為什么中國的月球探測器嫦娥六號花了20天才從月球背面返回地球，而幾十年前的阿波羅11號只用了5天？
Why did it take China's lunar probe Chang'e 6 20 days to return to Earth from the far side of the moon, while decades ago Apollo 11 only took 5 days?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：值得注意的是，蘇聯(lián)的采樣返回任務(wù)花費(fèi)的時間更短：月球-24 號僅用3天就返回。因此，不同的飛行時間是可能的。然而，嫦娥一號返回地球只用了4.5天，而不是20天。缺失的15.5天是在升空后繞月飛行的時間。
正文翻譯
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Aya Shawn
Different orbits!
Apollo spacecraft:
There are astronauts on board, and the spacecraft must run a life support system.
The Apollo spacecraft has limited electricity, oxygen, food, and water, which cannot withstand long-term consumption, and must complete the mission in the shortest time.
They chose a radical flight route:
They used the most powerful and expensive super rocket in human history, Saturn V
The Apollo spacecraft hardly used the gravitational slingshot effect, and was even reluctant to circle the earth one more time. Instead, it accelerated at full speed. When returning to the earth, they set off from the lunar orbit and directly entered the Earth-Moon transfer orbit. When the spacecraft was captured by the earth, it directly slowed down and landed.
Advantages: simple and direct, saving time
Disadvantages: requires super rockets and large engines, a lot of fuel, high flight control risks, and low safety redundancy.
不同的軌道！
阿波羅飛船：
飛船上有宇航員，并且必須運(yùn)行生命維持系統(tǒng)。
阿波羅飛船的電力、氧氣、食物、水都有限，經(jīng)不起長期消耗，而且必須在最短的時間內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。
他們選擇了一條激進(jìn)的飛行路線：
他們使用了人類歷史上最強(qiáng)大、最昂貴的超級火箭——土星五號
阿波羅飛船幾乎沒用引力彈弓效應(yīng)，甚至不愿意再繞地球一圈，而是全速加速，返回地球時從月球軌道出發(fā)，直接進(jìn)入地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道，當(dāng)飛船被地球捕獲時，直接減速降落。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：簡單直接，節(jié)省時間
缺點(diǎn)：需要超級火箭和大型發(fā)動機(jī)，需要大量燃料，飛行控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高，安全冗余度低。
Aya Shawn
Different orbits!
Apollo spacecraft:
There are astronauts on board, and the spacecraft must run a life support system.
The Apollo spacecraft has limited electricity, oxygen, food, and water, which cannot withstand long-term consumption, and must complete the mission in the shortest time.
They chose a radical flight route:
They used the most powerful and expensive super rocket in human history, Saturn V
The Apollo spacecraft hardly used the gravitational slingshot effect, and was even reluctant to circle the earth one more time. Instead, it accelerated at full speed. When returning to the earth, they set off from the lunar orbit and directly entered the Earth-Moon transfer orbit. When the spacecraft was captured by the earth, it directly slowed down and landed.
Advantages: simple and direct, saving time
Disadvantages: requires super rockets and large engines, a lot of fuel, high flight control risks, and low safety redundancy.
不同的軌道！
阿波羅飛船：
飛船上有宇航員，并且必須運(yùn)行生命維持系統(tǒng)。
阿波羅飛船的電力、氧氣、食物、水都有限，經(jīng)不起長期消耗，而且必須在最短的時間內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。
他們選擇了一條激進(jìn)的飛行路線：
他們使用了人類歷史上最強(qiáng)大、最昂貴的超級火箭——土星五號
阿波羅飛船幾乎沒用引力彈弓效應(yīng)，甚至不愿意再繞地球一圈，而是全速加速，返回地球時從月球軌道出發(fā)，直接進(jìn)入地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道，當(dāng)飛船被地球捕獲時，直接減速降落。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：簡單直接，節(jié)省時間
缺點(diǎn)：需要超級火箭和大型發(fā)動機(jī)，需要大量燃料，飛行控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高，安全冗余度低。
Chang'e probe:
It is an unmanned spacecraft that does not require any life support system. Solar panels provide it with almost unlimited endurance. It has plenty of time to slowly complete the mission.
They chose an economical and conservative flight route:
They did not even use the full version of the CZ5 rocket, but only a small thrust version to make full use of the gravitational slingshot effect. Whether going to the moon or returning to the earth, they first fly around the planet, using the slingshot effect to accelerate, save fuel to the greatest extent, and adjust the orbit carefully and gradually.
When returning to the earth's orbit, they also slow down four times and gradually adjust the orbital height, repeatedly orbiting the earth, and finally cut into the earth's orbit at a very small angle and return.
Advantages: low cost, no need for particularly large rockets and engines, and no need to consume too much fuel. The orbit can be adjusted multiple times, with low control risk and high safety redundancy.
Disadvantages: slow speed
嫦娥探測器：
它是一艘無人航天器，不需要任何生命支持系統(tǒng)，太陽能電池板為它提供了幾乎無限的續(xù)航能力，它有充足的時間慢慢完成任務(wù)。
他們選擇了一條經(jīng)濟(jì)保守的飛行路線：
他們甚至沒有使用全尺寸版的長征5火箭，只使用了小推力版本，充分利用引力彈弓效應(yīng)。無論是前往月球還是返回地球，都先繞行星飛行，利用引力效應(yīng)加速，最大程度節(jié)省燃料，并小心謹(jǐn)慎地逐步調(diào)整軌道。
在返回地球軌道時，它們也經(jīng)過四次減速并逐步調(diào)整軌道高度，反復(fù)繞地球運(yùn)行，最后以很小的角度切入地球軌道返回。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：成本低，不需要特別大的火箭和發(fā)動機(jī)，也不需要消耗太多燃料。可多次調(diào)整軌道，操控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低，安全冗余度高。
缺點(diǎn)：速度慢
It is an unmanned spacecraft that does not require any life support system. Solar panels provide it with almost unlimited endurance. It has plenty of time to slowly complete the mission.
They chose an economical and conservative flight route:
They did not even use the full version of the CZ5 rocket, but only a small thrust version to make full use of the gravitational slingshot effect. Whether going to the moon or returning to the earth, they first fly around the planet, using the slingshot effect to accelerate, save fuel to the greatest extent, and adjust the orbit carefully and gradually.
When returning to the earth's orbit, they also slow down four times and gradually adjust the orbital height, repeatedly orbiting the earth, and finally cut into the earth's orbit at a very small angle and return.
Advantages: low cost, no need for particularly large rockets and engines, and no need to consume too much fuel. The orbit can be adjusted multiple times, with low control risk and high safety redundancy.
Disadvantages: slow speed
嫦娥探測器：
它是一艘無人航天器，不需要任何生命支持系統(tǒng)，太陽能電池板為它提供了幾乎無限的續(xù)航能力，它有充足的時間慢慢完成任務(wù)。
他們選擇了一條經(jīng)濟(jì)保守的飛行路線：
他們甚至沒有使用全尺寸版的長征5火箭，只使用了小推力版本，充分利用引力彈弓效應(yīng)。無論是前往月球還是返回地球，都先繞行星飛行，利用引力效應(yīng)加速，最大程度節(jié)省燃料，并小心謹(jǐn)慎地逐步調(diào)整軌道。
在返回地球軌道時，它們也經(jīng)過四次減速并逐步調(diào)整軌道高度，反復(fù)繞地球運(yùn)行，最后以很小的角度切入地球軌道返回。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：成本低，不需要特別大的火箭和發(fā)動機(jī)，也不需要消耗太多燃料。可多次調(diào)整軌道，操控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低，安全冗余度高。
缺點(diǎn)：速度慢
The rockets used in the two missions have huge differences in size and cost
The Apollo program took place in the 1970s, when the United States and the Soviet unx engaged in a fierce space race. Various plans spared no expense and cost more than $25 billion (equivalent to more than $180 billion today)
China's moon landing plan took place in recent years. Space plans of various countries are very concerned about reducing costs. China's lunar exploration plan has a budget of $200 million.
Different mission demands determine that they choose different plans.
兩次任務(wù)使用的火箭在尺寸和成本上存在巨大差異
阿波羅計(jì)劃發(fā)生在 20 世紀(jì) 70年代，當(dāng)時美國和蘇聯(lián)展開了激烈的太空競賽。各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不惜重金，耗資超過250億美元（相當(dāng)于今天的 1800 多億美元）
中國的登月計(jì)劃是近幾年的事情，各國的航天計(jì)劃都非常注重降低成本，中國的探月計(jì)劃預(yù)算2億美元。
不同的任務(wù)需求決定了他們選擇不同的方案。
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The Apollo program took place in the 1970s, when the United States and the Soviet unx engaged in a fierce space race. Various plans spared no expense and cost more than $25 billion (equivalent to more than $180 billion today)
China's moon landing plan took place in recent years. Space plans of various countries are very concerned about reducing costs. China's lunar exploration plan has a budget of $200 million.
Different mission demands determine that they choose different plans.
兩次任務(wù)使用的火箭在尺寸和成本上存在巨大差異
阿波羅計(jì)劃發(fā)生在 20 世紀(jì) 70年代，當(dāng)時美國和蘇聯(lián)展開了激烈的太空競賽。各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不惜重金，耗資超過250億美元（相當(dāng)于今天的 1800 多億美元）
中國的登月計(jì)劃是近幾年的事情，各國的航天計(jì)劃都非常注重降低成本，中國的探月計(jì)劃預(yù)算2億美元。
不同的任務(wù)需求決定了他們選擇不同的方案。
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$25 billion in 1970 would be about $200 billion today.
1970年的250億美元相當(dāng)于今天的2000億美元。
For comparison, the US military aid for Ukraine so far till date is 175 billion US dollars
作為對比，美國到目前為止對烏克蘭的軍事援助是1750億美元。
You are very knowledgeable, but this does not apply to Chang'e 6, which also used a fast orbit, left lunar orbit on June 21 and landed on Earth on June 25.
你非常有知識，但這不適用于嫦娥六號，它也使用了快速軌道，于6月21日離開月球軌道，并于6月25日降落在地球上。
Thank you for the clarification …
感謝你的澄清……
Hollywood is located in the United States.
好萊塢位于美國境內(nèi)。
One crucial matter must be answered before talking about the time or days of returning from Moon, which is whether anyone has been landed on Moon decades ago.
在討論從月球返回的時間或天數(shù)之前，必須回答一個關(guān)鍵問題，那就是幾十年前是否有人登上過月球。
Sigh…
嘆氣……
No, the moon landings very clearly happened. On the other hand, some people struggle with research, literacy, or mental health.
Their learning or mental issues have nothing to do with 12 people visiting the moon between 1969–72.
不，月球著陸非常明確地發(fā)生了。另一方面，有些人在研究、讀寫能力或心理健康方面的問題。
他們的學(xué)習(xí)或心理問題與1969年至1972年間12人登上月球無關(guān)。
As seen from the footage of the first landing on the Moon footage of the moon landing I cannot see any star on the sky of the Moon. Since there is no atmosphere nor cloud, the stars can be soon without difficulty. Besides, the angle of the shadow for certain obxts were never changed, thus, controversially speaking, the footage was likely made at movie studio. On top of the aforesaid, astronauts of the missions dared not to swear they have been landed on the Moon.
從第一次登月的視頻來看，我在月球的天空中看不到任何星星。由于沒有大氣層和云層，星星應(yīng)該很容易看到。此外，某些物體的陰影角度從未改變，因此，有爭議地說，這段視頻可能是在電影工作室制作的。除此之外，任務(wù)中的宇航員不敢發(fā)誓他們登上了月球。
If the KGB believed the USA landed men on the moon then the USA landed men on the moon.
The KGB did not have any files saying it did not happen.
如果克格勃相信美國登上了月球，那么美國確實(shí)登上了月球。
克格勃沒有任何文件說這件事沒有發(fā)生。
I worked on sets for 20 years. I shot specialty photography for years. I produced television shows for 14 years. Please believe me, you don’t have a single clue what you’re talking about. That’s not “controversial speaking,” just solid fact.
A starfield is 23 stops dimmer than the sunlit lunar surface. The film used on the Apollo program had a dynamic range of 6 stops. The video camera probably had less dynamic range. A modern cinema camera has a dynamic range of 15 stops.
When you photograph the moon, you have to choose if you want a proper exposure of the sunlit lunar surface without stars, or a photo with stars in it, and an overexposed sunlit lunar surface.
“the angle of the shadow for certain obxts were never changed”
Yeah, the Apollo 11 EVA lasted 2.5 hours. A single daylight period on the moon is 14 earth days long. I’m not sure why you’d expect the shadows to change over 0.5% of a day. The shadows certainly change over the course of the J missions photography, but they stayed up to 1/5th of a lunar day.
“astronauts of the missions dared not to swear they have been landed on the Moon”
Alan Bean, Eugene Cernan, and Edgar Mitchell all swore on a bible that they landed on the moon. Do you admit that the moon landings were real based on that?
Bart Sibrel is a liar. If you’d bothered to watch raw video of the Apollo missions, you’d be able to sort that out really quickly.
You should be smart enough to not be taken in by a dishonest liar.
我在片場工作了20年。我拍攝了多年的特種攝影。我制作了14年的電視節(jié)目。請相信我，你完全不知道自己在說什么。這不是“有爭議的言論”，只是確鑿的事實(shí)。
星空比陽光照射的月球表面暗23擋。阿波羅計(jì)劃使用的膠片動態(tài)范圍為6擋。視頻攝像機(jī)的動態(tài)范圍可能更小?，F(xiàn)代電影攝像機(jī)的動態(tài)范圍為15擋。
當(dāng)你拍攝月球時，你必須選擇是要正確曝光的陽光照射的月球表面沒有星星，還是拍攝有星星的照片和曝光過度的陽光照射的月球表面。
“某些物體的陰影角度從未改變”
是的，阿波羅11號的艙外活動持續(xù)了2.5小時。月球上的單個白晝期為14個地球日。我不確定你為什么會期望陰影在一天的0.5％時間內(nèi)發(fā)生變化。陰影在J任務(wù)的攝影過程中肯定會發(fā)生變化，但它們會持續(xù)到月球日的1/5。
“任務(wù)中的宇航員不敢發(fā)誓他們登上了月球”
艾倫·比恩、尤金·塞爾南和埃德加·米切爾都在圣經(jīng)上發(fā)誓他們登上了月球。你會承認(rèn)月球著陸是真實(shí)的嗎？
巴特·西布雷爾是個騙子。如果你看過阿波羅任務(wù)的原始視頻，你會很快弄清楚這一點(diǎn)。
你應(yīng)該足夠聰明，不要被不誠實(shí)的騙子騙了。
I applaud you for explaining precisely why Tigar’s “evidence” against the moon landing(s) are all faulty. Another such “evidence” that I’ve seen online is why the US flag planted by the astronauts seems to wave in the wind when the Moon has no atmosphere? Well, this was debunked by Mythbusters where they shook a flag in a vacuum chamber; the absence of air resistance caused the flag to flutter as if there were a breeze.
我為你精確解釋了Tigar反對月球著陸的“證據(jù)”為什么都是錯誤的而喝彩。我在網(wǎng)上看到的另一個這樣的“證據(jù)”是，為什么宇航員插在月球上的美國國旗在月球沒有大氣層的情況下似乎在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)？好吧，神話破除者通過在真空室中搖動國旗揭穿了這一點(diǎn)；空氣阻力的缺失導(dǎo)致國旗像有微風(fēng)一樣飄動。
Americans want to Return to the Moon to prove that they did not lie to the World, that they are still the winner of the Space Race. Soon we shall know the Truth. Elon Musk would probably be the best person to work with. But Musk is quite honest about technology. He's open and straight talking
美國人想要重返月球，以證明他們沒有欺騙世界，他們?nèi)匀皇翘崭傎惖内A家。我們很快就會知道真相。埃隆·馬斯克可能是最適合合作的人。但馬斯克對技術(shù)非常誠實(shí)。他是個直言不諱的人。
Small correction. The multiple laps around the earth are not gravitational Slingshots. These are multiple perigee burns to raise the apogee to the moon with a small engine burning only when it is most effective.
slingshot effect is only applicable with 2 gravitational bodies. if the moon was used as your second body then it would not be there on the next orbit.
小小的更正。圍繞地球的多圈并不是重力彈弓。這是通過多次近地點(diǎn)燃燒以將遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)提升到月球上，使用小型發(fā)動機(jī)僅在最有效時燃燒。
彈弓效應(yīng)僅適用于兩個引力體。如果月球被用作你的第二個引力體，那么它在下一個軌道上就不會在那里。
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Any method that uses the gravity of a celestial body to accelerate or decelerate is called a gravitational slingshot. This does not require two gravitational bodies.
任何利用天體引力加速或減速的做法都叫做引力彈弓，這不需要2個引力體
Great Lesson on Aeronautics and Space flight, thank you.
關(guān)于航空和太空飛行的偉大課程，謝謝你。
The Apollo landings are all faked, filmed in a Hollywood studio.
阿波羅登月都是假的，在好萊塢工作室拍攝的。
Any rocket to put stuff on the moon and back will be of the big ass type. But not as big, I grant that.
任何把東西送到月球并帶回來的火箭都會是大型火箭。但不會那么大，我承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。
Sheesh. It’s a baby compared to a Saturn V. It looks like you could power it off a couple of class E engines.
天吶。相比土星五號，它只是個小家伙?？雌饋砟憧梢杂脦着_E級發(fā)動機(jī)來驅(qū)動它。
Speaking of, the Lego Ideas set was a very fun build.
說到這個，樂高創(chuàng)意套裝是一個非常有趣的拼裝。
I haven’t decided if I want the Lego Icons Artemis SLS.
我還沒決定是否要買樂高Icons系列的阿耳忒彌斯SLS。
I’ve got the Apollo. That’ll do for spacecraft.
我已經(jīng)有了阿波羅。這就夠了。
Saturn V: 110m x 10m
Long March 5: 63m x 5
土星五號：110米x10米
長征五號：63米x5米
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That’s why—as awesome as manned space travel is—unmanned probes are better for most of it.
這就是為什么盡管載人太空旅行很棒，但大部分任務(wù)還是無人探測器更好。
I remember visiting Cape Canaveral many years ago, walking around a Saturn V rocket. Those thing were huge and nearly all of it was fuel.
我記得很多年前參觀卡納維拉爾角，繞著一枚土星五號火箭走。那些東西非常巨大，幾乎全都是燃料。
“medium honking rocket“ snicker.
“中型火箭”笑聲。
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Lol luv it
哈哈 喜歡它
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There were actually 9 Manned missions to the moon, even if they didn’t land. Apollo 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, all requiring pretty much the same requirements as landing on the moon.
實(shí)際上有9次載人登月任務(wù)，即使它們沒有著陸。阿波羅8號、10號、11號、12號、13號、14號、15號、16號和17號，這些任務(wù)的要求幾乎和登月一樣。
Simply put, Chang’e wasn’t in a hurry, while the Apollo missions (there were six of them) were. Oh, and it took Apollo 11 three days to get home, not five.
So what’s the difference? Well, the guys inside.
Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins very much wanted to come home alive, and since there was a limited supply of oxygen, CO2 scrubber canister, water and food, they wanted to get home before it ran out. That means that you need fuel for blasting people from the Moon to the Earth as quickly as possible.
So you have to bring all that fuel to the Moon, and that means that you need a big honking rocket to lift all that fuel – as well as the astronauts and all their food, oxygen, CO2 scrubber canisters etc. But that is okay, if you can pay for it – which they could since it was a national prestige project to get to the moon before that decade is out and to beat the Soviets.
So they built a big honking rocket with the fuel to send the entire mission to the Moon and back in a week, with a day on the surface for planting flags and picking up rocks and dirt and stuff.
Chang’e has no such restrictions. It can take its time and make the journey back home in a more economic and leisurely pace, since nobody will die of oxygen depravasion, malnourishment or boredom.
That also means that you don’t have to put as much fuel onboard the return craft, which means that you don’t have to lift as much fuel to the Moon. And since it doesn’t have any astronauts, you don’t need space for them plus food, oxygen, water, scrubbers etc. You can also make the journey to the Moon much slower too, so you need less fuel to go to the Moon.
In short, since you don’t stuff crew in Chang’e, you can go slow and light. So you don’t need an expensive big honking rocket, but can make do with a less expensive medium honking rocket.
簡單來說，嫦娥并不著急，而阿波羅任務(wù)（一共有六次）卻著急。哦，阿波羅11號花了三天時間才回到地球，而不是五天。
那么有什么區(qū)別呢？嗯，就是里面的人。
阿姆斯特朗、奧爾德林和柯林斯非常想活著回家，而且由于氧氣、二氧化碳凈化罐、水和食物供應(yīng)有限，他們想在耗盡之前回家。這意味著你需要燃料，以便盡快將人們從月球送回地球。
所以你必須把所有燃料帶到月球，這意味著你需要一枚巨大的火箭來運(yùn)載所有燃料——以及宇航員和他們所有的食物、氧氣、二氧化碳洗滌罐等。但如果你能支付得起，那就沒問題——他們可以支付得起，因?yàn)檫@是一項(xiàng)國家聲望項(xiàng)目，目的是在十年內(nèi)登陸月球并擊敗蘇聯(lián)。
因此，他們建造了一枚裝滿燃料的巨型火箭，在一周內(nèi)完成整個往返月球的任務(wù)，并在月球表面停留一天，插上旗幟，撿起巖石、泥土和其他東西。
嫦娥沒有這些限制。它可以慢慢地、以更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更悠閑的步調(diào)踏上回家的旅程，因?yàn)闆]有人會因缺氧、營養(yǎng)不良或無聊而死亡。
這也意味著你不必在返回飛船上裝那么多燃料，也就是說你不必將那么多燃料運(yùn)送到月球。而且由于飛船上沒有宇航員，你不需要為他們提供空間，也不需要食物、氧氣、水、洗滌器等。你也可以讓前往月球的旅程慢得多，這樣你前往月球所需的燃料就更少了。
簡而言之，既然你不用在嫦娥上塞滿宇航員，你就可以緩慢而輕便地飛行。所以你不需要昂貴的大型火箭，而可以用較便宜的中型火箭來湊合。
Astronomy and space enthusiast and experienced EEJun 27
An unmanned probe does not have to be in a hurry, there are no life support issues - food, breathable oxygen, etc. that need to be sustained compared to the 3 men in Apollos command capsule.
On the other hand, a quick return costs more money and equipment effort. The launch speed escaping from the moon has to be faster which takes more fuel which has to be carried from earth on the outbound journey. And more fuel is required for braking when re-entering earth. Recalling the space problem sending payloads from earth requires about 100 pounds of fuel and rocket to put 1 pound or two into earth escape journeys.
OTOH, Apollo had to make a choice of more speed or more life support supplies, which sort of cancel each other out in terms of fuel and weight requirements.
But for unmanned, time is not of the essence in reducing project efforts.
無人探測器不必著急，與阿波羅指揮艙中的三名宇航員相比，沒有生命維持問題 - 食物、可呼吸的氧氣等需要維持。
另一方面，快速返回需要花費(fèi)更多的金錢和設(shè)備精力。逃離月球的發(fā)射速度必須更快，這需要更多的燃料，這些燃料必須在離開地球的旅程中攜帶。重返地球時需要更多的燃料進(jìn)行制動?；叵胍幌绿諉栴}，從地球發(fā)送有效載荷需要大約 100 磅燃料，而火箭需要將 1 磅或 2 磅燃料投入地球逃逸旅程。
另一方面，阿波羅必須在更快的速度和更多的生命支持供給之間做出選擇，而這在燃料和重量要求方面會相互抵消。
但對于無人駕駛而言，時間并不是減少項(xiàng)目工作量的關(guān)鍵。
Returning faster takes fuel. It's worth it when humans are involved and life support is limited. But with robotic missions they can decrease fuel use and by extension increase science payload and decrease costs by taking a more leisurely path that takes it's time. Sometimes missions can take full advantage of things like atmospheric breaking, which basically allows spacecraft to let basic physics do the work propellant would have done. Faster is not always better, especially when human lives aren't on the line.
更快返回需要燃料。當(dāng)涉及人類且生命支持有限時，這是值得的。但通過機(jī)器人任務(wù)，他們可以減少燃料使用，從而增加科學(xué)有效載荷，并通過采取更悠閑的路徑來降低成本。有時任務(wù)可以充分利用諸如大氣破壞之類的因素，這基本上允許航天器讓基本物理學(xué)完成推進(jìn)劑的工作。更快并不總是更好，尤其是當(dāng)人類生命不受威脅時。
Chang-e 6’s ascender vehicle launched from the lunar surface on 3 June 2024, and docked with the orbiter/return vehicle 3 days later. Then the return vehicle continued to orbit the Moon until 21 June, when it fired its rockets to return to Earth, arriving on 25 June.
So, the return vehicle was only in transit for 4 days, which is similar to the return time for the Apollo missions.
嫦娥六號的上升器于2024年6月3日從月球表面發(fā)射，3天后與軌道器/返回器對接。隨后，返回器繼續(xù)繞月飛行，直至6月21日，然后發(fā)射火箭返回地球，于6月25日抵達(dá)。
因此，返回飛船僅需運(yùn)輸 4 天，與阿波羅任務(wù)返回時間相似。
It worth noting that the USSR sample return missions took even less time: it took Luna-24 just 3 days to return. So different flight times are possible.
However it took Chang’e just 4.5 days to return to the Earth, not 20. The missing 15.5 days were spent orbiting the moon after the ascent.
值得注意的是，蘇聯(lián)的采樣返回任務(wù)花費(fèi)的時間更短：月球-24 號僅用3天就返回。因此，不同的飛行時間是可能的。
然而，嫦娥一號返回地球只用了4.5天，而不是20天。缺失的15.5天是在升空后繞月飛行的時間。
The difference in travel time between Chang ' e 6 and Apollo 11 is primarily due to their different mission obxtives and technological constraints . Apollo 11 was a direct mission to the moon 's near side , with the primary goal of landing humans on the surface and returning them to Earth as quickly as possible . The mission was optimized for speed , employing a powerful Saturn V rocket for launch and a direct trajectory to the moon . Chang ' e 6 , on the other hand , has a much more complex mission profile . It 's tasked with collecting lunar samples from the far side of the moon , an area that 's never been explored by humans . This requires a more intricate flight path and a longer stay on the lunar surface for sample collection . Additionally , Chang ' e 6 utilizes a more fuel-efficient propulsion system , which means it takes longer to accelerate and decelerate . Furthermore , Apollo 11 was launched during a favorable alignment of Earth and the moon , allowing for a shorter travel time . Chang ' e 6 , on the other hand , may not have had this same optimal alignment , contributing to the longer travel time . In conclusion , the longer travel time of Chang ' e 6 is a result of its complex mission obxtives , more fuel-efficient propulsion system , and potentially less optimal launch window compared to Apollo 11 . This highlights the advancements in space exploration technology , allowing us to reach farther and explore more of the universe , even if it takes a bit longer .
嫦娥六號和阿波羅 11 號在飛行時間上的差異，主要源于它們不同的任務(wù)目標(biāo)和技術(shù)限制。阿波羅 11 號是一次直接前往月球近側(cè)的任務(wù)，其主要目標(biāo)是讓人類登陸月球表面并盡快返回地球。這次任務(wù)針對速度進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，采用強(qiáng)大的土星五號火箭發(fā)射，并直接飛向月球。而嫦娥六號的任務(wù)概要則復(fù)雜得多。它的任務(wù)是從月球遠(yuǎn)端收集月球樣本，而月球遠(yuǎn)端是人類從未探索過的區(qū)域。這就需要更復(fù)雜的飛行路徑和在月球表面停留更長時間以收集樣本。此外，嫦娥六號采用了燃料效率更高的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)，這意味著它需要更長的加速和減速時間。此外，阿波羅 11 號是在地球和月球呈有利排列時發(fā)射的，因此旅行時間更短。另一方面，嫦娥六號可能沒有這種最佳排列，導(dǎo)致旅行時間更長?？傊?，嫦娥六號的旅行時間更長，這是由于其任務(wù)目標(biāo)復(fù)雜、推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)更省油，而且與阿波羅 11 號相比，發(fā)射窗口可能不太理想。這凸顯了太空探索技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，讓我們能夠走得更遠(yuǎn)，探索更多的宇宙，即使需要更長的時間。
With unmanned missions like the Chinese one, there is no need to rush back, abd you can afford to use a trajectory that is more fuel efficient. The less fuel you need, the aller and cheaper the rocket you need to launch the mission into.orbit. Apollo require the largest to rocket ever launched to be able get a spacecraft that could return from the moon in just a few days.
對于像中國這樣的無人任務(wù)，沒有必要急著返回，而且你可以使用更省油的軌道。您需要的燃料越少，將任務(wù)發(fā)射到軌道所需的火箭就越耐用、越便宜。阿波羅號需要有史以來發(fā)射的最大的火箭才能獲得能夠在短短幾天內(nèi)從月球返回的航天器。
Obviously there is only one answer, Chang’e 6 was only doing 25 percent of Apollo 11’s speed.
There are many reasons why this is desirable but I am not on the launch team so obviously I cannot know what the reason was!
顯然只有一個答案，嫦娥六號的速度只有阿波羅 11 號的 25%。
這樣做的原因有很多，但我不是發(fā)射團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員，所以顯然我不知道原因是什么！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
real answer：
The Americans actually only needed 1 day, and they deliberately delayed for 5 days to avoid public suspicion.
It really only took 1 day to move Armstrong from the Hollywood studio to the sea
真正的答案：
美國人其實(shí)只需要1天，他們故意拖延了5天，以避免公眾懷疑。
阿姆斯特朗從好萊塢片場搬到海邊真的只用了1天