The Nobel Prizes are international prizes established in 1901 in accordance with the will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel to honor individuals or organizations that have made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace (and, since 1969, economics), among others. Awarded annually, the Nobel Prize is considered one of the most prestigious prizes in the world.
To win a Nobel Prize, there are usually several steps and conditions that need to be met:

諾貝爾獎是根據(jù)瑞典化學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾(Alfred Nobel)的遺愿于1901年設(shè)立的國際獎項,用于表彰在物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)、文學(xué)、和平(自1969年起還增加了經(jīng)濟學(xué))等領(lǐng)域中做出杰出貢獻的人士或組織。每年頒發(fā)一次,諾貝爾獎被認為是全球最具聲望的獎項之一。
要獲得諾貝爾獎,通常需要滿足以下幾個步驟和條件:

Outstanding contributions:
Physics, chemistry, physiology, or medicine: These are scientific fields in which groundbreaking, groundbreaking, or extremely important research is required.
Literature: requires excellence in literary creation, such as novels, poems, plays, etc., usually works that have a profound impact on human culture.
Peace: The need to make a significant contribution to promoting world peace, perhaps through diplomacy, human rights work, conflict resolution, or other related efforts.
Economics (Prize established by the Swedish National Bank in memory of Alfred Nobel) : for important innovations and contributions in economic theory, practice or application.

卓越的貢獻:
物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué):在這些科學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)需要做出具有突破性、開創(chuàng)性或極其重要的研究成果。
文學(xué):需要在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作方面有卓越的表現(xiàn),如小說、詩歌、戲劇等,通常是對人類文化有深遠影響的作品。
和平:需要為促進世界和平做出重大貢獻,可能是通過外交、人權(quán)工作、解決沖突或其他相關(guān)努力。
經(jīng)濟學(xué)(瑞典國家銀行設(shè)立的紀念阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的獎項):在經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論、實踐或應(yīng)用方面有重要的創(chuàng)新和貢獻。

Nominated:
Candidates for the Nobel Prize must be nominated by an authorized person or organization. These nominees are often experts in their fields, university professors, past laureates, members of Congress and members of specific international organizations, among others.
The nomination process is strictly confidential and the list of nominees is not made public until 50 years before the awards are presented.

提名:
諾貝爾獎候選人必須由被授權(quán)的個人或組織提名。這些提名者通常是各領(lǐng)域的專家、大學(xué)教授、過去的獲獎?wù)?、國會議員和特定國際組織的成員等。
提名過程是嚴格保密的,提名名單在獎項頒發(fā)前50年都不會公開。

Judging:
The nominated candidates are reviewed by the Nobel Committees in each field. These committees are made up of experts in the relevant fields who conduct in-depth reviews and discussions of the candidates' contributions.
The committee ultimately recommends the winner to the awarding body (e.g., the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Norwegian Nobel Committee, etc.).

評選:
提名后的候選人由各領(lǐng)域的諾貝爾委員會進行評審。這些委員會由相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專家組成,他們會對候選人的貢獻進行深入的審查和討論。
委員會最終會向頒獎機構(gòu)(如瑞典皇家科學(xué)院、瑞典文學(xué)院、挪威諾貝爾委員會等)推薦獲獎?wù)摺?/b>

Announcements and awards:
Every year in October, the winners of the Nobel Prize are announced. The award ceremonies are usually held in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway, on December 10 (the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death).
Winning the Nobel Prize requires not only extraordinary contributions in a certain field, but also wide recognition and nomination by peers and society. This process requires both excellent professional ability and long-term persistence and accumulation.

公布和頒獎:
每年的10月,諾貝爾獎的獲獎?wù)呙麊螘还?。頒獎儀式通常在12月10日(阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的忌日)在瑞典斯德哥爾摩和挪威奧斯陸舉行。
獲得諾貝爾獎不僅需要在某一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)做出非凡的貢獻,還需要得到同行和社會的廣泛認可和提名。這個過程既需要卓越的專業(yè)能力,也需要長時間的堅持和積累。

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