為什么只有日本才有神道教?

Paul Andrews
Shinto (or Shintoism) is very much tied to the culture of the Japanese people, their history, and the geography of Japan. As most Japanese have remained in Japan (they have not been exiled or driven away), the epicenter of Japanese culture has never left the Japanese archipelago, and there has been little opportunity to establish a Japanese narrative outside of Japan. Imperialism did bring Shinto to Taiwan, Korea, and other Japanese colonies in the early 20th century, but it left with the Japanese after WWII. It is the narrative of the Japanese people that gives importance to the shrines, mountains, trees, etc. important to Shinto, and without it outsiders will see little evidence of Shinto outside of the Japan.

神道（或稱神道教）與日本人的文化、歷史以及日本的地理環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。由于大多數(shù)日本人一直居住在日本（他們沒(méi)有被流放或驅(qū)逐），日本文化的核心從未離開(kāi)過(guò)日本群島，因此也很少有機(jī)會(huì)在日本以外建立日本的敘事。雖然帝國(guó)主義在20世紀(jì)初將神道傳播到了臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)）、韓國(guó)以及其他日本殖民地，但在二戰(zhàn)后這些地方的神道也隨日本人撤退而消失。正是日本人的敘事賦予了神道中神社、山脈、樹(shù)木等的意義，而沒(méi)有這些背景，外部人士很難看到神道在日本以外的證據(jù)。

With that said, Shinto is alive outside of Japan and practiced in small ways by many of the millions of Japanese and non-Japanese living abroad. It is often interpreted as just “Japanese culture” to those expecting Shinto be a religion more in the Western sense, though. From the small kamidana in homes and safe travel charms in people’s cars to the stories Japanese mother’s tell their children, Shinto is present in the lives and everyday culture of many outside of Japan. I don’t think a day goes by when my wife doesn’t tell the kids not to slam things down or throw things because it is disrespectful to the spirits of those inanimate obxts! That, too, is Shinto.

話雖如此，神道在日本以外仍然存在，并且在許多居住在海外的日本人和非日本人中以小規(guī)模的方式實(shí)踐。對(duì)那些期待神道在西方宗教意義上存在的人來(lái)說(shuō)，它通常被解釋為“日本文化”。從家庭中的小神棚到汽車?yán)锏陌踩眯凶o(hù)符，再到日本母親講給孩子們的故事，神道在許多日本以外的人的生活和日常文化中都存在。我認(rèn)為，每天都不會(huì)少有人像我的妻子一樣告訴孩子們不要猛力摔東西或亂扔?xùn)|西，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)那些無(wú)生命物體的靈魂是不尊重的！這也是神道的一部分。

Paulo Sakamoto
There usually is a kamidana or kakejiku at japanese martial arts dojos, to which we bow as we enter and leave, and make a more elaborate reverence at the beginning and ending of the training.

在日本武道館中，通常會(huì)有一個(gè)神棚或掛軸。我們?cè)谶M(jìn)出時(shí)會(huì)向它鞠躬，并在訓(xùn)練開(kāi)始和結(jié)束時(shí)做更為正式的敬禮。

Saito Takashi

Shinto (神道, literally “Way of the Gods”) is the ethnic religion of Japanese people. Thus it is mostly only practiced by Japanese in Japan and in Japanese diaspora communities. It is an integral part of Japanese culture and Japanese people too.
神道（神道，字面意思是“神的道路”）是日本人的民族宗教。因此，它主要只在日本及日本僑民社區(qū)中由日本人實(shí)踐。它是日本文化和日本人生活中不可或缺的一部分。

However there are also some non-Japanese followers, either half Japanese and their relatives or people interested in Japanese culture and Shinto mythology itself.
So Shinto is not only practiced in Japan.

然而，也有一些非日本人信徒，包括半日本人及其親屬，或?qū)θ毡疚幕蜕竦郎裨捀信d趣的人。因此，神道不僅僅在日本被實(shí)踐。

Shinto shrines in Hawaii:
There are 8 Shinto shrines in Hawaii, here are two of them:

夏威夷的神道神社：
夏威夷有8座神道神社，這里是其中的兩座：

This Shinto shrine, north of Honolulu, is one of the biggest and most popular Shinto shrines in Hawaii, and still a major gathering place for Japanese people and Japanese-Americans (they even have an annual scholarship competition for local college students). The shrine also hosts many Japanese festivals throughout the year, and the traditional Japanese architecture makes it a popular tourist destination.

這個(gè)神道神社位于檀香山北部，是夏威夷最大和最受歡迎的神道神社之一，仍然是日本人和日裔美國(guó)人的主要聚集地（他們甚至為當(dāng)?shù)卮髮W(xué)生舉辦年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金比賽）。該神社全年舉辦許多日本節(jié)日，傳統(tǒng)的日本建筑也使其成為一個(gè)受歡迎的旅游勝地。

Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America

美國(guó)椿大神社

Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America, also sometimes known as Tsubaki America Jinja or in Japanese as amerika tsubaki ōkamiyashiro (アメリカ椿大神社), is the first Shinto shrine built in the mainland United States after World War II.
美國(guó)椿大神社，也有時(shí)被稱為T(mén)subaki America Jinja ，或用日語(yǔ)表示為「アメリカ椿大神社」，是二戰(zhàn)后在美國(guó)本土建立的第一座神道神社。
Holland:
Japanese Dutch Shinzen Foundation
France:
Wako Jinja
Sanctuaire Yabuhara in Paris
San Marino (within Italy):
San Marino Jinja

荷蘭：
日本荷蘭神仙基金會(huì)
法國(guó)：
和光神社
巴黎矢布原神社
圣馬力諾（位于意大利內(nèi)）：
圣馬力諾神社

Some Half Japanese, and their non-Japanese relatives also started to follow Shinto. Here a European Shinto priest.
Shinto is actually quite similar to other folk religions of East Asia and Southeast Asia. This is animistic and polytheistic principles.

一些半日本人及其非日本親屬也開(kāi)始追隨神道。這里有一位歐洲的神道神職人員。
神道實(shí)際上與東亞和東南亞的其他民間宗教非常相似。它遵循的是泛靈論和多神論的原則。

Scooter Campbell
Shinto is tied to Japan quite heavily, but it’s not something that is “practiced.” There are no central rules to Shinto, nor is there anything like a Bible. Instead, Shinto exists more in holidays and Japanese traditions than as religious practice.
That being said, Shinto is about the placation and reverence of mostly natural phenomena. A kami can be a specific mythical figure like Amaterasu, but they are often named features like a really cool rock or a great view. As such, there’s nothing that ties Shinto to Japan other than the lack of traditional context. There is a Shinto shrine I think in Washington, and I’m told some foreign nationals have expressed interest in “becoming Shinto,” it’s just that Shinto isn’t very common outside of Japan.

神道與日本有著密切的聯(lián)系，但它并不是一種“實(shí)踐”的宗教。神道沒(méi)有核心的規(guī)則，也沒(méi)有類似于圣經(jīng)的經(jīng)文。神道更多地體現(xiàn)在節(jié)日和日本傳統(tǒng)中，而不是作為一種宗教實(shí)踐。
盡管如此，神道的核心在于安撫和尊敬主要是自然現(xiàn)象的神靈。神可以是一個(gè)特定的神話人物，比如天照大神，但它們通常被命名為特征，比如非常酷的巖石或美麗的景色。因此，除了缺乏傳統(tǒng)背景，神道并沒(méi)有什么東西將它與日本緊密聯(lián)系在一起。我知道在華盛頓有一座神道神社，還有人說(shuō)一些外國(guó)人對(duì)“成為神道信徒”表示了興趣，只是神道在日本以外的地方并不常見(jiàn)。

Dearcoolz
The Influences of Taoism & Confucianism on Shinto Beliefs
Citing Taoism
Shinto has been influenced by the Chinese religions of Taoism and Confucianism throughout history.
The earliest Shinto writings include abundant connections to Taoist beliefs, but it is impossible to know which concepts already existed in Shinto and which were adopted directly from Taoism.
there are some very clear Taoist influences in Japan's earliest Shinto writings, such as the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki. These works were written using Chinese characters and use references to Taoist legends and writings to illustrate Shinto beliefs. Meanwhile, some forms of Shinto explicitly incorporate Taoist teachings and rituals into their practices. One form, known as Ise Shinto, actually cites the Taoist scxture of the Dao De Jing in one of its religious texts.

道教與儒教對(duì)神道信仰的影響
引用道教
神道教在歷史上受到了道教和儒教的影響。
最早的神道教文獻(xiàn)中包含了大量與道教信仰相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，但難以確定哪些概念已經(jīng)存在于神道教中，哪些是直接從道教中吸收的。在日本最早的神道教文獻(xiàn)，如《古事記》和《日本書(shū)紀(jì)》中，可以明顯看到道教的影響。這些著作使用了漢字，并通過(guò)道教傳說(shuō)和著作來(lái)說(shuō)明神道教的信仰。同時(shí)，某些神道教形式明確將道教教義和儀式融入其中。其中一種形式，稱為伊勢(shì)神道，實(shí)際上在其宗教文本中引用了道教經(jīng)典《道德經(jīng)》。

Some concepts in Shinto are apparently taken directly from Taoism, such as the idea that there is a fundamental yin-yang duality in nature. Beliefs regarding the classification of matter into five types also were adopted from Taoism, as were various ideas about the relationship between people and heaven. The Shinto belief that the supernatural world is governed by an organized hierarchical system of deities has been attributed to Taoism as well. Some Taoist deities were directly adopted into Shinto, such as the Lord of Mount Tai, who serves as the ruler of fate from his peak in the east.

神道教中的一些概念顯然直接取自道教，例如自然界中存在的基本陰陽(yáng)二元性。關(guān)于物質(zhì)分類為五種類型的信仰也來(lái)自道教，以及有關(guān)人類與天界關(guān)系的各種觀念。神道教中認(rèn)為超自然世界由一個(gè)有組織的層級(jí)神祇系統(tǒng)所統(tǒng)治的信仰，也被歸因于道教。一些道教神祇直接被納入神道教，例如泰山君，他在東部的山頂上擔(dān)任命運(yùn)之主。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Confucian Influences
Confucianism, a system of moral teachings that also originates in ancient China, also has at times been mixed with the Shinto religion. Japan's Ritsuryo law code of the seventh and eight centuries adopted concepts from Confucianism, and centuries later Confucian thought became the basis of a new school of Shinto known as Juka Shinto. The Tokugawa shogunate, which came to rule feudal Japan in 1600, adopted Confucianism as its official ideology, thus adding a Confucian flavor to Shinto practices that continued during that period.

儒家影響
儒家是一種源自古代中國(guó)的道德教義系統(tǒng)，有時(shí)也與神道教相融合。日本七八世紀(jì)的律令法典采納了儒家概念，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)后，儒家思想成為一種新型神道教流派——儒家神道的基礎(chǔ)。1600年上臺(tái)的德川幕府將儒家思想作為官方意識(shí)形態(tài)，從而為神道教實(shí)踐增添了儒家色彩，這種影響在那個(gè)時(shí)期繼續(xù)存在。

Cristian Anghel
The article you quote says the opposite, that Buddhism influenced both. the rest is a proof that Japan was influence by China, which we knew, not that shintoism was influenced by taoism. In fact, taoism itself is a non-religion, rather esoteric practices assimilated on the background of the Chinese traditional religion, sticked together without organic connections with some Chinese philosophy. Three in one, and everybody takes what it wants - today most take the witchcraft while quoting the philosophy to hide their intentions.

你引用的文章說(shuō)的是相反的，即佛教對(duì)兩者都有影響。其余的內(nèi)容證明了日本受到了中國(guó)的影響，這一點(diǎn)我們?cè)缫阎?，而不是神道教受到了道教的影響。?shí)際上，道教本身并非一種宗教，而是一些神秘的實(shí)踐，被吸收到中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)宗教的背景中，并與一些中國(guó)哲學(xué)無(wú)有機(jī)聯(lián)系地結(jié)合在一起。三教合一，每個(gè)人都從中取所需——今天大多數(shù)人引用哲學(xué)以掩蓋其意圖，而實(shí)際采納的是巫術(shù)。