英國大學需要救援計劃，以阻止破產(chǎn)的“多米諾效應”
UK universities need rescue package to stop ‘domino effect’ of going under
譯文簡介
“大學變成了企業(yè)?！薄缎l(wèi)報》報道。
正文翻譯
UK universities need rescue package to stop ‘domino effect’ of going under
-Experts say the next head of the Office for Students must oversee a programme that will protect higher education
英國大學需要救援計劃，以阻止破產(chǎn)的“多米諾效應”
——專家表示，下一任學生辦公室負責人必須監(jiān)督一項保護高等教育的計劃
-Experts say the next head of the Office for Students must oversee a programme that will protect higher education
英國大學需要救援計劃，以阻止破產(chǎn)的“多米諾效應”
——專家表示，下一任學生辦公室負責人必須監(jiān)督一項保護高等教育的計劃
(Ex-Tory minister Chris Skidmore could head the Office for Students.)
（前保守黨大臣克里斯·斯基德莫爾可能領導學生辦公室。）
新聞：
The new head of the Office for Students (OfS) will have to oversee rescue plans to avoid a “domino effect” with a number of universities going under, experts have warned.
專家警告說，學生辦公室的新負責人將不得不監(jiān)督救援計劃，以避免許多大學破產(chǎn)的“多米諾骨牌效應”。
專家警告說，學生辦公室的新負責人將不得不監(jiān)督救援計劃，以避免許多大學破產(chǎn)的“多米諾骨牌效應”。
The new government’s Department for Education (DfE) announced on Tuesday that it had accepted the resignation of the OfS’s controversial chair, James Wharton, a former Tory MP who ran Boris Johnson’s leadership campaign. Lord Wharton, who was given the job of running the independent regulator in 2021 despite having no experience of higher education, did not give up the Tory whip in the Lords and was widely criticised for being too close to the Conservative government.
新政府的教育部周二宣布，已經(jīng)接受了教育局備受爭議的主席詹姆斯·沃頓的辭呈。沃頓是前保守黨議員，曾負責鮑里斯·約翰遜的領導競選。沃頓勛爵于2021年被任命為獨立監(jiān)管機構的負責人，盡管他沒有高等教育經(jīng)驗，但他沒有放棄保守黨在上議院的黨鞭職務，并因與保守黨政府關系過于密切而受到廣泛批評。
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新政府的教育部周二宣布，已經(jīng)接受了教育局備受爭議的主席詹姆斯·沃頓的辭呈。沃頓是前保守黨議員，曾負責鮑里斯·約翰遜的領導競選。沃頓勛爵于2021年被任命為獨立監(jiān)管機構的負責人，盡管他沒有高等教育經(jīng)驗，但他沒有放棄保守黨在上議院的黨鞭職務，并因與保守黨政府關系過于密切而受到廣泛批評。
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One of the most surprising names said to be on the list of possible contenders to replace Wharton is Chris Skidmore, the former Tory energy minister who resigned from the government in January and has been excoriating in recent public attacks on his former party.
據(jù)說接替沃頓的可能競爭者名單上最令人驚訝的名字之一是克里斯·斯基德莫爾，這位前保守黨能源大臣于今年1月從政府辭職，最近一直在公開抨擊他的前政黨。
據(jù)說接替沃頓的可能競爭者名單上最令人驚訝的名字之一是克里斯·斯基德莫爾，這位前保守黨能源大臣于今年1月從政府辭職，最近一直在公開抨擊他的前政黨。
Skidmore was once the universities minister and is respected in the sector. Other names suggested to the Observer by a range of well-connected figures in higher education include David Bell, vice-chancellor of Sunderland University and a former DfE permanent secretary.
斯基德莫爾曾任大學大臣，在該領域頗受尊敬。一些在高等教育界人脈廣泛的人士向《觀察家報》推薦的其他人選還包括桑德蘭大學副校長、前教育部常務秘書戴維·貝爾。
斯基德莫爾曾任大學大臣，在該領域頗受尊敬。一些在高等教育界人脈廣泛的人士向《觀察家報》推薦的其他人選還包括桑德蘭大學副校長、前教育部常務秘書戴維·貝爾。
With 40% of universities projected to be in deficit, according to recent reports by both PricewaterhouseCoopers and the OfS, experts said this weekend there has never been a more crucial time to have a more effective and stronger regulator with clearer priorities. In 2023, a scathing report by the Lords industry and regulators committee criticised the OfS, which had intervened on Conservative pet causes, including free speech and “l(fā)ow value” courses, for being driven by the “ebb and flow of short-term political priorities and media headlines”. Prof Steve West, vice-chancellor of the University of the West of England, who stepped down from the OfS board when he served as president of Universities UK, said: “This is the OfS’s most critical moment. It has a very serious job to do protecting students and the reputation of UK higher education.”
根據(jù)普華永道和英國金融服務辦公室最近的報告，預計40%的大學將出現(xiàn)赤字。專家們本周末表示，現(xiàn)在是建立一個更有效、更強大、優(yōu)先事項更明確的監(jiān)管機構的關鍵時刻了。2023年，英國上議院產(chǎn)業(yè)和監(jiān)管委員會發(fā)布了一份措辭嚴厲的報告，批評學生辦公室受“短期政治優(yōu)先事項和媒體頭條的潮起潮落”驅動，對保守黨喜歡的事業(yè)（包括言論自由和“低價值”課程）進行了干預。西英格蘭大學副校長史蒂夫·韋斯特教授在擔任英國大學聯(lián)合會主席期間退出了學生辦公室董事會，他說：“這是學生辦公室最關鍵的時刻。保護學生和英國高等教育的聲譽是一項非常嚴肅的工作。”
根據(jù)普華永道和英國金融服務辦公室最近的報告，預計40%的大學將出現(xiàn)赤字。專家們本周末表示，現(xiàn)在是建立一個更有效、更強大、優(yōu)先事項更明確的監(jiān)管機構的關鍵時刻了。2023年，英國上議院產(chǎn)業(yè)和監(jiān)管委員會發(fā)布了一份措辭嚴厲的報告，批評學生辦公室受“短期政治優(yōu)先事項和媒體頭條的潮起潮落”驅動，對保守黨喜歡的事業(yè)（包括言論自由和“低價值”課程）進行了干預。西英格蘭大學副校長史蒂夫·韋斯特教授在擔任英國大學聯(lián)合會主席期間退出了學生辦公室董事會，他說：“這是學生辦公室最關鍵的時刻。保護學生和英國高等教育的聲譽是一項非常嚴肅的工作。”
When West was on the board, he said discussions about how to protect students at universities that looked financially unstable were more manageable because they typically involved one or two universities. “The difference now is the sheer scale of what they are facing. If you’ve got a large number of institutions at risk and posting deficits, that is a far bigger systemic issue,” he said.
韋斯特說，當他還是董事會成員時，關于如何保護那些看起來財務不穩(wěn)定的大學學生的討論更容易管理，因為這些討論通常涉及一到兩所大學。“現(xiàn)在的不同之處在于他們所面臨的問題的規(guī)模。如果有大量機構面臨風險并出現(xiàn)赤字，那將是一個更大的系統(tǒng)性問題。”
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韋斯特說，當他還是董事會成員時，關于如何保護那些看起來財務不穩(wěn)定的大學學生的討論更容易管理，因為這些討論通常涉及一到兩所大學。“現(xiàn)在的不同之處在于他們所面臨的問題的規(guī)模。如果有大量機構面臨風險并出現(xiàn)赤字，那將是一個更大的系統(tǒng)性問題。”
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More than 50 universities are making job and budget cuts in response to a drop-off in overseas students and a decade-long freeze in the ￡9,250 a year fees paid by UK students. The Russell Group has estimated that English universities lost an average of ￡2,500 a student a year in 2022-23 and without a change in policy this will increase to ￡5,000 a student a year by 2029-30.
英國50多所大學正在裁員和削減預算，以應對海外學生數(shù)量的下降，以及被凍結了10年不漲的英國學生每年9250英鎊的學費。羅素集團估計，在2022-23年期間，英國大學平均每年損失每個學生2500英鎊，如果不改變政策，到2029-30年，這一數(shù)字將增加到每年5000英鎊。
英國50多所大學正在裁員和削減預算，以應對海外學生數(shù)量的下降，以及被凍結了10年不漲的英國學生每年9250英鎊的學費。羅素集團估計，在2022-23年期間，英國大學平均每年損失每個學生2500英鎊，如果不改變政策，到2029-30年，這一數(shù)字將增加到每年5000英鎊。
Nick Hillman, director of the Higher Education Policy Institute thinktank, said: “When this many universities are projected to be in deficit, you can’t say: ‘This is a market and some institutions will have to go,’ because there is a serious risk of a domino effect.”
智庫高等教育政策研究所主管尼克·希爾曼表示：“當這么多大學預計將出現(xiàn)赤字時，你不能說：‘這是一個市場，一些機構將不得不退出，’因為存在多米諾骨牌效應的嚴重風險。”
智庫高等教育政策研究所主管尼克·希爾曼表示：“當這么多大學預計將出現(xiàn)赤字時，你不能說：‘這是一個市場，一些機構將不得不退出，’因為存在多米諾骨牌效應的嚴重風險。”
He warned that if one university went under, lenders would “start calling in their debts left right and centre”. Hillman added: “It was inevitable that Lord Wharton had to go. It was an extraordinary appointment for political reasons.”
他警告說，如果一所大學破產(chǎn)，貸款機構將“開始收回他們的債務”。希爾曼補充說：“沃頓勛爵不得不離開是不可避免的。出于政治原因，這是一次非同尋常的任命?！?/b>
他警告說，如果一所大學破產(chǎn)，貸款機構將“開始收回他們的債務”。希爾曼補充說：“沃頓勛爵不得不離開是不可避免的。出于政治原因，這是一次非同尋常的任命?！?/b>
Chris Millward, professor of practice in education policy at Birmingham University and former director for fair access at the OfS, said the regulator now had a key role to play in “not only forecasting risk but also managing it”.
伯明翰大學教育政策實踐教授、學生辦公室前公平準入主管克里斯·米爾沃德表示，該監(jiān)管機構現(xiàn)在“不僅在預測風險方面，而且在管理風險方面”發(fā)揮著關鍵作用。
伯明翰大學教育政策實踐教授、學生辦公室前公平準入主管克里斯·米爾沃德表示，該監(jiān)管機構現(xiàn)在“不僅在預測風險方面，而且在管理風險方面”發(fā)揮著關鍵作用。
He added that although the OfS was supposed to protect the interests of students: “If a university goes bust, the implications will be much wider.”
他補充說，盡管學生辦公室本應保護學生的利益，但“如果一所大學破產(chǎn)，其影響將會廣泛得多?！?/b>
他補充說，盡管學生辦公室本應保護學生的利益，但“如果一所大學破產(chǎn)，其影響將會廣泛得多?！?/b>
A spokesperson for the DfE said the process to appoint an interim chair was under way with a permanent replacement announced “in due course”. SheIt added: “It is important that we have a sustainable higher education funding system that provides opportunities, supports students and maintains the world-leading status of our universities.”
英國教育部的一位發(fā)言人表示，任命臨時主席的程序正在進行中，“在適當?shù)臅r候”將宣布永久替代人選。她補充說：“重要的是，我們要有一個可持續(xù)的高等教育資助體系，為學生提供機會，支持學生，保持我們大學的世界領先地位?！?br />
英國教育部的一位發(fā)言人表示，任命臨時主席的程序正在進行中，“在適當?shù)臅r候”將宣布永久替代人選。她補充說：“重要的是，我們要有一個可持續(xù)的高等教育資助體系，為學生提供機會，支持學生，保持我們大學的世界領先地位?！?br />
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Our entire higher education approach is wrong tbh and it all goes back to the Balir reforms.
Frankly most jobs that "require a degree" don't. We do not need this many degree holders. It dues the degrees for those that do need them and keep people who could be learning valuable skills on the job locked out of the economy.
Cut places massively, abolish fees and ramp up entry requirements.
我們的整個高等教育方式都是錯誤的，這一切都要追溯到巴利爾改革。
坦率地說，大多數(shù)“需要學位”的工作其實都不需要。我們不需要這么多學位持有者。它降低了那些確實需要學位的人獲得學位的價值，并將那些本可以在工作中學習有價值技能的人拒之門外。
應該大規(guī)模削減名額，取消學費，提高入學要求。
And have employers pay more for education/training? How likely is that?
雇主是否會為教育/培訓支付更多費用？這種可能性有多大？
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So employers do (at least larger ones). There is a tax on corporations called the apprenticeship levy, which puts 0.5% or a companies pay bill into a scheme that funds apprenticeships in the country. Companies can then claim this money back in the form of apprenticeship schemes within their company…. Now I know only a small % of companies qualify here but this could be expanded to have a more blended or transitional approach to go from university education to vocational
雇主們（至少是大公司）也是。對企業(yè)征收一項名為學徒稅的稅，該稅將企業(yè)支付賬單的0.5%用于資助全國的學徒計劃。然后，公司可以在公司內部以學徒計劃的形式收回這筆錢……現(xiàn)在我知道只有一小部分公司符合條件，但這可以擴展為一種從大學教育到職業(yè)教育更混合或過渡的做法
Honestly think where I work could over triple the number of apprenticeships easily. Training for the role takes a couple of weeks and you are on your own. Maybe the odd question a few times a week after that. Not sure how much value they get out of it though. I still think we should be teaching them at least basic database queries but they are not allowed access.
老實說，我工作的地方可以輕松地將學徒人數(shù)增加三倍。這個角色的培訓需要幾周的時間，你要靠自己。也許在那之后一周會問幾次奇怪的問題。但不確定他們從中獲得了多少價值。我仍然認為我們至少應該教他們基本的數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢，但他們不被允許訪問。
People really need to wake up and understand how broken it is..~￡50,000 in debt for specialist knowledge that is not used is not how university is meant to be used. It's not sustainable, and not sustainable.
More education isn't always better for a student when there is coat attached. It has to be the right kind of education for the career they are pursuing.
And have employers pay more for education/training? How likely is that?
Any jobs which has a generic "degree holder" requirement is bullshit. If an employer can't point specifically at 2/3 courses then it doesn't require a degree.
人們真的需要清醒過來，明白它有多糟糕……為專業(yè)知識欠下5萬英鎊的債務，而這些專業(yè)知識沒有被用到，這不是大學應該有的用途。這是不可持續(xù)的，不可持續(xù)的。
對學生來說，更多的教育并不總是更好的。它必須是適合他們所追求的職業(yè)的教育。
“雇主是否會為教育/培訓支付更多費用？這種可能性有多大？”
任何要求“擁有學位”的工作都是扯淡。如果雇主不能明確指出這個學位三分之二的課程，那么就說明不需要學位。
Universities became businesses. They’ve been run like Thames Water.
大學變成了企業(yè)。他們像泰晤士水務公司一樣運作。
But they've also had their fees capped by the government at a completely unsustainable level.
If they were really businesses then they'd be able to set their UK tuition fees at whatever level they wanted.
但他們的收費也被政府限制在一個完全不可持續(xù)的水平。
如果他們是真正的企業(yè)，那么他們可以把英國的學費設定在他們想要的任何水平。
If they were really businesses then they'd be able to set their UK tuition fees at whatever level they wanted.
Indeed. That Cambridge is capped at the same level as Wrexham is an insult. The worth of their output is at opposite ends of the scale.
“如果他們是真正的企業(yè)，那么他們可以把英國的學費設定在他們想要的任何水平”
確實。劍橋大學與雷克瑟姆大學（學費水平）被限制在同一水平，這是一種侮辱。他們產(chǎn)出的價值處于天平的兩端。
This is what people really need to understand. Cots are simply rising to meet available money. Increasing student costs again is probably the worst thing that could be done - it will absolutely feed through to stagnating the economy.
Universities need a wake up call. Drop the useless courses. Axe some of the non teaching management on 6 figure salaries.
We need to move back towards a system where improved graduate incomes result in higher taxation for funding.
I'm actually for increased government support, albeit with strings attached. 1. The support would only be for sext high demand courses and rigorous STEM courses. 2. A tuition bursary would be given to the students and a cash sum the university if students gain a 2:1 or higher on these courses.
這才是人們真正需要理解的。房價上漲只是為了滿足可用資金的需求。再次增加學生費用可能是最糟糕的事情——這絕對會導致經(jīng)濟停滯。
大學需要一個警鐘。放棄無用的課程。削減一些非教學管理人員6位數(shù)的薪水。
我們需要回到一個系統(tǒng)，在這個系統(tǒng)中，畢業(yè)生收入的提高會導致更高的資金稅收。
實際上，我支持增加政府支持，盡管有附加條件。1、這種支持只針對高要求課程和嚴格的理工科課程。2、如果學生在這些課程中獲得2:1或更高的成績，將向學生提供學費助學金，并向大學提供現(xiàn)金獎勵。
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This is complete and utter horseshit, sorry but it is. Universities are not for profit orgs but have been squeezed by the government imposed god-awful funding model. Income has as such been frozen for a decade, alongside recently rampant inflation.
In response, unis have relied on international student fees to plug the holes and now that is drying up as numbers fall because of many factors, including talk of the previous gov of scrapping the post study visa.
All in all, blaming the unis for this and comparing to Thames Water is just utterly ignorant of the facts.
這完全是一派胡言，抱歉，但確實如此。大學不是營利性機構，但受到政府強制推行的糟糕透頂?shù)馁Y助模式的擠壓。收入已經(jīng)被凍結了10年，與此同時，通貨膨脹也在肆虐。
作為回應，各大學一直依靠國際學生的學費來填補缺口，但由于許多因素，包括前政府取消留學后簽證的傳言，學生人數(shù)下降，現(xiàn)在這種渠道正在枯竭。
Why are 40% of universities in deficit after 15 years of super high fees and ultra recruitment drives for foreign students who pay double fees? Who has mismanaged their finances and what are the consequences for those people? What did they do wrong, and what can we learn from it so the next people who become responsible for university financials don't repeat the same mistakes? Until we can satisfactorily answer these questions, not only about universities but about industry in general, the country will continue its decline.
為什么在15年的超高學費和對支付雙倍學費的外國學生的超招之后，40%的大學還是出現(xiàn)赤字？是誰的財務管理不善，對這些人的后果是什么？他們做錯了什么，我們能從中學到什么，這樣下一個負責大學財務的人就不會重蹈覆轍了？除非我們能令人滿意地回答這些問題，不僅是關于大學，而且是關于整個工業(yè)，否則這個國家將繼續(xù)衰落。
Unfortunately the whole structure of the sector is broken. There are probably only somewhere between 5-10 high quality universities left in the UK - depending on how you look at them.
By this I mean high quality research together with a decent education, and an outlook that isn't totally focused on university as a 'business'. Particularly, a lot of formally good universities are just super focused on overseas students beyond everything else.
Then there are the universities which do a reasonable job educating the same kind of sector that colleges used to educate. Their problem is that their reserach is generally pretty much useless as a whole (you can find exceptions for sure).
We continue to insist on combining teaching and research into one model. It works still for the high end universities, but it just doesn't work for most of the sector.
Plus there is a pay system for staff and a quality control system of degrees that maintains that all universities are the same. Which they clearly are not.
不幸的是，整個行業(yè)的結構已經(jīng)崩潰。英國可能只剩下5-10所高質量的大學了——這取決于你如何看待它們。
我的意思是高質量的研究，加上體面的教育，以及不完全把大學當作一門“生意”的觀點。特別是，很多正規(guī)的好大學都非常關注海外學生。
還有一些大學在教育大學過去教育的領域方面做得很好。它們的問題在于，它們的研究總體上幾乎毫無用處（你肯定會發(fā)現(xiàn)例外）。
我們繼續(xù)堅持教學與科研相結合的模式。它仍然適用于高端大學，但并不適用于大多數(shù)行業(yè)。
此外，還有一個對所有大學都一視同仁的員工薪酬體系和學位質量控制體系。但它們顯然不該一視同仁。
Let them fail. They wanted to fuck around in a free market, let them find out. They will be forced to innovate like they should have already. The reasons they’re failing are not outside of their control, deliver a valuable service and people will pay.
Note, a significant reason for inflation and rapidly increasing national debt is to do with our insistence on bailing out failing business models. Case in point with the pandemic, the financial crisis, and now universities. Businesses that were not fit for purpose were provided life support vehicles at vast expense to the tax payer so they could continue to make money in the same unsustainable ways that they always did. In addition, these vehicles provided opportunity for fraud and corruption, such as bailouts used for bonuses and Covid loan fraud
讓它們破產(chǎn)好了。它們想在自由市場上玩，就讓它們自己體會吧。它們將被迫進行創(chuàng)新，就像它們已經(jīng)應該做的那樣。它們失敗的原因不是它們無法控制的，提供有價值的服務，人們就會付錢。
請注意，通貨膨脹和國家債務迅速增加的一個重要原因與我們堅持救助失敗的商業(yè)模式有關。大流行、金融危機和現(xiàn)在的大學就是一個很好的例子。那些不適合經(jīng)營的企業(yè)，政府花了納稅人大量的錢提供生命維持工具，這樣它們就可以繼續(xù)以同樣不可持續(xù)的方式賺錢。此外，這些工具為欺詐和腐敗提供了機會，例如用于補貼和疫情貸款欺詐的救助
They were never in a free market - the fees have been capped for a long time. If it was a free market they’d have set their own fees, and then you could blame them if they collapsed. Instead they simply can’t afford to run on the set income they can bring in.
它們從來都不是在自由市場——收費上限已經(jīng)存在很長時間了。如果這是一個自由市場，它們應該設定自己的費用，然后如果它們倒閉了，你可以指責它們。相反，它們根本無法以它們的固定收入來維持下去。
The universities wanted the thrill of private sector revenue. They can reap the free market.
大學想要私有領域收入帶來的刺激。它們可以收割自由市場。
If you actually give them the free market - ie no cap on tuition fees - then most will be okay but students will suffer hugely…
如果你真的給它們自由市場——即學費沒有上限——那么大多數(shù)人會沒事，但學生將遭受巨大損失……
Fired the corrupted money stealing staffs, and Stop wasting money on foreign students from hostile nations, and you will find you suddenly have the budget
解雇腐敗的偷錢的員工，停止在敵對國家的外國學生身上浪費錢，然后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你突然有了預算
Let them burn. Complete scam, no young person should ever be pressured to put themselves 40k in debt as a normal thing to do.
讓它們燃燒好了。完全就是騙局，任何年輕人都不應該被強迫讓自己背負4萬美元的債務，還覺得這很正常。
Let them sink. Only universities care about universities. It's a fucked up exclusive system.
讓它們沉沒好了。只有大學才關心大學。這是一個該死的排他性系統(tǒng)。