need to take off shoes) and more hygienic ( Think of the bugs underground), but the Japanese and Koreans didn't change with them, and here's why.
因?yàn)楣糯袊怂X和坐在地上，并發(fā)展了一整套關(guān)于這個(gè)習(xí)慣的禮儀，比如跪拜。
日本人和韓國人學(xué)習(xí)并遵循這種習(xí)慣，因?yàn)檫@是文明人的規(guī)矩。
但在公元9到10世紀(jì)之后，中國人通過與阿拉伯人的貿(mào)易了解到了桌椅。
這種高腿家具逐漸在民間流行起來，因?yàn)樗奖悖ú恍枰撔┖透l(wèi)生（想想地下的蟲子），但日本人和韓國人沒有改變，原因在于此。
I like sleeping on a futon. Every time I come to Japan, I always choose a hotel with Japanese-style rooms to stay. It feels so free.
我喜歡睡在蒲團(tuán)上。每次來日本，我都會選擇有日式房間的酒店。感覺很自由。
I can talk about Japanese customs.
It is understandable if you can consider the perspective in reverse.
Why do Western people sleep on a bed, but not on the floor?
Many would answer, Why would I want to sleep on the floor, it would be filthy!
The idea of “Filthy Floor” does not exist in Japan. Well, it does, but they would clean it to the extent difficult for our eyes to fully complehend the need.
我可以談?wù)勅毡镜牧?xí)俗。
如果你能反過來考慮這個(gè)問題，那就可以理解了。
為什么西方人睡在床上，而不是地板上？
很多人會回答，我為什么要睡在地板上，那會很臟！
日本沒有 "臟地板 "這個(gè)概念。 確實(shí)存在，但他們會把地板打掃得讓我們難以完全理解的程度。
人們應(yīng)該在家里脫鞋。地板被抬高到一定高度，鞋子留在一個(gè)叫做“玄關(guān)”的空間，那里的地面高度與地面齊平，而起居空間的地板則被抬高到一定高度。
你不應(yīng)該把泥土帶進(jìn)屋子里，更準(zhǔn)確地說，不應(yīng)該把泥土帶到凸起的地方。此外，正如我前面提到的，日本人勤于打掃房子，他們會很高興地下樓去擦地板。
通常，起居室和臥室等生活空間鋪有榻榻米，這種地板不像木地板那么硬。足夠舒適坐在上面。它們在夏天感覺涼爽，在冬天提供溫暖。
因此，在榻榻米上放一層被子睡覺是非常合理的。抬高的地板和榻榻米在西方意義上起到了類似于“無墊”的作用。對許多人來說，如果不是全部人，這樣清潔舒適。這些被子在白天被疊起來收好，晚上才被拿出來使用。白天，房間可以作為起居室、客房和游戲室，晚上則變成臥室。
如果你住在一家日式傳統(tǒng)旅館，你可以體驗(yàn)到這種“轉(zhuǎn)變”以非常美妙的方式展現(xiàn)出來。
They are not in the same room. But you can get the idea.
In addition, a layer of a “matless” is sometimes introduced to create a cushioning effect of a “Bed”, depending on the inn.
這兩者并不在同一個(gè)房間。但你可以理解這個(gè)意思。
另外，有時(shí)會增加一層“無墊子”的床墊，以營造出“床”的緩沖效果，這取決于旅館的情況。
Kevin Lim
South Korean here. Almost everything applies to Korea too, with slight changes.
1.“Filthy Floor” does not exist in Korea, cleaned every day.
2.Shoes are left in the space called “??(hyun-gwan)” and sometimes stored in “???(shinbaljang)”. The rest is the same.
3.Typically, the living space and bedroom have a wooden floor. “Isn’t it cold?”, you might ask, but NOT AT ALL. Winter in Korea is much harsher than in Japan, but we have Ondol, floor heating with hot water in every house. They provide you with a warm barefoot in a -15 degree Celcius night. But, it’s still hard, so you put some blankets on the floor and sleep on it. Sometimes, the floor scorches into black, or your back is full of sweat after you sleep. Ondol is that powerful. Thus, no worries.
我是韓國人。幾乎所有的事情在韓國也適用，只是有一些細(xì)微的不同。
1.“臟地板”在韓國也不存在，每天都會清潔。
2.鞋子被放在一個(gè)叫做“??(hyun-gwan)”的空間，有時(shí)也被放在“???(shinbaljang)”里。其他的和日本一樣。
3.通常，起居空間和臥室鋪有木地板?！澳憧赡軙枺遣焕鋯?？”，但一點(diǎn)也不冷。韓國的冬天比日本嚴(yán)酷得多，但我們有“??暖炕(Ondol)”，即在每家每戶都有的熱水地暖系統(tǒng)。它可以在零下15攝氏度的夜晚給你提供溫暖的赤腳感覺。但是，地板還是有點(diǎn)硬，所以你會在地板上鋪些毯子然后睡在上面。有時(shí)候，地板會被燒得發(fā)黑，或者你睡醒后背上全是汗水。暖炕（ondol）就是這么強(qiáng)大。所以，不用擔(dān)心。
Jennifer Hernandez
First of all, in modern Japan, it is very common for people to use beds, and it is because of the design of their homes not making sleeping on the floor as appealing. Now to get to that.
首先，在現(xiàn)代日本，人們使用床非常普遍，這是因?yàn)樗麄兊募揖釉O(shè)計(jì)不讓在地板上睡覺變得有吸引力?，F(xiàn)在說說傳統(tǒng)的日本房屋。
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傳統(tǒng)的日本住宅地板是離地面較高的，而不是建在地面上。作為延伸，它們通常有多層地板。最里面的地板鋪有榻榻米，這是用草制成的墊子，鞋子和臟衣服要在最低層地板或稱為玄關(guān)的地面上脫掉。如果你愿意，這個(gè)內(nèi)部房屋可以被看作是一個(gè)巨大的沙發(fā)，上面放著小床墊或墊子可以移動(dòng)。重型設(shè)備或廚房不會建在這個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)。
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現(xiàn)在，建造另一個(gè)平臺放在這個(gè)平臺上，通常也是在其他平臺上，這不是一個(gè)顯而易見的概念。相反，只需將稱為“被褥”的小床墊放在上面，用于睡覺。
現(xiàn)代日本的房屋和公寓與現(xiàn)代西方的房屋并沒有太大的區(qū)別，所以人們使用床。如果人們喜歡使用被褥，通常在這些房屋中仍然使用較小的平臺，因?yàn)樵谶@種文化中，睡覺甚至坐在地上被認(rèn)為不太合適或不太干凈。
Nelly Guntherson
I have lived here for over 5 years now and most of my friends sleep on beds.
There are a lot of urban myths about life in Japan.
我已經(jīng)在這里住了5年多，我的大多數(shù)朋友都睡在床上。
關(guān)于日本生活有很多城市傳說。
There are older generation Japanese who still like to use Futons and you can see them hung over balconies to air but I would say that's a minority these days.
比如說在日本生活很昂貴，每個(gè)人都住在小房子里，或者每個(gè)星期天公園都會擠滿了模仿貓王的人，旁邊還有穿著洛麗塔裝的女孩。還有一些年長的日本人喜歡使用被褥，你可以看到他們把被褥晾在陽臺上晾曬，但我會說這在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是少數(shù)了。
I cannot speak for Korea as I have only visited a few times and my company always books me into hotels so I don't have any expirence of Korean homes.
如果你住在旅館，你會睡在被褥上，但我從來沒有住過沒有床的酒店。
我無法代表韓國，因?yàn)槲抑蝗ミ^幾次，我的公司總是給我預(yù)訂酒店，所以我沒有韓國家庭的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
Not that all Koreans and Japanese still do that, but to remind you, it is not any worse than sleeping on the old type spring-wire beds which the West used for centuries.
Traditionally floor beds were very common in many Asian cultures from Japan to Anatolia, and its first requirement is cleanliness. That is the first reason all those cultures traditionally don’t walk inside the house with their shoes, even though they don’t sleep on the floor any more. Especially in the Korean and Japanese case, as long as the floors are heated and perfectly clean, there is no reason not to sleep on the floor. It is considered orthopedically more healthy, especially compared to these older spring beds, which were basically a hammock weaved of metal wires:
并不是所有的韓國人和日本人現(xiàn)在都這樣做，但是需要提醒你的是，這和西方幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來使用的舊式彈簧床相比，并沒有任何更糟的地方。
傳統(tǒng)上，在從日本到安納托利亞等許多亞洲文化中，地板床非常普遍，其第一要求是干凈。這就是為什么所有這些文化傳統(tǒng)上不會穿著鞋子在屋內(nèi)走動(dòng)，即使他們不再在地板上睡覺。特別是在韓國和日本的情況下，只要地板受熱且完全清潔，就沒有理由不在地板上睡覺。從整體健康角度來看，這被認(rèn)為在骨科方面更為有益，特別是與那些基本上是由金屬絲編織而成的老式彈簧床相比，后者基本上是一個(gè)吊床：
A wool or cotton mattress would be placed on this wire mesh, instead of the floor, so that it could be more “flexible”. But as a result, it would sag in the middle (hence your heaviest part) and you would be sleeping in a sunken concave, which is not good for your back, or hips, or any part of your body at all. So, until the new mattress types with independent springs or visco structures were developed, it was known to be the healthiest to sleep on a solid, flat surface with a thin mattress.
在這個(gè)金屬絲網(wǎng)上會放置一個(gè)羊毛或棉花床墊，而不是地板，以使其更加“靈活”。但是結(jié)果是，它會在中間下陷（因此你的最重要部分），你會睡在一個(gè)凹陷的凹形中，這對你的背部、臀部或身體的任何部位都不好。因此，在開發(fā)出具有獨(dú)立彈簧或粘彈結(jié)構(gòu)的新型床墊之前，睡在堅(jiān)實(shí)、平整的表面上，配以薄床墊被認(rèn)為是最健康的方式。
順便說一下，它叫蒲團(tuán)。它最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是便攜性。在世界上許多農(nóng)村文化中，大家庭住在有限的空間里，房間是多用途的。從日本到安納托利亞的文化都是相似的。夜幕降臨時(shí)，把蒲團(tuán)鋪開，一家人睡覺，早晨把它們疊起來，同一個(gè)房間可以用作客廳，吃早餐，或?qū)W習(xí)等。就像這樣:
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Of course it is not always that way any more. In the modern times, instead of ditching the Futon culture, it was instead evolved into this humble graciousness you can see in the above photo. It is a big influence in interior design now. Floor beds also became more popular in other parts of the world. They can either be stylish like the one above. But it is also part of the “boheme” lifestyle such as the Berlin culture. It was once very popular to put the mattress on the floor, or on a layer of wooden palettes, as an “attitude”.
當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)代并不總是這樣。在現(xiàn)代，與其放棄榻榻米文化，人們將其演變成了你在上面照片中可以看到的謙遜優(yōu)雅之風(fēng)。這對室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。地板床在世界其他地區(qū)也變得更加流行。它們可以像上面那樣時(shí)尚。但它也是“波西米亞”生活方式的一部分，比如柏林文化。曾經(jīng)非常流行將床墊放在地板上，或者放在一層木托盤上，作為一種“態(tài)度”。
簡約、謙遜、功能性和極簡主義是日本和韓國文化的重要方面。這影響了整個(gè)世界在現(xiàn)代主義時(shí)代的極簡主義、未來主義、實(shí)用主義運(yùn)動(dòng)，甚至可以稱之為“啟蒙”。因?yàn)閬喼尬幕谶@一過程中起到了重要的催化劑作用，西方文化正努力擺脫古典主義和教條主義的束縛和約束。
It is very convenient to sleep on the floor on tatami mats. My father who is 97 years old almost died when he fell out of his bed and severely injured his head. That never happens when you sleep on the floor. It also makes you agile because you have to get up from the floor several times a day. That alone is a great exercise.
Finally, if you sleep with more than one lady at a time everything becomes much easier with the added space.
睡在地板上的榻榻米上很方便。我97歲的父親從床上摔下來，頭部嚴(yán)重受傷，差點(diǎn)喪命。睡在地板上是不會有這種情況的。這也讓你變得敏捷，因?yàn)槟忝刻於家獜牡匕迳险酒饋砗脦状?。這本身就是一個(gè)很好的練習(xí)。
最后，如果你一次和不止一個(gè)女人睡覺，那么空間會讓一切變得容易得多。
Because you can’t fall off the floor. If they slept on the ceiling, it would be perilous.
An even better question: why do Westerners take ip so much valuable living space with beds, which are only in use 1/3rd of the time? What a total waste of space.
因?yàn)槟悴荒軓牡匕迳系粝聛?。如果他們睡在天花板上，那就很危險(xiǎn)了。
一個(gè)更好的問題是:為什么西方人要把這么多寶貴的生活空間用在只有三分之一時(shí)間在使用的床上?真是浪費(fèi)空間。
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Sleeping on the floor does have some health benefits, that’s for sure. However, many elderly people find it is impossible to get up from the floor because of their size and obesity. A bed helps in this matter.
睡在地板上確實(shí)有一些健康益處，這是肯定的。然而，許多老年人發(fā)現(xiàn)由于體型和肥胖的原因，他們無法從地板上起身。床在這方面有所幫助。
In a traditional Japanese house, the entire floor is about one to two feet above the ground, and shoes are removed upon climbing to the floor, unlike in the West, where people live in outdoor shoes. Most rooms used as bedrooms have tatami mats, and futons, foldable bedding, are placed on top of the tatami mats at bedtime.
在傳統(tǒng)的日本房屋中，整個(gè)地面高出地面約一到兩英尺，爬到地板上時(shí)需要脫鞋，不像在西方，人們穿著戶外鞋在室內(nèi)活動(dòng)。大多數(shù)用作臥室的房間鋪有榻榻米，晚上會在榻榻米上放置可折疊的床墊。
Easy. To use space big. Sleep on bed, your bed is your bed, sleep on floor, the whole floor. Ditto for chairs. Furnitures only make you a macarthur - island hopping, from one to another. Why limit freedom by making new needs?
簡單來說，為了利用空間大。睡在床上，你的床就是你的床，睡在地板上，整個(gè)地板就是你的床。椅子也一樣。家具只會讓你像麥克阿瑟一樣進(jìn)行島嶼跳躍，從一個(gè)到另一個(gè)。為什么要通過制造新需求來限制自由呢？
I don't know about Korea, but Japanese people sleep on tatami beds instead of on the floor. The high entrances of old houses are a remnant of those times, and the Japanese custom of taking off your shoes at the entrance came from this, as the entrance was directly connected to the bedroom.
我不清楚韓國，但日本人睡在榻榻米床上，而不是在地板上。古老房屋的高門廊是那個(gè)時(shí)代的遺留物，脫鞋的日本風(fēng)俗就是源自于此，因?yàn)槿肟谥苯油ㄍP室。
Korean winter climate is harshly cold. People in Korean Buyeo and Goguryeo kingdom invented floor heating way which is called as ondol. So, the tradition had been established. But these days many Korean sleep on a bed. About Japan, I don't know.
When we use floor and blanket, cleaning is done just cleaning floor and washing blankets. It is better for keeping cleaning state of a room. Washing blankets and drying toward shining sun is thorough and cheap way to cleaning and sterilization, and can be done in much shorter interval.
韓國的冬季氣候非常寒冷。在高麗扶余和高句麗時(shí)期，人們發(fā)明了地暖方式，被稱為暖炕（ondol）。所以，這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)確立了。但是最近很多韓國人睡在床上。關(guān)于日本，我不知道。
當(dāng)我們使用地板和毯子時(shí)，清潔只是清潔地板和洗毯子。它更有利于保持房間的清潔狀態(tài)。對著陽光洗毯子和晾曬是徹底和廉價(jià)的清潔和消毒方法，而且可以在更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。
Like many have said above, its a deeply cultural thing but a person annecdote i wanted to share os that I find sleeping on a futon even here in america to just be comfortable. It s a 4in thick futon and its just thick enough and on a sturdy enough surface that my back has never felt better.I was nervous about being uncomfortanle but when i got my futon i practically melted. My room has so much more space during the day, i feel like i get better rest because im comfortable. Obviously its not for everyone but i think more people here in america should give it a shot.
就像上面許多人說的，這是一種深層的文化事物，但我想分享一個(gè)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，即使在美國，我發(fā)現(xiàn)睡在榻榻米上是非常舒適的。我的榻榻米墊子有4英寸厚，足夠厚，在堅(jiān)固的表面上，我的背從未感覺過更好。我曾擔(dān)心會不舒服，但當(dāng)我得到我的榻榻米時(shí)，我?guī)缀趸癁橐黄p松。白天我的房間有更多的空間，我覺得我睡得更好，因?yàn)槲液苁娣ｏ@然，這并不適合每個(gè)人，但我認(rèn)為更多的美國人應(yīng)該嘗試一下。