英國的酒吧花園和戶外餐廳可能將禁止吸煙
Smoking could be banned in UK’s pub gardens and outdoor restaurants
譯文簡介
“按照這個邏輯，也許你也應(yīng)該戒酒？”——《衛(wèi)報》報道。
正文翻譯
Smoking could be banned in UK’s pub gardens and outdoor restaurants
-Leaked Whitehall documents reveal plans to extend indoor smoking ban to certain outside spaces, such as pub gardens
英國的酒吧花園和戶外餐廳可能將禁止吸煙
——泄露的白廳文件顯示，英國計劃將室內(nèi)禁煙擴(kuò)大到某些室外空間，比如酒吧花園
-Leaked Whitehall documents reveal plans to extend indoor smoking ban to certain outside spaces, such as pub gardens
英國的酒吧花園和戶外餐廳可能將禁止吸煙
——泄露的白廳文件顯示，英國計劃將室內(nèi)禁煙擴(kuò)大到某些室外空間，比如酒吧花園
(Labour is considering tighter restrictions on smokers in a tougher version of the previous government’s tobacco and vapes bill.)
（工黨正在考慮在上屆政府的煙草和電子煙法案的更嚴(yán)格版本中對吸煙者進(jìn)行更嚴(yán)格的限制。）
新聞：
Keir Starmer has not ruled out the idea of smoking being banned in some outdoor spaces, including pub gardens and outside restaurants, as ministers consider fresh tobacco curbs that hospitality groups say could adversely affect the sector.
英國首相凱爾·斯塔默并未排除在一些戶外場所禁止吸煙的想法，包括酒吧花園和餐廳戶外。目前，大臣們正在考慮新的煙草限制措施，酒店集團(tuán)稱這可能對該行業(yè)產(chǎn)生不利影響。
英國首相凱爾·斯塔默并未排除在一些戶外場所禁止吸煙的想法，包括酒吧花園和餐廳戶外。目前，大臣們正在考慮新的煙草限制措施，酒店集團(tuán)稱這可能對該行業(yè)產(chǎn)生不利影響。
It is understood Downing Street is in favour of a series of measures outlined in documents connected to the planned wider tobacco and vapes bill, details of which were seen by the Sun.
據(jù)了解，唐寧街支持計劃中的更廣泛的煙草和電子煙法案相關(guān)的文件中概述的一系列措施，《太陽報》看到了這些措施的細(xì)節(jié)。
據(jù)了解，唐寧街支持計劃中的更廣泛的煙草和電子煙法案相關(guān)的文件中概述的一系列措施，《太陽報》看到了這些措施的細(xì)節(jié)。
The bill would gradually make all smoking illegal by prohibiting the sale of tobacco to people born on or after January 2009, an idea first proposed in the UK by Rishi Sunak’s government, and taken on by Labour.
該法案將通過禁止向2009年1月或之后出生的人出售煙草，逐步將所有吸煙行為視為非法，這一想法最初是由英國首相理?！ぬK納克政府提出的，后來被工黨采納。
該法案將通過禁止向2009年1月或之后出生的人出售煙草，逐步將所有吸煙行為視為非法，這一想法最初是由英國首相理?！ぬK納克政府提出的，后來被工黨采納。
According to the Sun, it would also impose new restrictions on outdoor smoking, including outdoor spaces at, and pavements outside, clubs and restaurants, as well as at universities, children’s play areas and small parks.
據(jù)《太陽報》報道，它還將對室外吸煙實施新的限制，包括在室外空間、室外人行道、俱樂部和餐館，以及在大學(xué)、兒童游樂區(qū)和小型公園。
據(jù)《太陽報》報道，它還將對室外吸煙實施新的限制，包括在室外空間、室外人行道、俱樂部和餐館，以及在大學(xué)、兒童游樂區(qū)和小型公園。
Ministers could target vapers as well as shisha bars, it said. The restrictions would not cover private homes or large open spaces, such as parks, or streets.
報告稱，大臣們可以把電子煙和水煙酒吧作為打擊目標(biāo)。這些限制并不包括私人住宅或公園或街道等大型開放空間。
報告稱，大臣們可以把電子煙和水煙酒吧作為打擊目標(biāo)。這些限制并不包括私人住宅或公園或街道等大型開放空間。
As public health is devolved, the measures would apply to only England, with the other UK nations deciding if they wanted to follow suit.
隨著公共衛(wèi)生的權(quán)力下放，這些措施將只適用于英格蘭，其他英國國家將決定是否效仿。
隨著公共衛(wèi)生的權(quán)力下放，這些措施將只適用于英格蘭，其他英國國家將決定是否效仿。
Asked about the report during a visit to Paris, Starmer did not deny the plans. “My starting point on this is to remind everybody that over 80,000 people lose their lives every year because of smoking,” he said.
在訪問巴黎期間被問及該報告時，斯塔默沒有否認(rèn)這些計劃。他說：“我的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是提醒大家，每年有超過8萬人因吸煙而喪生?！?/b>
在訪問巴黎期間被問及該報告時，斯塔默沒有否認(rèn)這些計劃。他說：“我的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是提醒大家，每年有超過8萬人因吸煙而喪生?！?/b>
“That is a preventable death, it’s a huge burden on the NHS and, of course, it is a burden on the taxpayer. So, yes, we are going to take decisions in this space, more details will be revealed, but this is a preventable series of deaths and we’ve got to take action to reduce the burden on the NHS and the taxpayer.”
“這是一種可以預(yù)防的死亡，這是國家醫(yī)療體系的巨大負(fù)擔(dān)，當(dāng)然也是納稅人的負(fù)擔(dān)。所以，是的，我們將在這個領(lǐng)域做出決定，更多細(xì)節(jié)將被披露，但這是一系列可以預(yù)防的死亡，我們必須采取行動減輕國家醫(yī)療體系和納稅人的負(fù)擔(dān)。”
“這是一種可以預(yù)防的死亡，這是國家醫(yī)療體系的巨大負(fù)擔(dān)，當(dāng)然也是納稅人的負(fù)擔(dān)。所以，是的，我們將在這個領(lǐng)域做出決定，更多細(xì)節(jié)將被披露，但這是一系列可以預(yù)防的死亡，我們必須采取行動減輕國家醫(yī)療體系和納稅人的負(fù)擔(dān)。”
The prime minister added: “It is important to get the balance right, but everybody … who uses the NHS will know that it’s on its knees.”
首相補(bǔ)充說：“保持平衡很重要，但每個使用國家醫(yī)療體系的人都知道，它已經(jīng)崩潰了?！?/b>
首相補(bǔ)充說：“保持平衡很重要，但每個使用國家醫(yī)療體系的人都知道，它已經(jīng)崩潰了?！?/b>
While precise plans for the curbs are likely to change after consultations, it is understood that ministers are in favour of many of the suggested ideas to limit outdoor smoking.
雖然具體的禁煙計劃可能會在協(xié)商后改變，但據(jù)了解，大臣們贊成許多限制戶外吸煙的建議。
雖然具體的禁煙計劃可能會在協(xié)商后改變，但據(jù)了解，大臣們贊成許多限制戶外吸煙的建議。
Last month’s king’s speech, which set out the tobacco and vapes bill, detailed the gradual age ban but made no mention of an outdoor ban.
上個月，國王在演講中提出了煙草和電子煙法案，詳細(xì)介紹了逐步禁止年齡，但沒有提到戶外禁令。
上個月，國王在演講中提出了煙草和電子煙法案，詳細(xì)介紹了逐步禁止年齡，但沒有提到戶外禁令。
While health experts backed the proposals, the hospitality industry said it could particularly affect pubs, and anti-smoking groups said it was important to allow some outdoor spaces for smoking, so people did not simply smoke at home, which creates even more adverse health effects.
雖然健康專家支持這項提議，但酒店業(yè)表示，這對酒吧的影響尤其大，反吸煙組織表示，允許一些室外空間吸煙很重要，這樣人們就不會只是在家里吸煙，那樣會對健康產(chǎn)生更多的不利影響。
雖然健康專家支持這項提議，但酒店業(yè)表示，這對酒吧的影響尤其大，反吸煙組織表示，允許一些室外空間吸煙很重要，這樣人們就不會只是在家里吸煙，那樣會對健康產(chǎn)生更多的不利影響。
Dr Layla McCay, the director of policy at the NHS Confederation, said she was “heartened” to see progress being made on abolishing smoking.
蕾拉·麥凱博士是英國國民保健服務(wù)聯(lián)盟的政策主管，她說看到在廢除吸煙方面取得的進(jìn)展，她感到“振奮”。
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蕾拉·麥凱博士是英國國民保健服務(wù)聯(lián)盟的政策主管，她說看到在廢除吸煙方面取得的進(jìn)展，她感到“振奮”。
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She told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “It is absolutely the health challenge of our time. It’s the leading cause of preventable illness in the UK, so we are heartened to see that progress is being made and that the intention is moving forward to really address one of Britain’s main drivers of health inequalities.”
她在BBC廣播4頻道的《今日》節(jié)目中說：“這絕對是我們這個時代的健康挑戰(zhàn)。這是英國可預(yù)防疾病的主要原因，所以我們很高興看到正在取得進(jìn)展，我們的目的是真正解決英國健康不平等的主要驅(qū)動因素之一?！?/b>
她在BBC廣播4頻道的《今日》節(jié)目中說：“這絕對是我們這個時代的健康挑戰(zhàn)。這是英國可預(yù)防疾病的主要原因，所以我們很高興看到正在取得進(jìn)展，我們的目的是真正解決英國健康不平等的主要驅(qū)動因素之一?！?/b>
Kate Nicholls, the chief executive of UKHospitality, which represents thousands of pubs, restaurants and cafes, said a ban raised the prospect of “serious economic harm” to venues.
代表數(shù)千家酒吧、餐館和咖啡館的UKHospitality首席執(zhí)行官凱特·尼科爾斯表示，這項禁令可能會對酒吧造成“嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損害”。
代表數(shù)千家酒吧、餐館和咖啡館的UKHospitality首席執(zhí)行官凱特·尼科爾斯表示，這項禁令可能會對酒吧造成“嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損害”。
“You only have to look back to the significant pub closures we saw after the indoor smoking ban to see the potential impact it could have,” she said. Nicholls called on the government to hold a “detailed conversation” with affected parties on the impact of such a ban before any legislation was put in place.
她說：“你只需要回顧一下室內(nèi)禁煙后酒吧倒閉的情況，就能看到它可能產(chǎn)生的潛在影響。”尼科爾斯呼吁政府在立法之前與受影響的各方就此類禁令的影響進(jìn)行“詳細(xì)對話”。
她說：“你只需要回顧一下室內(nèi)禁煙后酒吧倒閉的情況，就能看到它可能產(chǎn)生的潛在影響。”尼科爾斯呼吁政府在立法之前與受影響的各方就此類禁令的影響進(jìn)行“詳細(xì)對話”。
William Lees-Jones, the head of JW Lees brewery, which owns and operates 150 pubs, inns and hotels mainly in north-west England and north Wales, said the idea was a “bolt from the blue” that had not been discussed with industry. He said it would be “really bad for business” and could “shut a lot of pubs”.
JW Lees啤酒廠的負(fù)責(zé)人威廉·里斯-瓊斯表示，這個想法是“晴天霹靂”，沒有與業(yè)界討論過。該啤酒廠擁有并經(jīng)營著150家酒吧、小旅館和酒店，主要分布在英格蘭西北部和威爾士北部。他說，這將“對生意非常不利”，可能會“關(guān)閉很多酒吧”。
JW Lees啤酒廠的負(fù)責(zé)人威廉·里斯-瓊斯表示，這個想法是“晴天霹靂”，沒有與業(yè)界討論過。該啤酒廠擁有并經(jīng)營著150家酒吧、小旅館和酒店，主要分布在英格蘭西北部和威爾士北部。他說，這將“對生意非常不利”，可能會“關(guān)閉很多酒吧”。
“People who smoke are pretty determined and will walk 10 yards down the road and smoke there, which will annoy other people,” he added.
他補(bǔ)充說：“吸煙的人非常堅定，他們會沿著這條路走10碼，然后在那里吸煙，這會惹惱其他人?！?/b>
他補(bǔ)充說：“吸煙的人非常堅定，他們會沿著這條路走10碼，然后在那里吸煙，這會惹惱其他人?！?/b>
However, Tim Martin, the boss of JD Wetherspoon, said he did not think a ban would have a “big effect” on business: “The question is whether the government should interfere in individual liberties, where danger is involved.”
然而，JD Wetherspoon的老板蒂姆·馬丁表示，他認(rèn)為禁令不會對商業(yè)產(chǎn)生“大影響”：“問題是政府是否應(yīng)該干預(yù)個人自由，因為這涉及到危險?！?/b>
然而，JD Wetherspoon的老板蒂姆·馬丁表示，他認(rèn)為禁令不會對商業(yè)產(chǎn)生“大影響”：“問題是政府是否應(yīng)該干預(yù)個人自由，因為這涉及到危險?！?/b>
A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Social Care said: “We do not comment on leaks. Smoking claims 80,000 lives a year, puts huge pressure on our NHS, and costs taxpayers billions. We are determined to protect children and non-smokers from the harms of secondhand smoking. We’re considering a range of measures to finally make Britain smoke-free.”
英國衛(wèi)生和社會保障部的一位發(fā)言人說：“我們不對泄露的消息發(fā)表評論。吸煙每年奪去8萬人的生命，給我們的國家醫(yī)療體系帶來巨大壓力，并花費(fèi)納稅人數(shù)十億美元。我們決心保護(hù)兒童和非吸煙者免受二手煙的危害。我們正在考慮采取一系列措施，最終使英國實現(xiàn)無煙。”
英國衛(wèi)生和社會保障部的一位發(fā)言人說：“我們不對泄露的消息發(fā)表評論。吸煙每年奪去8萬人的生命，給我們的國家醫(yī)療體系帶來巨大壓力，并花費(fèi)納稅人數(shù)十億美元。我們決心保護(hù)兒童和非吸煙者免受二手煙的危害。我們正在考慮采取一系列措施，最終使英國實現(xiàn)無煙。”
In 2007, under the Labour government, smoking in enclosed public places and workplaces was made illegal across the UK.
2007年，在工黨政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在封閉的公共場所和工作場所吸煙在英國被定為非法。
2007年，在工黨政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在封閉的公共場所和工作場所吸煙在英國被定為非法。
According to the charity Action on Smoking (Ash), in the year after the introduction of smoke-free laws there was a 2.4% reduction in hospital admissions for heart attacks in England, resulting in 12,000 fewer admissions to hospitals, which saved the NHS ￡8.4m in a year.
根據(jù)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)禁煙行動的數(shù)據(jù)，在禁煙法出臺后的一年中，英格蘭因心臟病發(fā)作而入院的人數(shù)減少了2.4%，入院人數(shù)減少了1.2萬人，這為國家醫(yī)療體系每年節(jié)省了840萬英鎊。
根據(jù)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)禁煙行動的數(shù)據(jù)，在禁煙法出臺后的一年中，英格蘭因心臟病發(fā)作而入院的人數(shù)減少了2.4%，入院人數(shù)減少了1.2萬人，這為國家醫(yī)療體系每年節(jié)省了840萬英鎊。
In the first year after the introduction of the indoor smoking ban there was a 12.3% reduction in hospital admissions for childhood asthma, equivalent to 6,803 fewer admissions over three years.
在實施室內(nèi)禁煙令后的第一年，兒童哮喘住院人數(shù)減少了12.3%，相當(dāng)于三年內(nèi)減少了6803人。
在實施室內(nèi)禁煙令后的第一年，兒童哮喘住院人數(shù)減少了12.3%，相當(dāng)于三年內(nèi)減少了6803人。
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This seems impossible but having a separate outdoor area for smoking and non smoking people seems a lot easier to enforce as well as being more palatable than this.
這似乎是不可能的，但為吸煙和不吸煙的人設(shè)立一個單獨(dú)的室外區(qū)域似乎更容易執(zhí)行，也比這更容易接受。
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The "garden" of my local is literally an allyway with some chairs in it, dividing that could be done but even then it wouldnt make a difference.
我家附近的“花園”實際上是一個放了一些椅子的小道，可以把它們分開，但即使這樣也不會有什么不同。（煙會飄散）
A lot of city pub beer gardens are like this and exist exclusively so that people can smoke. If smoking in them is banned, I've a feeling pubs will just stop offering them as beer gardens and make them de-facto public open spaces, where it'd be legal to smoke.
很多城市酒吧的啤酒花園都是這樣的，專門供人們吸煙。如果禁止在里面吸煙，我有一種感覺，酒吧將不再把它們當(dāng)作啤酒花園，而是把它們變成事實上的公共開放空間，在那里吸煙是合法的。
Everyone complaining about their inconvenience at smoking in pub gardens and that smokers should just quit smoking- well by that logic, maybe you should quit alcohol?
Pointless, utterly pointless policy. I can understand certain public areas but pub gardens should allow smoking. These are places that serve alcohol, the moral high ground is already lost.
每個人都在抱怨在酒吧花園里抽煙不方便，煙民應(yīng)該戒煙——按照這個邏輯，也許你也應(yīng)該戒酒？
無意義，毫無意義的政策。我能理解某些公共場所禁煙，但酒吧花園應(yīng)該允許吸煙。這些地方供應(yīng)酒精，道德制高點(diǎn)已經(jīng)失去了。
Why is everyone acting like this is the only issue Labour are working on? I’m sure not every single Labour MP is currently working on this, it’s just one small thing in the pipeline. I’m sure they have enough MPs to also be working on the bigger issues.
As for the change itself, nothing worse than being anywhere in public and having someone nearby bellow a plume of smoke that clouds everything I can see like a fucking steam train.
為什么每個人都表現(xiàn)得好像這是工黨唯一要解決的問題？我敢肯定不是每個工黨議員目前都在做這件事，這只是一件正在籌備中的小事。我相信他們有足夠的議員來處理更大的問題。
至于這個改變本身，沒有什么比在公共場合有人在旁邊咆哮一股煙就像一輛該死的蒸汽火車遮住了我能看到的一切更糟糕了。
I'm not a fan of being around people's smoke from cigarettes but a good amount of the time I can choose to move away from it. I agree that indoors I don't think they should allow it (only exception being if they have good secure smoke free areas for people to sit in and relax without the smoke coming through) but that's where I would draw the line. Anything more than that is too much.
我不喜歡和吸煙的人在一起，但很多時候我可以選擇遠(yuǎn)離吸煙。我同意在室內(nèi)禁煙，我認(rèn)為他們不應(yīng)該允許在室內(nèi)吸煙（除非他們有很好的安全無煙區(qū)，讓人們坐在那里放松，沒有煙霧飄過），但這就是我的底線。再多就太過分了。
I've said this elsewhere, but I actually think there's a much simpler explanation for this than anything that might be raised. Everyone will be taking about civil liberties, the cost of healthcare, the amount of tax smokers pay, the impact of second hand smoke, the practicality of enforcement, the impact on the viability of pubs as a business, and other related issues.
But I think it'll be popular for one simple reason; people don't like the smell.
And every argument about smoking is simply window-dressing for that basic gut reaction. People don't want to smell smoke (or weed, or vapes, or any other overwhelming aroma for that matter) when they're out socialising.
我在別的地方說過，但我認(rèn)為有一個更簡單的解釋。每個人都會談?wù)摴褡杂?、醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用、吸煙者繳納的稅款、二手煙的影響、執(zhí)法的實用性、對酒吧生存能力的影響以及其他相關(guān)問題。
但我認(rèn)為它會受歡迎的原因很簡單：人們不喜歡那種味道。
每一次關(guān)于吸煙的爭論都只是對基本的本能反應(yīng)的粉飾。當(dāng)人們外出社交時，他們不想聞到煙味（或大麻、電子煙或任何其他強(qiáng)烈的氣味）。
If it were just to be boiled down to that simple reason, then the solution is easy:
Smokers and people who don’t mind the smell can go to bars/pubs that choose to allow smoking outside.
People who don’t like the smell are free to go to places that don’t allow it.
如果將其歸結(jié)為這個簡單的原因，那么解決方案就很簡單：
吸煙者和不介意氣味的人可以去允許在外面吸煙的酒吧。
不喜歡這種氣味的人可以自由地去不允許這種氣味的地方。
But look at how much smoking rates dropped when we banned smoking in pubs/clubs. The fact is when smokers are disadvantaged and made to be more of an “out” group they tend to be more motivated to quit, which is better for everyone.
Disadvantage them as much as possible I say. I’ve lost a family member to a cancer likely helped along by her smoking and I don’t want others to suffer the same.
Sure people should be free to smoke if they really want to, but it shouldn’t be easy to do that in public places.
但看看我們在酒吧/俱樂部禁煙后吸煙率下降了多少。事實是，當(dāng)吸煙者處于不利地位，并成為一個“外出”群體時，他們往往更有動力戒煙，這對每個人都更好。
盡可能地讓他們處于不利地位。我失去了一位家庭成員，她患了癌癥，可能是因為她吸煙，我不想讓其他人也遭受同樣的痛苦。
當(dāng)然，如果人們真的想吸煙，他們應(yīng)該有吸煙的自由，但在公共場所吸煙不應(yīng)該那么容易。
I think the age increasing law will help significantly, but I think that combined with the high costs, is plenty enough.
There is a point where people just need to decide for themselves if they want to stop. And we have good support in the NHS to help quit. Vaping (though not the disposable ones) can also assist.
Beyond that, taking it to extremes is too invasive on people’s lives and freedoms. This proposed outdoor ban would be a massive step too far.
Also, I don’t see any attempts to stop people drinking alcohol and that can be just as harmful to drinkers and others around them.
我認(rèn)為增加（吸煙）年齡的法律會有很大的幫助，但我認(rèn)為這個政策再加上高成本，就已經(jīng)足夠了。
有一個點(diǎn)，人們只需要自己決定是否要停止。我們在國家醫(yī)療體系中得到了很好的支持，幫助我們戒煙。電子煙（盡管不是一次性的）也有幫助。
除此之外，采取極端做法對人們的生活和自由過于侵犯。這項提議的戶外禁令將是走得太遠(yuǎn)的一大步。
此外，我沒有看到任何阻止人們喝酒的嘗試，這對飲酒者和他們周圍的人都是有害的。
It's hard to say that the ban did that as the trend was falling massively anyway.
很難說禁令做到了這一點(diǎn)，因為這種趨勢無論如何都在大幅下降。
There was a large dip in the two years before the ban, true, but it combined with other measures meant that numbers kept falling dramatically for years. Plus the perception of smoking has completely changed.
It used to be almost that smoking was "cool" and people wanted to smoke just to be in that crowd, but now it's more of a gross thing that some people have to go off to the side to indulge in. I think we should do everything we can for it to be a marginal habit.
在禁令實施前的兩年里，這一數(shù)字確實出現(xiàn)了大幅下降，但它與其他措施相結(jié)合，意味著這一數(shù)字多年來一直在急劇下降。另外，人們對吸煙的看法已經(jīng)完全改變了。
過去，吸煙幾乎是一件很“酷”的事情，人們想要吸煙只是為了融入人群，但現(xiàn)在吸煙更像是一件惡心的事情，有些人不得不走遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)放縱自己。我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能讓它成為一個邊緣習(xí)慣。
I worked in pubs for 10 years during unreconstructed smoking in bars.
It was awful. Every night I came home to my parents house with the smell of smoking not only in my nose and my clothes but also in my hair and I think nostril hairs.
I don’t like smoking, but what are we really saying- that people who are doing something that human beings have done for thousands of years can’t even do it in a garden?
Is smoking really that bad?
Also, thanks for focusing on our health in our lungs in a situation when we are outside but for fuck‘s sake the rest of the country is on fire.
Can we please prioritise?
我在酒吧工作了10年，那段時期在酒吧里抽煙是主流習(xí)慣。
太可怕了。每天晚上，我回到父母家，不僅鼻子和衣服上都有煙味，頭發(fā)上也有煙味，我想鼻毛上也有。
我不喜歡吸煙，但我們真正想說的是——那些人做著人類已經(jīng)做了幾千年的事情，現(xiàn)在甚至在花園里也不能做嗎？
吸煙真的那么有害嗎？
還有，感謝你在我們外出的情況下關(guān)注我們肺部的健康，但是tmd，這個國家的其他地方都著火了。
我們能分清輕重緩急嗎？
Governments can multi task doing this does not mean they can’t fix the rest of the countey
政府可以同時多任務(wù)處理，但這并不意味著他們不能解決這個國家的其他問題。
Thousands of years? Cigarettes as we know them today are like a couple of hundred years old and are precision engineered to be as addictive as possible in every aspect. Most associations we have with smoking were entirely contrived by cigarette makers to make them seem ubiquitous so they could keep selling them. Tobacco was largely confined to ceremonial use(where it wasn't even inhaled directly) on the American continent until the Colombian exchange and only became the all consuming habit it is today when producers started curing it to make the smoke less harsh, allowing the smoker to inhale more deeply and absorb more nicotine.
幾千年？我們今天所知道的香煙有小幾百年的歷史，而且在各個方面都經(jīng)過精密的設(shè)計，盡可能地讓人上癮。我們對吸煙的大多數(shù)聯(lián)想完全是香煙制造商捏造出來的，他們讓香煙看起來無處不在，這樣他們就可以繼續(xù)銷售。在哥倫比亞交易之前，煙草在美洲大陸上主要局限于儀式使用（甚至不直接吸入），直到生產(chǎn)者開始將其加工以使煙霧不那么刺鼻，讓吸煙者能吸入更深，吸收更多的尼古丁后，才成為了今天所有人的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣。