你對(duì)印度的種姓制度有什么看法?

Louis Stevens
The caste system in India is a social hierarchy that has been in place for centuries.
It is based on the principle of birth, and people are born into a certain caste and are expected to follow the rules and rituals associated with that caste.
The system is deeply entrenched in Indian society, and it can be difficult to break out of one's assigned caste.
I believe that the caste system should be abolished, as it creates division and inequality among people.
It is outdated and does not reflect the modern world we live in.

種姓制度在印度是一種社會(huì)等級(jí)制度，已經(jīng)存在了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。
它基于出生的原則，人們出生在一個(gè)特定的種姓，并被期望遵守與該種姓相關(guān)的規(guī)則和儀式。
在印度社會(huì),這個(gè)體系根深蒂固， 人們很難擺脫自己被分配的種姓。我認(rèn)為種姓制度應(yīng)該被廢除，因?yàn)樗谌藗冎g制造了分裂和不平等。它已經(jīng)過時(shí)，不能反映我們所生活的現(xiàn)代世界。

Nikhil Anand
Casteism is a boon in Indian society and only reason why our country has not developed even after so many years of Independence. These days some people have started saying that “I belong to general category and I don't believe in casteism”. What rubbish is this!! If you seriously don't believe in casteism then remove your caste based surname (Sharma, Mishra , Gupta, Srivastava etc..) The truth is that casteism is in the veins of Indian people. Same caste people supporting each other and insulting people from lower castes. Even Brahmins have subcastes.. They also have hierarchy.. Here people shamelessly ask for your caste and if you tell them that you belong to some lower caste, they make bad faces and then distant themselves from you (I am telling you this based on my own experiences). Situation is worse in government departments. A forth grade employee will not greet you after knowing your lower caste.. even if you are a class one officer. Some people say that “Reservation is the reason of casteism” .. I want to ask them “ if reservation is removed, then.. will every Brahmin stop saying that he is a Brahmin??” Same applies for every people from higher caste. These people boast about their castes and think that they are superior just because they took birth as a Brahmin, Kshatriya etc. Reservation means some seats are reserved for deprived people. Generally in exams, people from depressed community are provided with lower marks in interview no matter they have scored well in written examination” if there were no reservation they will cast out all the people from SC/ST/OBC community giving them less marks in interview. People from certain community become “Pujaris” .. They earn money in the name of Shaadi, pooja, mundan etc.. they earn money even from a person's death .. asking for performing Pooja otherwise the deceased soul will not get peace!!!! What rubbish is this??? Such a huge reservation for such people in temples and other Hindu rituals. These thugs scare many illiterate people saying that “Grih Dasha” is not perfect and Rob them in the name of performing Pooja for pacifying “Grih Dasha”. If casteism has to be removed from our country, then caste based surnames and asking for caste should be criminalized.. if there is God somewhere, he/she didn't make caste system. God can't discriminate people. Only certain people have created this evil and tortured many people for thousand years. I am not “only” against caste based discrimination… I am against “caste system”.. why are you Brahmin.. Kshatriya.. Vaishya.. Shudra.. ?? Why even after so many years of technological development and now.. when we live in this age of science.. why people say that I am Sharma…Mishra.. etc.. even educated people do that.. I hope one day.. people will understand.. that categorising people is not a correct thing.. we all are humans.. we all are same.. we all deserve the same respect as a person.. and any barrier that creates difference is not good..

種姓制度是印度社會(huì)的福音，也是我們國家在獨(dú)立這么多年后仍然沒有發(fā)展的唯一原因。如今有些人開始說“我屬于普通人，我不信仰種姓主義”。這是多么荒謬的言論！如果你真的不信仰種姓主義，那就請(qǐng)去掉你基于種姓的姓氏（如夏爾馬、米什拉、古普塔、斯里瓦斯塔瓦等）。事實(shí)上，種姓主義已經(jīng)深入印度人的骨髓。同種姓的人相互支持，卻侮辱低種姓的人。即使是婆羅門也有自己的亞種姓，他們之間也有等級(jí)制度。在這里，人們會(huì)毫不羞恥地詢問你的種姓，如果你告訴他們你屬于某個(gè)低種姓，他們會(huì)露出不悅的表情，然后與你保持距離（我是基于自己的親身經(jīng)歷這么說的）。在政府部門，情況更糟。一個(gè)四等職員在得知你的低種姓后，甚至不會(huì)向你打招呼——哪怕你是一位一級(jí)官員。有些人說“預(yù)留制是種姓制度產(chǎn)生的原因”。我想問他們，“如果取消了預(yù)留制度，那么每個(gè)婆羅門都會(huì)停止自稱婆羅門嗎？”這同樣適用于其他高種姓的人。這些人夸耀自己的種姓，認(rèn)為自己高人一等，僅僅因?yàn)樗麄兩鷣砭褪瞧帕_門、剎帝利等。預(yù)留制度意味著為弱勢(shì)群體保留一些席位。通常在考試中，來自被壓迫社區(qū)的人在面試時(shí)，無論他們筆試成績(jī)?nèi)绾?，都?huì)被給予較低的分?jǐn)?shù)。如果沒有預(yù)留制度，他們?cè)诿嬖囍袝?huì)給所有預(yù)定種姓/預(yù)定部落/其他落后階層群體的人打低分，將他們排除在外。某些社群的人擔(dān)任起了“祭司”的角色。他們以婚禮、祈禱儀式、兒童剃頭禮（Mundan）等宗教活動(dòng)為名來賺錢。他們甚至在人們?nèi)ナ罆r(shí)也賺錢，要求家屬為他們進(jìn)行的祈禱儀式付費(fèi)，聲稱如果不這樣做，逝者的靈魂將無法得到安息。這是多么的荒謬！在寺廟和其他印度教儀式中為這些人預(yù)留了如此巨大的空間。這些惡棍通過聲稱“家庭運(yùn)勢(shì)”不佳來嚇唬許多不識(shí)字的人，并以舉行祈禱儀式來安撫“家庭運(yùn)勢(shì)”為借口，從而騙取他們的錢財(cái)。如果種姓主義要從我們國家消除，那么基于種姓的姓氏和詢問種姓的行為應(yīng)該被定為犯罪。如果真有上帝存在，他/她是不會(huì)創(chuàng)造種姓制度的。上帝不會(huì)歧視人。只是某些人創(chuàng)造了這種邪惡制度，并在數(shù)千年來折磨了許多人。我不僅反對(duì)基于種姓的歧視，我還反對(duì)“種姓制度”本身。為什么你是婆羅門、剎帝利、吠舍、首陀羅？即使在技術(shù)發(fā)展多年后的今天，當(dāng)我們生活在科學(xué)的時(shí)代，為什么人們?nèi)匀徽f我是夏爾馬、米什拉等，即使是受過教育的人也這樣做？我希望有一天，人們會(huì)明白，將人們分類是不正確的做法。我們都是人類，我們都是一樣的，我們都應(yīng)得到同樣的尊重，任何創(chuàng)造差異的障礙都是不受歡迎的。

Bongo Bani
We are the middle castes.
We neither have that caste pride like the Brahmins or kshatriyas because we don't have anything great to boast nor are we constantly opposing the caste system and the Upper caste “oppression “ like the so called lower castes or Dalits.
We fall in general category but I have got a seat in a satisfactory college so I don't have much to complain either.
It doesn't really “exist” for us because it is not influencing us and we aren't even trying to keep it in front of us like the upper and lower castes.
The lower castes cry about oppression and the upper castes cry about reservation. We do too but I empathise with the lower castes and sympathise for the upper castes. I fall in middle ground.(emphasise on the words “sympathise" and “empathise" and the difference)
There are so called dalits who are very anti Hindu and call Hinduism “evil" because of caste system.They also tease the savarnas. I obxt to this hate because I cannot leave Hinduism nor my lord Krishna. Yet I also see how “dalit “,”chamar “ are literally considered slangs and people condemn if somebody calls them so. They say they are oppressed because of the unjust constitution yet many of them own ancestral properties in different parts of India while most tribes and dalits don't.
It doesn't exist for me because it is not influencing me yet it is something which does really influence the system or at least appears to for many.

我們是中等種姓的人。
我們沒有像婆羅門或剎帝利那樣的種姓自豪感，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有什么值得夸耀的，也不會(huì)像所謂的低種姓或達(dá)利特那樣不斷反對(duì)種姓制度和高種姓的“壓迫”。
我們被歸為普通類別，但我在一所令人滿意的大學(xué)獲得了一席之地，所以我沒有什么可抱怨的。
對(duì)我們來說，種姓制度并不真正“存在”，因?yàn)樗]有影響我們的生活，我們也不像上層和下層種姓那樣總是把它放在面前。
低種姓的人抱怨受到壓迫，而高種姓的人抱怨預(yù)留制度。我們也有同樣的感覺，但我對(duì)低種姓的人表示同情，對(duì)高種姓的人表示理解，我處于中間立場(chǎng)。（請(qǐng)注意“同情”和“理解”這兩個(gè)詞及其含義上的差異）
有所謂的達(dá)利特，他們非常反印度教，因?yàn)榉N姓制度而稱印度教為“邪惡”，他們也嘲笑婆羅門。我反對(duì)這種仇恨，因?yàn)槲也荒芊艞売《冉?，也不能放棄我的主克里希納。然而，我也看到“達(dá)利特”、“查馬爾”實(shí)際上被視為侮辱性的詞匯，如果有人這樣稱呼他們，人們會(huì)感到憤怒。他們聲稱自己因?yàn)椴还膽椃ǘ艿綁浩?，然而他們中的許多人在印度各地?fù)碛凶鎮(zhèn)鞯呢?cái)產(chǎn)，而大多數(shù)部落和達(dá)利特卻沒有祖?zhèn)鞯呢?cái)產(chǎn)。
對(duì)我來說，種姓制度并不存在，因?yàn)樗⒉挥绊懳遥_實(shí)影響了整個(gè)體制，至少對(duì)很多人來說是這樣。

Sampada
My opinion on caste system is based on the type of experiences I had in 20 years of my life.
This also means that my answer is not based on Hindu scxtures but modern day Hindus and their approach to caste system.
There have been several incidents of caste discrimination in my life which hits my conscience very hard.
I feel suffocated and helpless when my own family mocks the dialect, way of draping Saarees , way of cooking certain traditional dishes and so many other things practiced by non-brahmin communities.
It tears my heart when I think of the maid who was stopped by my mother from serving food to the Hindu priests who had come to do annual Pooja in our house.
My 13 year old self in secondary school was asked the “surname" before even asking my name to confirm that I belonged to a certain caste.
I realised that despite having a better rank in Goa talent search exam than all my classmates I am not eligible for scholarship.
I knew there is something about our surnames which is totally f*cking us all at times.

我對(duì)種姓制度的看法是基于我20年的人生經(jīng)歷。這也意味著我的答案不是基于印度教經(jīng)文，而是基于現(xiàn)代印度教徒和他們對(duì)種姓制度的態(tài)度。我生活中多次遭遇種姓歧視，這些經(jīng)歷深深觸動(dòng)了我的內(nèi)心。
當(dāng)家人嘲笑社群的方言、穿著莎麗的方式、烹飪某些傳統(tǒng)菜肴的方法和非婆羅門社區(qū)很多其它習(xí)俗時(shí)，我感到窒息和無助。每當(dāng)我想起那個(gè)女仆，她被我母親攔住，不讓她給每年來我們家做普祭的印度祭司上菜，我的心就會(huì)流淚。
在我13歲的中學(xué)時(shí)期，人們甚至在問我的名字之前，就會(huì)先問我的“姓氏”，以此來確認(rèn)我屬于哪個(gè)種姓。我意識(shí)到，盡管我在果阿邦的人才選拔考試中排名比我所有的同學(xué)都高，但我卻因?yàn)樾帐系脑蚨鴽]有資格獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。我明白了，有時(shí)候正是我們的姓氏在某些時(shí)刻給我們帶來了極大的困擾。

“Bhayle lok"( in konkani) which translates to “outside people" is a degenerate term used by people of my community to describe the non- Brahmin communities of Goa.
I have witnessed dramatic events wherein my several of cousins were disowned after their marriage to someone out of community.
Even though there is no physical violence due to such marraiges , the emotional trauma is enough to traumatize one's soul.
The girl of my age who hailed from forested area came to work in fields near our house.
I heard she was forcefully married to the someone of her tribe caste as she dared to fall in love with non-tribal person.

“Bhayle lok”（在孔卡尼語中意為“外來者”）是我家所在社區(qū)用來貶低果阿州非婆羅門群體的貶義詞。
我親眼目睹了多起戲劇性的事件，我的幾位表親在與社區(qū)外的人結(jié)婚后被家族除名。盡管這種婚姻沒有遭受身體上的暴力，但情感上的傷害足以給人留下深刻的創(chuàng)傷。我聽說，一位和我年齡相仿的女孩，因?yàn)閻凵狭艘粋€(gè)非部落成員，而被強(qiáng)行嫁給了自己部落種姓的某人，她從森林地區(qū)來到我們家附近的田地里工作。

I got to know that there are two types of catholic feasts occuring in my region at the same holy occasion —
One for “bamon" catholics and other high caste catholics.
Other for for lower catholic castes.
There have been several instants on quora where scholarly people have tried to explain to me that how caste system is a systematic distribution of people in various classes based on their karma without discrimination.
But my point is that the caste system has lost its original purpose, it has led to a deeply dividing ideology in our veins unfavourable for today's society.
Also pardon me, if this appears to be a rant coz quora is the only place I can speak about such topics..

我還了解到，在我所在地區(qū)，甚至在同一宗教節(jié)日，也會(huì)有兩種天主教的慶祝活動(dòng)——一種是為“白人”天主教徒和高種姓天主教徒舉辦的，另一種是為低種姓天主教徒舉辦的。
在Quora上，有多位學(xué)者試圖向我解釋，種姓制度是如何根據(jù)人們的業(yè)力，將人們系統(tǒng)地分配到不同的階級(jí)中，而不涉及歧視。但我的看法是，種姓制度已經(jīng)失去了它最初的意義，它已經(jīng)成為了我們社會(huì)中一種根深蒂固的分裂性意識(shí)形態(tài)，對(duì)我們今天的社會(huì)是不利的。如果我的也請(qǐng)?jiān)徫遥绻@看起來像是在咆哮，因?yàn)閝uora是我唯一可以談?wù)撨@些話題的地方。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Ankit Anand
The caste system in India sucks all those belongs to Hindu society irrespective of their caste. I am writing this view according to the present modern society. Mostly innocent couples are crushed by this in case both are from a different caste. From my perspective is completely a hypothetical thing and also have no importance in modern society. Politicians want to keep the caste system alive as they are benefited by this because they get tonnes of votes by doing nothing.
For upper caste or general, it effects by the pain of reservation. I mean caste system is the creator of the reservation. think if there are no castes in Hinduism. Will, it leads to the caste-based reservation? Not!

在我看來，印度的種姓制度對(duì)印度教社會(huì)的所有成員都是有害的，無論他們屬于哪個(gè)種姓。我根據(jù)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的現(xiàn)狀來表達(dá)我的觀點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)無辜的夫婦因?yàn)榉N姓不同而受到打擊。在我看來，這完全是虛構(gòu)的，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)沒有任何意義。政治家們希望維持種姓制度，因?yàn)樗麄兡芡ㄟ^這種方式獲得大量選票，而他們實(shí)際上并沒有做出任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的貢獻(xiàn)。
對(duì)于上層種姓或普通種姓的人來說，他們受到的影響是預(yù)留制度帶來的痛苦。我的意思是，種姓制度是預(yù)留制度的根源。試想一下，如果印度教中沒有種姓之分，還會(huì)有基于種姓的預(yù)留制度嗎？不會(huì)！

For OBC people, it effects by lowering their status in front of upper caste people by doing nothing wrong. Yeah! It might surprise you if you are reading this answer from the USA or the UK.
For SC/ST it effects most. Because they have been tortured and humiliated for 5000 years because of this. It might happen in like you are not allowed to take water from well. You may not be allowed to eat with upper caste people.
There are tonnes of things that I can bring in this answer. But I worried it might feel tired to read such a big answer like me.
Lastly, I can say the caste system is Poisonous having nothing good.
Some people may ask me then what is the solution to this problem. The answer is Inter-Caste marriage.

對(duì)于其他落后階層（OBC）的人來說，他們的影響是，在沒有做錯(cuò)任何事的情況下，他們?cè)谏蠈臃N姓的人面前的地位被降低了。這可能會(huì)讓你感到驚訝，尤其是如果你正在美國或英國閱讀這個(gè)答案的話。
對(duì)于預(yù)定種姓/預(yù)定部落的人來說，他們受到的影響最大。因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)因?yàn)檫@個(gè)制度被折磨和羞辱了5000年。你可能不被允許從井里取水，可能不被允許和上層種姓的人一起吃飯。
我可以舉出很多這樣的例子，但我擔(dān)心這么長(zhǎng)的答案可能會(huì)讓讀者感到疲倦。
最后，我想說的是，種姓制度是有害的，沒有任何好處。有些人可能會(huì)問我，那么解決這個(gè)問題的辦法是什么，答案是跨種姓婚姻。

Achyuth Hegde
Greetings. Since the question demands my opinion about the Caste System, I want to clear it out that the answer that I have is purely based on my experience and analysis, which is open for criticism, acceptance, appreciation and disagreement.
The way I have looked/look upon the rigidities and complexities of our Hindu culture, I don’t probably think or believe anyone would have any sort of unacceptance regarding it, mainly because of the ‘reasoning’ that convinces the significance of every act and thought of our great culture. We have always been told that the ancient India was far more ahead of times in terms of every aspect. The Indus valley civilization during centuries before Christ, Highly intricate and sophisticated architecture, Philosophies, Texts, etc. indicates that there existed brilliant, rational, and wise people, who were far ahead of their time. If it is so, then obviously there would not be any sort of inequalities prevailing in the society that would hinder the coexistence of diverse set of people and their community.
A lot of ancient texts and scxtures does mention about the inequalities and discrimination taking place during contemporary times then, however the reference or the origin from which the practices started matters more when we talk about the negative inferences of the caste system. The thought I consider more or follow more is from Bhagavad Geeta, which says

大家好,鑒于問題要求我談?wù)剬?duì)種姓制度的看法，我想先說明，我的回答完全基于我個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和分析，我歡迎任何形式的批評(píng)、接受、贊賞或不同意。
我對(duì)印度教文化中的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定和復(fù)雜性有著自己的看法，我并不認(rèn)為有人會(huì)對(duì)它持有不接受的態(tài)度。這主要是因?yàn)槲覀儌ゴ蟮奈幕忻恳粋€(gè)行為和思想背后都有其“合理性”。我們總是被告知，古代印度在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于時(shí)代。在公元前的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，印度河流域文明就展現(xiàn)了高度復(fù)雜和精細(xì)的建筑藝術(shù)、哲學(xué)思想和文獻(xiàn)記載，這些都表明了古代印度有著智慧、理性且思想超前的人。如果真是這樣，那么社會(huì)上顯然不應(yīng)該存在任何不平等的現(xiàn)象，阻礙不同群體和他們社區(qū)的和諧共存。
許多古代文獻(xiàn)確實(shí)記錄了當(dāng)時(shí)存在的不平等和歧視，但當(dāng)我們討論種姓制度的負(fù)面影響時(shí)，更應(yīng)關(guān)注的是這些做法的起源。我個(gè)人更傾向于《薄伽梵歌》中的觀點(diǎn)，其中提到：

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and it translates to
“According to the three modes of material nature and the work ascribed to them, the four divisions of human society were created by Me. And, although I am the creator of this system, you should know that I am yet the non-doer, being unchangeable.”
Thus the Supreme being himself has mentioned in his verse that the divisions of social order were created based on the work and not on the birth. Brahmanas, having intellectual traits, being wise, calm, knowledgeable having the societal obligation of spreading knowledge; Kshatriyas, Those who fought for the their territories or were the guards of royal families or kings; Vaishyas, being the mercantile class mainly involved in trade, business, etc; And Shudras, as peasants, artisans, ‘Givers of grain’ as they are called in ancient texts.
Hence the notable thing in this piece of information is that; Your varna comes from Guna and Karma. Apart from the work assigned, the individual behavior with the involved thought process in them also was considered in categorizing people in different social orders.

“根據(jù)物質(zhì)世界的三種性質(zhì)和相應(yīng)的職責(zé)，我創(chuàng)造了人類社會(huì)的四個(gè)階層。盡管我是這個(gè)體系的創(chuàng)立者，但你應(yīng)當(dāng)知道，我本身是不參與其中的，因?yàn)槲沂怯篮悴蛔兊??！?br /> 這段話的意思是，社會(huì)階層的劃分是基于工作屬性，而非基于出生。婆羅門擁有智慧，他們冷靜、有知識(shí)，肩負(fù)著傳播知識(shí)的社會(huì)責(zé)任；剎帝利是戰(zhàn)士，他們保衛(wèi)領(lǐng)土或擔(dān)任王室的護(hù)衛(wèi)；吠舍屬于商人階層，主要參與貿(mào)易和商業(yè)活動(dòng)；而首陀羅則是農(nóng)民和工匠，他們?cè)诠糯墨I(xiàn)中被稱為“糧食的給予者”。
因此，這段信息的核心要點(diǎn)在于：一個(gè)人的種姓是由其天生的品質(zhì)和個(gè)人的行為決定的。在劃分人們所屬的不同社會(huì)階層時(shí)，不僅考慮了分配給他們的工作，還包括了個(gè)人的行為和他們的思維過程。