為什么中國人和日本人不使用刀叉進餐？
Why don't Chinese and Japanese eat with knife and fork?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：筷子更為優(yōu)雅。他們將食物提前切好，這樣你就不用試圖用叉子切一大塊牛排，然后再用叉子吃。反而，可以直接拿起一口大小的食物。我尊重這種做法。
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I asked this same question to my Chinese colleagues while I was working a month in Beijing. I think the quick answe I got was hilarious.
“Because it's uncivilized.”
My colleague answered without think about what he said, but then he looked at my surprised face and we both started laughing. It's as if he in that moment realized that the answer he normally gave to that question was quite dismissive of other cultures.
For one thing, he mentioned that knives shouldn't be on the table, as they are weapons. Sounded a bit like an afterthought.
我在北京工作了一個月，向我的中國同事問過同樣的問題。我得到的快速回答很有趣。
"因為這是不文明的。"
我的同事回答時并沒有考慮自己說了什么，但當他看到我吃驚的表情時，我們倆都笑了起來。就好像他那一刻意識到，他通常給出的答案對其他文化來說是相當輕視的。
他提到刀子不應該放在餐桌上，因為它們是武器。聽起來有點像事后想到的。
Devin Michael Roberts
Chopsticks are more graceful. They precut everything so you arent trying to cut a huge steak and somehow eat it with the fork. Instead just swoop in for bite size pieces. I respect that
筷子更為優(yōu)雅。他們將食物提前切好，這樣你就不用試圖用叉子切一大塊牛排，然后再用叉子吃。反而，可以直接拿起一口大小的食物。我尊重這種做法。
Kenzo Variant
What it means is, to serve guest or anyone dining, meat or anything else should be served in small pieces.
To serve meat as a whole to ancient Chinese looks uncultured and it is also rude to your guest in asking them to cut the meat himself at dining table. Guest should be served well, no effort should be required from him.
這意味著，對待客人或任何用餐的人，肉類或其他食物應該被切成小塊。在古代中國人看來，將整塊肉端上餐桌是不文明的，也是對客人的無禮之舉，因為這意味著讓客人自己動手切肉。應該妥善招待客人，他們不需要費力。
Because it seems like a savage thing to do, to have a giant piece of meat (sometimes dripping with blood) on a plate, requiring a knife to cut.
You can usually serve the function of 2–3 different utensils with one pair of chopsticks (better than a spork!).
Wooden chopsticks are more pleasing to the mouth than metal.
Chopsticks take a lot less real estate to store.
…And in a pinch, you can even use chopsticks as a hair accessory. Just kidding. Don’t do that. But they are more versatile. (I do own lots of knives and forks. If you go to a steak restaurant in Japan, they would give you a knife.)
因為在盤子上放著一大塊肉（有時還滴著血），需要用刀來切割，這似乎是一種粗野的做法。一雙筷子通常可以替代2-3種不同的餐具（比叉勺更好?。?。木質筷子比金屬筷子更讓人口感愉悅?？曜有枰拇鎯臻g更少。...而且在緊急情況下，你甚至可以把筷子當作發(fā)飾。開個玩笑。別這樣做。但它們更加多功能。（我確實有很多刀叉。如果你去日本的牛排餐廳，他們會給你一把刀。）
I never thought of this till i had a kid and he turned one. I was like “wait…this isnt right” when we are all cutting the cake and he is playing around there…i noticed this thing is more like a machete, just sitting there against the cake if someone wants more. Everyone in my family always did that, as long as i can remember. Somehow no one ever got shanked
直到我有了一個一歲的孩子，我才意識到這一點。當我們都在切蛋糕的時候，他在那里玩耍時，我突然想到，“等等...這不對?！蔽易⒁獾竭@種情況更像是一把砍刀，只要有人想要更多蛋糕，它就靠在那里。在我記憶中，我家里的每個人都是這樣做的。不知何故，從來沒有人被刺傷。
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Many of the customs people follow in various parts of the world have evolved over a period of time: people eating with hands, chopsticks and knife and fork. None to my mind can be claimed to be inferior or superior. The process employed has more to do with the food consumed, the ease with which it can be consumed and the tools used.
I live in the UK but having come from India I prefer to use my hands, when I eat Indian food. In March, when we were on our holiday in Japan, I used chopsticks to eat. After an initial struggle, I learned to use chopsticks well and really enjoyed the experience.
世界各地的許多習俗都是經(jīng)過長期演變的：人們用手、筷子和刀叉吃飯。我認為沒有哪一種可以聲稱自己優(yōu)越或劣質。所采用的方式更多地與食物本身、食用的方便程度以及所使用的工具有關。
我住在英國，但來自印度，吃印度食物時我更喜歡用手。今年三月，我們在日本度假時，我用筷子吃飯。起初有點吃力，我學會了用筷子，并且非常享受這次體驗。
This backs up to a curious and wonderful detail. Forks were not used in Europe before the 12th-13th century - Europeans could eat what was on their tables with knives and spoons. Then came the noodle, into Norman Sicily by way of Arabs. Oh dear, milady, I don’t know how you’d handle that. Wait: here comes a genius tinker with a multipronged device: it works with the spoon! Or so I’ve heard.
這引申出一個奇妙而有趣的細節(jié)。在12-13世紀之前，歐洲人并不使用叉子——他們用刀和勺子吃飯。然后到了面條，通過阿拉伯人傳入諾曼西西里。哎呀，夫人，我不知道您會如何應對這個情況。等等：有個天才工匠帶來了一種多齒設備：它可以配合勺子使用！至少我是這么聽說的。
Metal chopsticks are ubiquitous in South Korea and not rare in Shanghai or Beijing. They're considered healthier because they are easy to clean and there are concerns with the chemical treatments to the wood n wooden chopsticks.
金屬筷子在韓國隨處可見，在上?；虮本┮膊缓币?。它們被認為更加健康，因為易于清潔，而木制筷子則存在化學處理問題。
But metal chopsticks are slippery. It would be too heavy if made short, or too slender to grasp if made long/thick enough to be comfort. I prefer wood chopsticks.
但金屬筷子很容易打滑。如果做得太短，會太重；如果做得太長或太粗，就不容易拿穩(wěn)。我更喜歡木制筷子。
I'm not sure what utensils chopsticks could serve the purpose of that a for couldn't. They can be used to pick up food, and used to stir food. Both of which a fork can also do.
I'm not sure about all countries but many I've been to use metal chopsticks in sit down restaurants.
Can't disagree they are easy to store.
This isn't to say chopsticks are bad and don't have a use I just feel they aren't better than fork and knife. Just good for different things. I could eat ramyeon, KBBQ, sushi, etc. with fork and knife but it would definitely be harder. I'd rather use chopsticks for that and the same goes for fork and knife I'm not going to try to eat rice, steak, sausages, etc. with chopsticks.
我不確定筷子能夠起到叉子不能起到的作用。它們可以用來夾食物，也可以用來攪拌食物。而叉子也可以做到這兩點。
我不確定所有國家都使用金屬筷子，但我去過的許多國家的坐下用餐的餐館都使用金屬筷子。
不能否認的是金屬筷子易于存放。
這并不是說筷子不好，也沒有用處，我只是覺得它們并不比叉子和刀更好。它們只是用于不同的事情。我可以用叉子和刀吃拉面、烤肉、壽司等，但那肯定會更困難。對于這些食物，我寧愿使用筷子，同樣的道理也適用于叉子和刀，我不會嘗試用筷子吃米飯、牛排、香腸等。
The use of chopsticks in Chinese and Japanese cuisine is deeply rooted in the history and culture of these countries. The tradition of using chopsticks in China dates back thousands of years, and they have become an integral part of Chinese dining culture. Similarly, in Japan, chopsticks have been used for centuries and are considered essential utensils for eating.
在中國和日本的烹飪中使用筷子的習俗深深扎根于這些國家的歷史和文化之中。在中國，使用筷子的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到數(shù)千年前，它們已經(jīng)成為中國餐飲文化中不可或缺的一部分。同樣，在日本，筷子已經(jīng)被使用了幾個世紀，被視為用餐的必備器皿。
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在中國和日本的烹飪中，筷子比刀叉更受青睞有幾個原因：
Practicality: Chopsticks are versatile utensils that can be used for a wide variety of foods, including rice, noodles, vegetables, and meat. They are especially well-suited for picking up small and slippery items, such as grains of rice or slices of fish. The design of chopsticks also allows for more delicate handling of food compared to knives and forks.
歷史和文化原因：筷子在中國和日本被使用已有數(shù)千年的歷史，早在刀叉被引入這些國家之前就已經(jīng)存在。因此，筷子已經(jīng)深深融入了這些國家的烹飪傳統(tǒng)和文化習俗之中。
實用性：筷子是多功能的餐具，可以用于吃各種食物，包括米飯、面條、蔬菜和肉類。它們尤其適合夾取小巧而容易打滑的食物，比如米?；螋~片。與刀叉相比，筷子的設計也使得更加細致地處理食物成為可能。
Health benefits: Using chopsticks requires more fine motor skills and dexterity than using a knife and fork, which can help improve hand-eye coordination and promote mindful eating. Additionally, some studies suggest that eating with chopsticks may help with portion control and slower eating, which can contribute to better digestion and overall health.
象征意義：在中國和日本文化中，筷子通常被視為團結和和諧的象征。用筷子從共享的菜肴中取食物可以促進用餐者之間的團結感和親近感。
健康益處：使用筷子需要比使用刀叉更多的精細動作技能和靈活性，這有助于改善手眼協(xié)調能力，促進思考用餐。此外，一些研究表明，使用筷子進餐可能有助于控制食量和減緩進食速度，這有助于更好地消化和保持整體健康。
雖然在中國和日本的某些場合，如西式餐飲或正式宴會時會使用刀叉，但在這些國家的日常餐飲中，筷子仍然是首選的餐具。最終，中國和日本餐飲中對筷子的偏愛反映了這些國家豐富的文化傳統(tǒng)和烹飪傳統(tǒng)。
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More than 2500 years ago, Confucius said 君子遠庖廚, a civilized man/gentleman stays away from the kitchen. He also said, 食不厭精，膾不厭細, nobody will be annoyed by refined food, and nobody will be annoyed by finely cut meat. Meat or food in general should be prepared into bite size pieces before being presented on the table. People can then pick up the food with chopsticks or spoons. I am not sure which one came first, spoon or chopsticks.
更多于2500年前，孔子說過“君子遠庖廚”，即有教養(yǎng)的人要遠離廚房。他還說過“食不厭精，膾不厭細”，意為精致的食物和切得很細的肉不會讓人厭煩。肉或者食物一般都應該在擺上餐桌之前切成一口大小的塊，然后人們可以用筷子或勺子取食。我不確定是哪個先出現(xiàn)的，是勺子還是筷子。
Using knives to cut your food when it is already on the table were also considered being rude and hostile to your guests, because knives are weapons too.
就個人而言，我認為這部分原因是因為中國社會在3000年前已經(jīng)有了高度專業(yè)化的勞動力。屠夫和廚師專門負責食品制作過程，因此上層和中產(chǎn)階級的公民能夠負擔得起精心準備的飯菜。上層階級甚至可能選擇以這種方式進餐，以進一步區(qū)別于下層階級。
當餐桌上已經(jīng)擺上食物時使用刀具切割食物也被認為是對客人的一種無禮和敵對行為，因為刀也是武器。
Today we eat in the restaurant, perhaps a question: why Chinese people eat with a table and chopsticks, and westerners use knives and forks? From the application of this tableware can see what kind of historical and cultural background of China and the West?
今天我們在餐館用餐，也許會有這樣一個問題：為什么中國人用餐桌和筷子，而西方人使用刀和叉？從這些餐具的應用中可以看出中國和西方的歷史文化背景各自是什么樣的？
First of all tell you, at the very beginning, our Chinese ancestors also used knives and forks, not chopsticks! what? Chinese ancestors is the beginning of a knife and fork? Yes, you are not mistaken, knife and fork is invented by our Chinese. Now the world's first bone knife tableware is found in China's Hemudu site in Zhejiang, dating back 7000 years. We can think about it. Neolithic people are basically living a rough life, and the best tool to deal with meat and meat is, of course, a knife. Therefore, the wise ancient Chinese knife was first applied to the diet.Only then, people used to call the knife on the table dagger. Modern dagger originally produced when used actually for the diet. Take a look at the bronze dagger unearthed below, it has two practical functions: First, equivalent to a spoon, the second is equivalent to a knife.
首先告訴大家，最開始的時候，我們中國人的祖先用的是刀叉，而不是筷子！什么？中國人的祖先最開始是用刀叉的嗎？
是的，你沒有搞錯，刀叉是由我們中國人發(fā)明的?，F(xiàn)在世界上發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一件骨制刀叉餐具是在浙江的河姆渡遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，可以追溯到7000年前。我們可以思考一下。新石器時代的人們基本上過著粗糙的生活，處理肉類和食物的最好工具當然是刀。因此，聰明的古代中國人最初將刀應用于飲食中。只有那時，人們習慣將餐桌上的刀稱為匕首?，F(xiàn)代匕首最初生產(chǎn)時實際上是用于進餐。看看下面出土的青銅匕首，它有兩個實用功能：第一，相當于勺子，第二，相當于刀。
In Pre-Qin time, the "dagger" is actually evolved from the knife, and later, with the development of food culture, the two functions separated, forming a knife and spoon. Later, "dagger" only represents the spoon, this word has also been extended to the ancient food, delicious. We have so far described the deceased mother as "妣", Oracle "妣" is "dagger", on behalf of the mother to cook.Tableware knife is the oldest in the history of human tableware, then there is the tableware fork. In our country northwest Qijia cultural sites found some bone fork, at least 4000 years ago. They were unearthed together, indicating that it was a complete set.
在先秦時期，"匕首"實際上是從刀演變而來，后來隨著食文化的發(fā)展，這兩種功能分開，形成了刀和勺。后來，"匕首"只代表勺子，這個詞也被延伸到古代美食。迄今為止，我們描述已故母親為"妣"，甲骨文中的"妣"就是"匕首"，代表母親烹飪。刀具是人類歷史上最古老的餐具，接著才有了餐具叉。在我國西北部的齊家文化遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些骨制叉子，至少可以追溯到4000年前。它們一起被出土，表明它們是一套完整的餐具。
To the Shang Dynasty, the fork into two teeth, but also compact. It was the same as the spoon and the bone knife, indicating that the fork, spoon and knife were three pieces at a time. Some sites in our Shang Dynasty, there are also unearthed utensils in tombs,
到了商代，叉子變成了兩個齒，也更加緊湊。與勺子和骨刀一樣，它們一度成為同時期的三大餐具。在我們的商代一些遺址中，也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些墓葬中出土的餐具，都表明商代的刀叉是人們主要使用的餐具。
02.
So when the Chinese started using chopsticks it?In our country JAC East Longzhuang unearthed 42 bone 箸, as well as unearthed in Qinghai bone 箸, dating back 7000 years. But one is found in small quantities, can not be regarded as the utensils commonplace at that time in China. Moreover, according to our common sense of life, chopsticks are two sticks, who knows when people also take it for any other purpose.The earliest chopsticks in China are found in the No. 1005 Yin Ruins Anyang six bronze head. This is for meal. Therefore, the academic circles think chopsticks are used in the Shang Dynasty.
After slowly replacing the knife and fork, to the Warring States period the chopsticks became the mainstream of the table, since we Chinese people began using the chopsticks on a large scale, and the knife and fork into the kitchen, it is difficult to board the elegant hall.
之后慢慢取代了刀叉，到了戰(zhàn)國時期筷子成為了餐桌的主流，自從我們中國人開始大規(guī)模使用筷子，而刀叉進入廚房，就很難登上高雅的殿堂。
Tiffany Cheng
Chinese started to eat with chopsticks since roughly over 2000 years ago. At first chopsticks were used as cooking, stirring the fire, serving or seizing bits of food, and not as eating utensils. Then, during the Han dynasty period, the Chinese began to use chopsticks for eating. During the Ming dynasty, chopsticks came into normal use for both serving and eating.
One factor that contributed to this switch was a population boom across the country. Consequently, resources, particularly for cooking, became incredibly scarce. As a result, people began cutting their food into tiny pieces so it would cook faster.
大約在2000多年前，中國人開始使用筷子進食。最初，筷子被用作烹飪、攪拌火、盛放或夾取食物的工具，而不是用作餐具。后來，漢代時期，中國人開始使用筷子進食。明代時，筷子成為了常規(guī)的用餐工具。
導致這種轉變的一個因素是全國人口的激增。因此，資源尤其是用于烹飪的資源變得極為稀缺。因此，人們開始將食物切成小塊，以便更快地烹飪。
The Japanese adopted certain Chinese cultural aspects, so they also adopted chopstick as an eating utensils.
中國人使用筷子進食的另一個原因是儒家思想的影響。儒家思想認為使用叉子和刀子進食是不可接受的，因為叉子和刀子是用來戰(zhàn)斗的，而不是用來吃飯的。戰(zhàn)斗用具不應該被用來進食。日本人采納了某些中國文化方面，因此他們也將筷子作為餐具采納了過來。