中國古代建筑和韓國古代建筑有哪些相似之處？
What are some similarities between Chinese and Korean architecture?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：中國各個(gè)時(shí)期的建筑都是不一樣的，中國古代的建筑是一個(gè)不斷變化發(fā)展的過程。而且中國不同地區(qū)的建筑也會(huì)有很大的差異。為了簡化問題，我們僅比較最具代表性的建筑類型之一：宮殿......
正文翻譯
@Aya Shawn
The architectures of different periods in China are different, and the architecture of ancient China is a process of constant change and development. And the buildings in different regions of China will also have great differences.
To simplify the matter, let's compare only one of the most representative types of architecture: the palace.
中國各個(gè)時(shí)期的建筑都是不一樣的，中國古代的建筑是一個(gè)不斷變化發(fā)展的過程。而且中國不同地區(qū)的建筑也會(huì)有很大的差異。
為了簡化問題，我們僅比較最具代表性的建筑類型之一：宮殿。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
The architectures of different periods in China are different, and the architecture of ancient China is a process of constant change and development. And the buildings in different regions of China will also have great differences.
To simplify the matter, let's compare only one of the most representative types of architecture: the palace.
中國各個(gè)時(shí)期的建筑都是不一樣的，中國古代的建筑是一個(gè)不斷變化發(fā)展的過程。而且中國不同地區(qū)的建筑也會(huì)有很大的差異。
為了簡化問題，我們僅比較最具代表性的建筑類型之一：宮殿。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
The ancient buildings that currently exist in Korea mainly come from the Joseon Dynasty. During this period, the Joseon Dynasty was a vassal state of the Chinese Ming Empire. At this time, the kings of the Joseon Dynasty were canonized by the Ming Empire, and their knowledge, culture, education, and writing all came from the Ming Empire. Therefore, the construction plan of the palace where the king lived also came from the Ming Empire.
韓國現(xiàn)存的古建筑主要來自古朝鮮。古朝鮮在這那時(shí)期是中國明朝的藩屬國。此時(shí)的古朝鮮國王受明朝冊封，其知識(shí)、文化、教育、文字等均來自明朝。因此，國王居住的宮殿的建筑規(guī)劃也來自明朝。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
韓國現(xiàn)存的古建筑主要來自古朝鮮。古朝鮮在這那時(shí)期是中國明朝的藩屬國。此時(shí)的古朝鮮國王受明朝冊封，其知識(shí)、文化、教育、文字等均來自明朝。因此，國王居住的宮殿的建筑規(guī)劃也來自明朝。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
This is the palace of the Ming Empire - the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City
This makes the ancient buildings that can be seen in South Korea have almost the same form and appearance as the Ming Dynasty buildings in China.
這是明朝的宮殿-紫禁城里的太和殿
這使得在韓國所能見到的古建筑，其形態(tài)和外觀，與中國明代建筑幾乎無異。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
This makes the ancient buildings that can be seen in South Korea have almost the same form and appearance as the Ming Dynasty buildings in China.
這是明朝的宮殿-紫禁城里的太和殿
這使得在韓國所能見到的古建筑，其形態(tài)和外觀，與中國明代建筑幾乎無異。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
This is a historical building in Seoul, South Korea - Gyeongbokgung Palace
Someone will post a photo and say: It's not the same. China's imperial palace is bigger, Korea's is smaller. The imperial palace in China is gold and red, and the palace in Korea is blue and white.
In fact, this is a misunderstanding of the lack of understanding of the "hierarchy" of the Ming Empire. Gyeongbokgung Palace is the existing royal palace of Lee Dynasty in Korea. It was built strictly according to the system of the Ming Empire.
During the Ming Empire, the Joseon Dynasty belonged to a vassal state, and the status of the king of Joseon was considered a "vassal king". Therefore, the palace of the vassal king must follow the specifications of the vassal king.
Gold roofs and red walls are not allowed.
In various parts of China, there are still many palaces of vassal kings from the Ming Dynasty.
這是韓國首爾的一座歷史建筑——景福宮
有人會(huì)貼出照片說：不一樣，中國的故宮大，韓國的小，中國的故宮是金色和紅色的，韓國的是藍(lán)色和白色的。
其實(shí)這是對(duì)明帝國“等級(jí)制度”不了解的誤解。景福宮是韓國現(xiàn)存的李朝王宮，嚴(yán)格按照明朝制度修建。
明朝時(shí)期，古朝鮮屬于藩屬國，朝鮮國王的地位屬于“藩王”，所以藩王的宮殿必須按照藩王的規(guī)格建造，
不能金頂紅墻。
中國各地至今還保留著許多明代藩王的宮殿。
Someone will post a photo and say: It's not the same. China's imperial palace is bigger, Korea's is smaller. The imperial palace in China is gold and red, and the palace in Korea is blue and white.
In fact, this is a misunderstanding of the lack of understanding of the "hierarchy" of the Ming Empire. Gyeongbokgung Palace is the existing royal palace of Lee Dynasty in Korea. It was built strictly according to the system of the Ming Empire.
During the Ming Empire, the Joseon Dynasty belonged to a vassal state, and the status of the king of Joseon was considered a "vassal king". Therefore, the palace of the vassal king must follow the specifications of the vassal king.
Gold roofs and red walls are not allowed.
In various parts of China, there are still many palaces of vassal kings from the Ming Dynasty.
這是韓國首爾的一座歷史建筑——景福宮
有人會(huì)貼出照片說：不一樣，中國的故宮大，韓國的小，中國的故宮是金色和紅色的，韓國的是藍(lán)色和白色的。
其實(shí)這是對(duì)明帝國“等級(jí)制度”不了解的誤解。景福宮是韓國現(xiàn)存的李朝王宮，嚴(yán)格按照明朝制度修建。
明朝時(shí)期，古朝鮮屬于藩屬國，朝鮮國王的地位屬于“藩王”，所以藩王的宮殿必須按照藩王的規(guī)格建造，
不能金頂紅墻。
中國各地至今還保留著許多明代藩王的宮殿。
This picture is of the Muwang Mansion in Yunnan Province.
We will find that the architectural style and shape of Gyeongbokgung Palace in Korea and the vassal palaces of the Ming Empire are actually the same.
Carefully observe the emperor's palace and the palace of the vassals, and you will find that the Ming Empire has strict hierarchical constraints:
The emperor's palace is a golden roof, and the king's palace is blue;
The emperor's palace is located on the three-story platform, and the vassal king is only allowed to use the second floor;
The emperor's palace has three passages: the middle one is used by the emperor, and the side is used by the ministers.
There is only one passage to the palace of the vassal king.
此圖為云南木王府。
我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，韓國景福宮和明帝國藩王宮殿的建筑風(fēng)格和形制，其實(shí)是一樣的。
仔細(xì)觀察皇帝的宮殿與藩王的宮殿，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)明帝國有著嚴(yán)格的等級(jí)制約：
皇帝的宮殿為金頂，國王的宮殿為青色；
皇帝的宮殿位于三層臺(tái)基上，藩王只能使用第二層；
皇帝的宮殿有三條通道，中間一條是皇帝使用的，側(cè)面一條是大臣使用的。
只有一條通道通往藩王的宮殿。
We will find that the architectural style and shape of Gyeongbokgung Palace in Korea and the vassal palaces of the Ming Empire are actually the same.
Carefully observe the emperor's palace and the palace of the vassals, and you will find that the Ming Empire has strict hierarchical constraints:
The emperor's palace is a golden roof, and the king's palace is blue;
The emperor's palace is located on the three-story platform, and the vassal king is only allowed to use the second floor;
The emperor's palace has three passages: the middle one is used by the emperor, and the side is used by the ministers.
There is only one passage to the palace of the vassal king.
此圖為云南木王府。
我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，韓國景福宮和明帝國藩王宮殿的建筑風(fēng)格和形制，其實(shí)是一樣的。
仔細(xì)觀察皇帝的宮殿與藩王的宮殿，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)明帝國有著嚴(yán)格的等級(jí)制約：
皇帝的宮殿為金頂，國王的宮殿為青色；
皇帝的宮殿位于三層臺(tái)基上，藩王只能使用第二層；
皇帝的宮殿有三條通道，中間一條是皇帝使用的，側(cè)面一條是大臣使用的。
只有一條通道通往藩王的宮殿。
The emperor's palace with 10 pillars on the front.
The palace of the vassal king, only 6 or 8
If you can be there in person, you will find differences in many other details. Even some artistic decorations, such as dragon claws, are different between those used by emperors and those used by vassal kings.
Therefore, the imperial buildings in ancient Korea were actually built strictly following the Ming Empire’s system, and were originally a copy of the Ming Empire’s architecture on the Korean Peninsula.
皇帝的宮殿正面有10根柱子。
藩王的宮殿只有6根或8根
如果你能親臨現(xiàn)場，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多細(xì)節(jié)上都有差異，甚至一些藝術(shù)裝飾，比如龍爪，皇帝用的和藩王用的也不同。
因此，古代朝鮮的皇家建筑，實(shí)際上是嚴(yán)格遵循明朝制度建造的，原本就是明朝建筑的翻版。
The palace of the vassal king, only 6 or 8
If you can be there in person, you will find differences in many other details. Even some artistic decorations, such as dragon claws, are different between those used by emperors and those used by vassal kings.
Therefore, the imperial buildings in ancient Korea were actually built strictly following the Ming Empire’s system, and were originally a copy of the Ming Empire’s architecture on the Korean Peninsula.
皇帝的宮殿正面有10根柱子。
藩王的宮殿只有6根或8根
如果你能親臨現(xiàn)場，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多細(xì)節(jié)上都有差異，甚至一些藝術(shù)裝飾，比如龍爪，皇帝用的和藩王用的也不同。
因此，古代朝鮮的皇家建筑，實(shí)際上是嚴(yán)格遵循明朝制度建造的，原本就是明朝建筑的翻版。
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Sir, you forgot to mention the most crucial point, the scale
The Chinese palace is in the Forbidden City, and its area is more than four times that of Gyeongbokgung Palace. When I visited, the tour guide said that it was not even the original Ming Dynasty version, but a reconstruction in the Qing Dynasty. The original version is 30% larger! Almost as big as a football field
先生，你忘記提到了最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)，規(guī)模
中國那座宮殿在紫禁城內(nèi)，他的面積是景福宮的四倍以上。我去訪問時(shí)，導(dǎo)游小姐說那甚至不是明朝的原版，而是清朝重建的。原版要大30%！幾乎有一個(gè)足球場那么大
Thanks, I have learned more.
I always thought it was from the Ming Dynasty because my tour guide told me that the Forbidden City was a palace built by the Ming Empire.
謝謝，我增加了知識(shí)
我一直以為它是明朝的，因?yàn)槲业膶?dǎo)游告訴我紫禁城是明帝國建造的宮殿
This is amazing! Very informative! I would also love to know the difference between Vietnamese and Chinese architectures as well, since there's no English information for that anywhere
這太棒了！非常有信息量！我也很想知道越南和中國建筑之間的區(qū)別，因?yàn)槟壳皼]有任何英文資料介紹這個(gè)內(nèi)容。
If Vietnam was once a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty, why did the Vietnamese royal palace use a yellow roof?
如果說越南曾經(jīng)是明朝的藩屬國，為什么越南的皇宮使用了黃色的屋頂？
Me too! As much as I’d love to be the one to answer that though, I’m afraid my knowledge on most things premodern Vietnam to be lacking. Tran Minh Ngocmight be a good person to ask about it though. They write a lot of stuff on China and Vietnam.
我也是！雖然我很愿意回答這個(gè)問題，但我擔(dān)心自己對(duì)前現(xiàn)代越南的知識(shí)有限。Tran Minh Ngoc可能是一個(gè)值得咨詢的人。他們寫了很多關(guān)于中國和越南的內(nèi)容。
In ancient China, there was a word to describe this phenomenon: exceeding the rules
Some ministers and vassal kings improved their clothing, ceremonial guards, buildings and etiquette specifications without the emperor’s knowledge. Due to inconvenient transportation or long distances, the central government did not notice.
The Royal Palace of Vietnam was built during the Nguyen Dynasty, when China was in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty did not have strong control over Vietnam, and it was basically just a nominal vassal relationship.
The outer palace of the Hue Royal Palace uses a green roof, and the inner palace uses a yellow roof, which vividly reflects the thoughts of the last dynasty of Vietnam on this issue:
To China, I am just a king; in Vietnam, I am an emperor
在中國古代，有一個(gè)詞形容這種現(xiàn)象：‘逾制’
一些大臣和藩王，在皇帝不知情的情況下提升了自己的服裝、儀仗、建筑和禮儀規(guī)格。由于交通不便或距離過遠(yuǎn)，中央政府沒有覺察。
越南的皇宮是阮朝時(shí)期建設(shè)的，此時(shí)的中國處于清朝。清朝對(duì)越南的控制力度不強(qiáng)，基本上只是名義上的附屬關(guān)系。
順化王宮的外層宮殿使用綠色屋頂，內(nèi)層使用黃色屋頂，生動(dòng)的體現(xiàn)了越南最后一個(gè)王朝在這個(gè)問題上的想法：
對(duì)中國，我只是王；在越南，我是皇帝
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Buddhist stupa is actually from Nepal. The history of stupa pre-dates Buddhism, it goes back to Indo-Europeans in Anatolia region.
中國佛教塔實(shí)際上來源于尼泊爾。佛教塔的歷史早于佛教，它可以追溯到安納托利亞地區(qū)的印歐人。
I did not know that. Thanks for sharing.
Japan also has many buildings similar to those in China. They have a kind of tall castle, which China does not have.
我不知道這一點(diǎn)。謝謝分享。
日本也有許多建筑和中國類似。他們有一種高大的城堡，中國并沒有
Just a question, how fire proof were the plasters on Japanese castles? Would they withstand attacks by things such as Greek fires? Also are the roofs also tiled and fire proof too?
只是有個(gè)問題，日本城堡的灰泥防火效果如何？它們能否抵御希臘火等攻擊？屋頂是否也有瓦片，并且防火呢？
譯注：希臘火是一種古代燃燒彈，使用油脂作為可燃物
I’m not sure how to gauge that because it really depends on the quality of the plaster and how thick the layer was. Plaster doesn’t exactly make buildings fireproof, but makes them more resistant. I’m not sure how Greek Fire could be employed against a Japanese castle, but if the wall of the castle was doused in a flammable substance that was sparked, it might take several hours for the fire to really spread beyond the exposed section, giving the defenders enough time to put the fire out.
Roof tiles, to my knowledge, were made of a type of clay, which itself is fairly resistant to fires.
我不確定怎么評(píng)估，因?yàn)檫@真的取決于灰泥的質(zhì)量和厚度?；夷嗖⒉荒芡耆菇ㄖ锓阑?，但能提高其耐火性。我不確定希臘火是如何對(duì)付日本城堡的，但如果城堡的墻壁被灑上了可燃物并點(diǎn)燃了火，火勢可能需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)才能真正蔓延到裸露的部分，這樣防御者就有足夠的時(shí)間撲滅火焰。
根據(jù)我的了解，屋頂瓦片是用一種粘土制成的，這種粘土本身對(duì)火災(zāi)有一定的抵抗力。
Well I mean it wouldn’t be that hard to move the contraption mounted under a cart with roofing and protection near the buildings, or the Greek Fire could be launched from an onager or trebuchet in a pot.
我意思是，把裝置放在車下并加裝屋頂和保護(hù)措施靠近建筑物應(yīng)該不難，或者可以通過投石機(jī)或弩車發(fā)射希臘火。
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I didn’t realize Greek Fire could be launched like that, though I can’t say I know much about it.
Interesting, but remember that most sat on large stone bases and had many gates that one would have to go through to get to them. Very likely, the defenders would be able to rain death on the cart before it could get close enough. I’m not saying it would be impossible, but it would be more or less a suicide mission.
我沒意識(shí)到希臘火可以這樣發(fā)射，不過我對(duì)它了解不多。
有趣的是，但要記住大多數(shù)城堡坐落在大型石基上，并且有許多門需要通過。很可能防御者能夠在車接近之前對(duì)其進(jìn)行攻擊。我并不是說這不可能，但這基本上是一次自殺任務(wù)。
Bookmarked!
已收藏！
me too
我也是
Its also important to mention that Japan’s original pagodas (such as the Horyu-ji) were all built by Baekje Buddhists (as said in the Nihon Shoki).
還要提到的是，日本的原始塔（例如法隆寺）都是由百濟(jì)（來自古朝鮮）佛教徒建造的（如《日本書紀(jì)》中所述）。
Somehow in writing this, I completely forgot about Horyu-ji. Though I was trying to emphasis the difference, I might tweak that section a bit.
在寫這個(gè)時(shí)，我完全忘記了法隆寺。雖然我試圖強(qiáng)調(diào)差異，但我可能會(huì)稍微修改那部分內(nèi)容。
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Great answer. As someone who has stayed in both Japanese and Korean traditional houses, I really must vote for the ondol. I froze my ass in Japan, but was quite comfortable in Korea.
I stayed in a traditional Korean farmhouse heated with the old school wood firebox. Once those heavy stone slabs over the fire are warm they stay warm, and the thick earthen walls hold the heat.
很好的回答。作為一個(gè)曾經(jīng)住過日本和韓國傳統(tǒng)房屋的人，我真的要支持溫暖的地暖。我在日本感到非常寒冷，但在韓國卻很舒適。
我住在一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的韓國農(nóng)舍里，用的是老式木爐取暖。一旦那些重石板變熱，它們就會(huì)保持溫暖，而且厚重的土墻能保持熱量。
In the Japanese house, the walls were one board thick with some sort of paper mache applied to it. The wall cut the wind somewhat, but there were plenty of cracks letting in the cold draft. The only heat was a electric kotatsu, so basically it was the same temperature inside as out. Fortunately I'm a warm sleeper, so with enough futons and quilts it wasn't bad once the bed warmed up.
這是在東南部的洛東江附近。
在日本的房子里，墻壁只有一塊木板厚，上面涂有某種紙漿。墻壁在一定程度上擋風(fēng)，但有很多裂縫讓冷風(fēng)吹進(jìn)來。唯一的暖氣是電爐被爐，所以室內(nèi)外的溫度基本相同。幸運(yùn)的是，我是個(gè)愛熱生活的人，所以只要有足夠的被褥，一旦床暖和了就不算太差。
The palace in Seoul is a wonderful refuge from the hustle and bustle of the city. I used to go there sometimes to decompress in the splendid gardens. I suppose that would be another answer in itself - a book really - about the differences in gardens between the three nations.
早晨起床真是一場噩夢……這是在本州中部的加利水瓦附近。
首爾的宮殿是一個(gè)很好的避開城市喧囂的地方。我以前有時(shí)會(huì)去那里，在華麗的花園中放松。我想這本身就是一個(gè)答案——一本書——講述三國花園之間的區(qū)別。
Thank you for the tremendous labor and judgment that you put into this. Very helpful and informative - the basis of a book, I would think.
感謝你付出的巨大努力和判斷。這非常有幫助和信息量——我認(rèn)為這是一本書的基礎(chǔ)。
This is such a cool answer. Thanks!
這是一個(gè)非常棒的回答。謝謝！
Wow that was a lot of work. I can tell you love the architecture. I learned a lot.
哇，這真是費(fèi)了不少功夫。我能看出你對(duì)建筑充滿熱愛。我學(xué)到了很多。
marvelous amazing Mr. Aya, you even understand architecture!
精彩絕倫 Aya先生你連建筑都懂！
Wow. You are very knowledgeable on East Asian architecture. I am very impressed. I am sorry to ask, but do you think you can share your thoughts on Mongolian (including Inner Mongolia), Ti...an/Bhutanese, and Vietnamese architecture? These countries seem to also share very similar yet unique styles…
哇，你對(duì)東亞建筑非常了解。我很佩服。抱歉打擾了，你能分享一下你對(duì)蒙古（包括內(nèi)蒙古）、藏族/不丹族和越南建筑的看法嗎？這些國家似乎也有非常相似但又獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格……
Wow… thanks so much. Bookmarked.
哇……非常感謝。已收藏。
A lot of insight and great illustrations.. Amazing answer!
非常有見地和很棒的插圖……驚人的回答！
Amazing answer, will be looking out for these next time I go to East Asia!
精彩的回答，下次去東亞時(shí)會(huì)留意這些！
Absolutely fascinating!
絕對(duì)令人著迷！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Worth reading til the end! Will definitely check out these features on future trips to East Asia
值得讀到最后！未來去東亞時(shí)一定會(huì)查看這些特點(diǎn)。
Wonderful answer! However, I think for China, there are a lot of different styles that has been overlooked since it is an enormous country. For example, the ancient architecture of WU culture (吳文化) near Shanghai has been overlooked and they do look very similar to Japanese architectures. Rumor has it that the Royal family of Japan were actually defeated Royalties of 吳國 (Kingdom of Wu) after Qin Shi Huang unified China.
精彩的回答！不過，我認(rèn)為中國有很多不同的風(fēng)格被忽視了，因?yàn)橹袊且粋€(gè)非常大的國家。例如，靠近上海的吳文化的古代建筑被忽視了，它們看起來與日本建筑非常相似。傳聞稱，日本皇室實(shí)際上是在秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國后打敗了吳國的皇室。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
I don’t doubt that I overlooked a lot of Chinese architectural styles, and while I would have loved to discuss all of them, doing so would have forced me to produce the equivalent of a masters thesis without the reward of a degree.
Much about the origin of Japan's royal family is shrouded in mystery, and I think they want to keep it that way. But that is an interesting theory, one I might look into myself if I have the time.
我懷疑我訪問中國時(shí)忽略了很多中國建筑風(fēng)格，雖然我很愿意討論所有這些，但這樣做會(huì)迫使我寫出相當(dāng)于碩士論文的內(nèi)容，而沒有獲得學(xué)位的回報(bào)。
關(guān)于日本皇室的起源有很多神秘的地方，我認(rèn)為他們希望保持這種狀態(tài)。但這是一個(gè)有趣的理論，如果有時(shí)間，我可能會(huì)自己去研究一下。
hey, i have a question abt the korean dancheong thing, i’ve actually seen it on multiple Chinese architecture, even the mongolian ones….
so the fact abt it being predate Chinese influence idk abt that………
I might just be wrong and might have confused the dancheong but Its pretty common in Chinese architecture….
嘿，我有一個(gè)關(guān)于韓國丹青的問題，我實(shí)際上在多種中國建筑上看到了它，甚至在蒙古建筑上也見過……
所以關(guān)于它早于中國影響的說法我不太清楚……
我可能錯(cuò)了，也可能混淆了丹青和其他，但在中國建筑中很常見……
譯注：丹青是中國古代建筑房梁和斗拱上的彩繪，并非是韓國的
Thank you for this excellent analysis^^. Its also Bookmarked in my case ;-)
感謝你的出色分析^^。在我的情況下也已收藏 ;-)
This was so informative that it tricked me into thinking I was on some other website or article saying about differences in east Asian homes
這條信息量如此大，以至于讓我以為我在其他網(wǎng)站或文章上閱讀有關(guān)東亞建筑差異的內(nèi)容
Bookmarked! Will read when I get a bit more time…
已收藏！有時(shí)間會(huì)讀……
Thanks for the in-depth research…fascinating overview. Great paper for referencing when I visit Seoul in August!
感謝你深入的研究……迷人的概述。是我8月去首爾時(shí)的很好的參考資料！
This is the most informative, well-organized collection of information about the comparative architectural styles of China, Korea, and Japan! I agree with another commenter that this could be the beginning of a book!
There are few things that I’d like to humbly add to your comprehensive and detailed post.
Little is known about Korean wooden pagoda architecture because of the numerous foreign invasions that burned down most structures. Early Silla pagodas were indeed very grand in scale, with narrow overhanging eaves. Hwangryongsawas a Silla state-sponsored temple that was originally meant to be a palace, so the scale of the temple buildings, as well as the pagoda in the temple - the center of the state-sponsored religion - was gigantic for its time.
這是關(guān)于中國、韓國和日本比較建筑風(fēng)格的最有信息量、組織良好的資料集合！我同意另一位評(píng)論者的觀點(diǎn)，這可能是一本書的開端！
我想在你全面而詳細(xì)的帖子中謙虛地補(bǔ)充一些內(nèi)容。
關(guān)于韓國木塔建筑的了解不多，因?yàn)榻?jīng)歷了許多外國入侵，許多建筑被焚毀。早期的新羅塔確實(shí)規(guī)模宏大，檐口狹窄。黃龍寺是一個(gè)新羅國有寺廟，最初是為了作為皇宮而建的，因此寺廟建筑的規(guī)模，以及寺廟中的塔——國家宗教的中心——在當(dāng)時(shí)是巨大的。
然而，百濟(jì)的木塔與法隆寺相似，如果是百濟(jì)建筑師建造的，那是可以理解的。我所知道的唯一一個(gè)百濟(jì)木塔是根據(jù)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)重建的，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)與日本寺廟的結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是法隆寺的結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同或非常相似。然而，韓國考古學(xué)家/建筑師必須前往日本，研究法隆寺的細(xì)節(jié)，以更好地了解百濟(jì)的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)如何組合成最終的塔。因此，從法隆寺進(jìn)行的塔和寺廟的反向工程，即所謂的“薩比”，使得難以確定是否有一些
Similar to the Kyoto style, the scale is smaller than the Silla style, the structure is 4-sided, and the eaves have a very subtle taper, which is consistent with contemporaneous Paekche stone pagodas. The eaves are also much wider than seen in Silla pagodas.
Few original wooden pagodas remain in Korea. Over 30 years ago, I remember reading books in Harvard Yancheng Library that showed old photographs of some smaller-scale wooden pagodas from the Chosun Dynasty. They were smaller than the Sabi reconstruction, but they had a similar 4-sided construction using the same bracketing system. Unfortunately, when the pictures were taken during the Japanese occupation, the pagodas were in a miserably dilapidated state. To my knowledge, none of those pagodas currently exist.
日本元素被重新引入到薩比塔的重建中。盡管如此，密切的關(guān)系是不容否認(rèn)的。
薩比寺廟和塔
與京都風(fēng)格類似，薩比塔的規(guī)模小于新羅風(fēng)格，結(jié)構(gòu)為四面體，檐口有非常微妙的收縮，這與同時(shí)期的百濟(jì)石塔一致。檐口也比新羅塔的檐口寬得多。
在韓國，原始的木塔所剩無幾。30多年前，我記得在哈佛燕京圖書館讀到的一些書展示了古朝鮮時(shí)期的小規(guī)模木塔的舊照片。它們比薩比重建的塔要小，但使用相同的支撐系統(tǒng)有類似的四面結(jié)構(gòu)。不幸的是，在日本占領(lǐng)期間拍攝的這些照片中，塔處于極其破敗的狀態(tài)。據(jù)我所知，這些塔現(xiàn)在沒有一座存在。
在住宅建筑方面，也許是因?yàn)槿毡竞晚n國保持了基于地板的生活方式，而中國則改變?yōu)樽酪紊?，這種共享的日常生活方式可能是他們住宅建筑之間一些基本相似之處的原因。房間較小，裝飾元素的位置也低，因?yàn)榈匕迳系纳?。正如你所提到的，日本和韓國的房間通常是多功能的，小型地板家具可以根據(jù)活動(dòng)輕松更換。日本的滑動(dòng)門比中國和韓國的要多，但我估計(jì)韓國的滑動(dòng)門使用介于日本和中國之間。
Examples of Ondol and Wood-floored Rooms Combined by Opening, Lifting, or Removing Doors
Thanks again for your great answer. I always enjoy your posts.
然而，靈活的空間是一個(gè)共同的建筑概念。在韓國房屋中，空間通過滑動(dòng)門以及雙開門的組合進(jìn)行修改，這些門水平擺動(dòng)，然后向上擺動(dòng)到天花板上，完全去除門/墻來結(jié)合房間。有時(shí)這會(huì)結(jié)合幾個(gè)木地板房間、幾個(gè)暖炕房間，或有時(shí)兩者的組合。相比之下，由于所有日本地板都覆蓋著榻榻米，通過移除紙拉門創(chuàng)建的大空間看起來比韓國房屋更統(tǒng)一、更連貫。這里有一些韓國房屋內(nèi)部的例子，展示了通過打開、抬起或移除門來將較小的房間合并成較大的房間，或簡單地打開房屋以通風(fēng)。
再次感謝你的精彩回答。我總是很享受你的帖子。
Your answer is also very good.
But you ignore the differences in the eras of Chinese architecture.
"Evolved to living with tables and chairs" only applies to Chinese architecture after the Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty and earlier China, they adopted the floor living model just like Japan and South Korea.
你的回答同樣非常好
但是你忽略了中國建筑的時(shí)代差別
‘進(jìn)化到桌椅生活’這只適用于宋朝之后的中國建筑，在唐朝和更早的中國，他們和日本、韓國一樣采用地板生活模式
This is the type of answer that keeps quora alive mate! What a fantastic read, thank you very much for typing it up. Bookmarked for future reference.
這就是讓Quora保持活力的回答！這是一次極好的閱讀體驗(yàn)，非常感謝你寫下它。已收藏以備將來參考。
Amazing article! So informative! I’ve learnt a lot today! Thank you!!!
精彩的文章！非常有信息量！今天學(xué)到了很多！謝謝?。?！
For some reason, that building with the very curved rooftop makes me think that it could have been designed by a very ‘hip’ architect of the times:
Hip architect: And we’ll have curvy roofs! Very, very curvy roofs!
Builder: But sir, isn’t that too extreme?
Hip architect: What do you know? This will set the trend for decades! It’ll go down in the designers history books!
Builder: If you say so…
不知為何，那座屋頂非常彎曲的建筑讓我覺得可能是由一位非?！皶r(shí)髦”的建筑師設(shè)計(jì)的：
時(shí)髦建筑師：我們要有彎曲的屋頂！非常非常彎曲的屋頂！
建筑工人：但是先生，這是不是太極端了？
時(shí)髦建筑師：你懂什么？這將成為幾十年的趨勢！它將載入設(shè)計(jì)師的歷史書！
建筑工人：如果你這么說……
the big curvatures on the eaves of some of the Chinese buildings is due to its latitude in relation to the sun. You typically see these curved eaves on Southern Chinese traditional buildings, and that is because it’s nearer to the equator which means the sun shines more straight down from above, so the southern Chinese curled up the edges of the eaves to allow more sunlight into the building. Hope that helps! :)
一些中國建筑檐口的大彎曲是由于它相對(duì)于太陽的緯度。你通常會(huì)在南方中國傳統(tǒng)建筑中看到這些彎曲的檐口，這是因?yàn)樗拷嗟?，意味著陽光更直接地從上方照射，所以南方中國人把檐口的邊緣卷曲起來，以允許更多陽光進(jìn)入建筑。希望這有幫助！ :)
Interesting, thanks for sharing
有趣，謝謝分享
Thank you
謝謝
This is japanese temple.
You can see frxs in roof,
And This is Chinese palace in beijing.
We can see columns directly connected to the roof.
這是日本的寺廟。
你可以看到屋頂中的框架，
這是北京的中國宮殿。
我們可以看到柱子直接連接到屋頂。
圖略
So Chinese buildings height was often limited by tallest available column.
Which caused Chinese palaces getting smaller over time, as they built palaces faster than trees growing pace.
In conclusion japanese used frx in roof cleverly to build very large wooden structures with smaller trees.
Which mean that japanese were more efficient
更高的柱子是支撐宮殿較高部分所必需的。
因此，中國建筑的高度通常受限于可用的最高柱子。
這導(dǎo)致中國宮殿隨著時(shí)間的推移變得越來越小，因?yàn)樗麄兘ㄔ鞂m殿的速度超過了樹木的生長速度。
總之，日本人巧妙地使用屋頂框架，利用較小的樹木建造非常大的木結(jié)構(gòu)。
這意味著日本人在效率上更高
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
You are wrong. Roofs are not the key to Chinese architecture. In fact, the roofs of Chinese Tang Dynasty buildings were very large. In the Ming Dynasty, the roofs were reduced and the living space was expanded. This is a sign of architectural progress.
Remember: buildings are for people to live in.
It takes a lot of wood to make huge roofs. This is an obsolete building method in China. If you visit Tang Dynasty buildings in Shanxi, China, you will find that their structures are exactly the same as those of Japanese buildings.
So, the roof frx of Japan actually comes from China
你錯(cuò)了，屋頂并不是中國建筑追求的關(guān)鍵。實(shí)際上中國唐代建筑的屋頂很大，到了明代屋頂被縮小，而居住空間被擴(kuò)大，這是建筑進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。
記住：建筑是給人居住的
耗費(fèi)大量的木材來制作巨大的屋頂，這在中國是被淘汰的建筑方式。你去參觀中國山西的唐代建筑，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們和日本建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)完全一樣。
所以，日本的屋頂框架其實(shí)來自中國
Excellent. Only sorry I could only give you one up vote
太棒了。只是遺憾我只能給你一個(gè)贊
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
True, but that probably would have required a few weeks more research and 5 more pages outta me! I’ll be on the look out for someone else to answer that one.
確實(shí)，但這可能需要我再花幾周時(shí)間研究，再寫5頁！我會(huì)留意其他人回答這個(gè)問題的。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Here’s a couple, hope that this helps.
Tim Tran's answer to Has China influenced traditional architecture in Southeast Asia? If so, in which countries?
Tim Tran's answer to Which Chinese dynasty is Vietnamese traditional architecture closest to?
這里有幾個(gè)，希望能幫到你。
Tim Tran 對(duì)于“中國是否影響了東南亞傳統(tǒng)建筑？如果是，在哪些國家？”的回答
Tim Tran 對(duì)于“哪一個(gè)中國朝代的建筑風(fēng)格最接近越南傳統(tǒng)建筑？”的回答
Indeed :O That’s one beast of an anwser!
確實(shí) :那真是一個(gè)大回答！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Courtyard house is popular in the west too. It can go back to Sumerian house. French one is probably Roman influence.
庭院式住宅在西方也很流行。它可以追溯到蘇美爾房屋。法國的庭院房屋可能受到羅馬影響。
I can’t say I know for sure, but I don’t think they had any drainage system included. If I were to guess even further, it likely wasn’t necessary. Only the courtyard was really exposed to the elements, and it seemed to be mostly bare ground, which could absorb the rainfall. All they’d really need is a high threshold for their doorways to keep the water out of the rooms, which they seemed to have.
Royal buildings are always built on high platforms, so there is no need to consider too many drainage issues!
我不能確定地說，但我不認(rèn)為它們有排水系統(tǒng)。如果我進(jìn)一步猜測，可能也不需要。只有庭院真正暴露在外部環(huán)境中，地面似乎大多是裸露的，可以吸收降雨。他們真正需要的只是一個(gè)高門檻，以防止水進(jìn)入房間，他們似乎有這個(gè)。
皇家建筑總是建設(shè)在高臺(tái)之上，這樣可以不需要考慮過多的排水問題！