為什么美國選舉中會有這么多年長的政治家？
Why The U.S. Elects So Many Older Politicians
譯文簡介
年齡和候選人活力的問題對2024年選舉產(chǎn)生了影響。與世界其他類似立法機構(gòu)相比，美國的立法者相對較老。資深的現(xiàn)任政治家在經(jīng)驗、生活情況和籌款能力方面通常具有優(yōu)勢，這可以增加他們連任的機會。同時，年長的官員可能會影響公共支出決策，從而在未來幾年內(nèi)塑造美國經(jīng)濟。
正文翻譯
The issues of age and candidate vitality are having an impact on the 2024 election. Lawmakers in the U.S. are relatively old when compared to similar legislative bodies around the world. Senior, incumbent politicians tend to have advantages when it comes to experience, life circumstance and fundraising abilities that can increase their odds of re-election. Meanwhile, the aging officials could influence public spending decisions that shape the U.S. economy for years to come.
年齡和候選人活力的問題對2024年選舉產(chǎn)生了影響。與世界其他類似立法機構(gòu)相比，美國的立法者相對較老。資深的現(xiàn)任政治家在經(jīng)驗、生活情況和籌款能力方面通常具有優(yōu)勢，這可以增加他們連任的機會。同時，年長的官員可能會影響公共支出決策，從而在未來幾年內(nèi)塑造美國經(jīng)濟。
評論翻譯
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Why are so many elderly in positions of power? Because power is a hell of a drug.
為什么這么多老人處于權(quán)力位置？因為權(quán)力就像一種致命的毒品。
Let me put my two cents worth in. The reason why this country has an issue with much older candidates is that the older generation don't want to step aside and allow room for the younger generation to have their hand at it. I equate this to selfishness. These older candidates don't want to retire and that's sad. They want to continue to drain the government of their paychecks instead of respectfully stepping aside. It all spells out selfishness to me.
讓我發(fā)表一點個人看法。這國家之所以有這么多年長的候選人，是因為老一代不愿意讓出位，給年輕一代留出空間。我認為這是自私的表現(xiàn)。這些年長的候選人不愿意退休，這很可悲。他們寧愿繼續(xù)從政府那里領(lǐng)取薪水，而不是尊重地讓位。這一切都顯得很自私。
"War is just a bunch of old men arguing, then sending young men to die "....that sums it up to why the u.s is always embroiled in so many wars .give the young lads a chance
“戰(zhàn)爭就是一群老人在爭論，然后派年輕人去戰(zhàn)死”……這總結(jié)了為什么美國總是卷入如此多的戰(zhàn)爭。給年輕人一個機會吧。
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It’s time for young people to stand up and engage in the political process. These old people are holding us back!
是時候讓年輕人站出來參與政治進程了。這些老人拖了我們的后腿！
There needs to be term limits and age limits
應(yīng)該設(shè)立任期限制和年齡限制。
Since there's an age floor to run for office, there should be a ceiling too.
既然有最低年齡限制來競選公職，那么也應(yīng)該設(shè)立最高年齡限制。
It's us. The voters, that's the problem. We keep voted old people who LITERALLY grew up in a completely different USA.
問題在于我們這些選民。我們不斷選舉那些真的成長于完全不同的美國的老年人。
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Less than 50% of people aged 18 - 24 are registered to vote. While more than 75% of people above the age of 55 are registered to vote. That's why politicians are old af. Cos while young people go to riots and protests, while old people go to the polling booths and party primaries.
18至24歲的人中不到50%注冊投票，而55歲以上的人中有超過75%注冊投票。這就是為什么政治家都很老的原因。因為年輕人參加抗議和示威，而老年人則去投票站和政黨初選。
They should all retire at 70, if they want to continue advisory roles are a thing. How do you expect a 80 year old to understand the problems of the 30-45 year olds that run the economy?
他們應(yīng)該在70歲退休，如果想繼續(xù)參與工作，可以擔任顧問角色。你怎么能指望80歲的人理解30到45歲那些掌握經(jīng)濟大權(quán)的人的問題呢？
One answer: Greed, the process isn’t set up to have people representing the future of the country. You need so much money from donors that make it pretty impossible to ever have a young candidate.
一個答案：貪婪，選舉過程并非為選出代表國家未來的人而設(shè)立。你需要從捐贈者那里獲得大量資金，因此幾乎不可能選出年輕的候選人。
Working for the people is NOT supposed to be a life time job
為人民服務(wù)不應(yīng)該是終身職業(yè)。
They are part of the generation who got rich, took power and closed the door behind them.
他們屬于富裕、掌權(quán)后就關(guān)上大門的一代人。
Can we just send them to retirement homes
我們能不能把他們送到養(yǎng)老院去？
Lack of term limits, party loyalty, gerrymandering, a toxic and broken primary system, and finally lazy voters who vote for who they know instead of learning who the new people are.
缺乏任期限制、黨派忠誠、選區(qū)劃分不公、破碎的初選系統(tǒng)，以及最后，懶惰的選民，他們投票給自己認識的人，而不是去了解新的人選。
Imagine how many audible words would be spoken if we had to watch a debate between Joe Biden and Mitch McConnell.
想象一下，如果我們要觀看喬·拜登和米奇·麥康奈爾的辯論，會有多少聲音被發(fā)出。
Quick answer: they make so much money from back door deals and bribes, they can’t walk away from their jobs and miss those big paydays.
簡單回答：他們通過幕后交易和賄賂賺了很多錢，他們不能放棄工作而錯過那些大筆的薪水。
Across the whole economy, Boomers and Silents have been clinging to their jobs instead of retiring like their predecessors did. They like being in charge and don't want to let go. In politics, there are some other problems. Incumbents do better than new candidates, so parties run the same people over and over again until they decide to retire. Parties also discourage primarying sitting politicians, so you often don't have an opportunity to vote them out. Then there are only 2 viable parties, so you can't vote for the other side to get your old politician out because that would be worse than having an old politician.
在整個經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域中，嬰兒潮一代和沉默的一代一直緊抓自己的職位，而不是像他們的前輩那樣退休。他們喜歡掌控權(quán)力，不愿意放手。在政治上，還有其他一些問題?，F(xiàn)任者比新候選人表現(xiàn)更好，因此政黨會反復提名同樣的人，直到他們決定退休。政黨也不鼓勵挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)任政治家，所以你往往沒有機會把他們投票淘汰。再加上只有兩個可行的政黨，你不能投票給另一個黨派來替換掉老政治家，因為那樣的結(jié)果可能會比繼續(xù)保留老政治家更糟。
The baby boomer generation was huge and is still alive and voting. So they vote for the people they like, who happen to be even older than they are in some cases.
Until the younger generations outnumber the boomers , or unless they boomers start voting younger, then we will be stuck with these older politicians.
嬰兒潮一代非常龐大，而且他們?nèi)匀换钪⑴c投票。因此，他們會投票給他們喜歡的人，而這些人有時甚至比他們自己還要年長。直到年輕一代的人數(shù)超過嬰兒潮一代，或者除非嬰兒潮一代開始投票給年輕人，否則我們將不得不繼續(xù)接受這些年長的政治家。
They should be made to retire at retirement age which in the U. S is between 65 and 67 years old.
他們應(yīng)該在退休年齡時被要求退休，在美國，退休年齡在65歲到67歲之間。
Thank you for clearly explaining the one thing you said you would
感謝你清楚地解釋了你所說的那一點。
They’re not willing to give it up, way too much money and power in politics. You don’t become a multi millionaire off of a 300k annual salary.
他們不愿意放棄，因為政治中有太多的錢和權(quán)力。你不能僅靠年薪30萬美元成為百萬富翁。
This is by design. The US people believe they were live with freedom and democratic ideology, while there is no other options but Old people that choosen by AIPAC or Corpo's Oligarchs.
這是有意為之的。美國人相信他們生活在自由和民主意識形態(tài)下，但實際上，除了由AIPAC或企業(yè)寡頭挑選的老年人之外，并沒有其他選擇。
In any country, the max age to run for any political office should be such that you cannot be in government if you're any older than 75 (max age to run for president is 70)
在任何國家，競選任何政治職位的最高年齡都應(yīng)該是這樣的：如果你超過 75 歲，你就不能進入政府任職（競選總統(tǒng)的最高年齡是 70 歲）
I’m sick of old people making policies for us that’ll affect entire generations while they are gone. There has to be an age cap..
我厭倦了年長者制定政策，這些政策將影響整整幾代人，而他們自己已經(jīng)不在世。必須設(shè)立年齡限制。
I remember a senator from the south, whose name escapes my memory, was reelected so many times. The last 15 years of his terms, he could hardly talk and was carried around in a wheelchair with a tank of oxygen Behind every elected official, there’s a gang of people not willing to give up power and privilege
我記得有一位來自南方的參議員，他的名字我記不起來了，他被連任了很多次。在他任期的最后15年里，他幾乎無法說話，，坐在輪椅上，背后還有一個氧氣瓶。每位當選官員背后都有一群不愿放棄權(quán)力和特權(quán)的人。
Main inhibitors for us Gen Z to enter politics
1. Current elderly politicians refusal to step aside and make way for younger candidates
2. The refusal by older voters to look beyond just resume and age and acknowledge policy positions of younger people
3. Minimum age requirements but no age limits
4. It is prohibitively expensive to run a genuine competitive campaign. I’m worried about rent and I’m running against somebody who’s made more money than I could ever dream of
5. Heads of parties ridiculously antagonistic and cynical treatment of tinder candidates who want to challenge status quo
阻礙我們Z世代進入政治的主要因素：
現(xiàn)有的老年政治家拒絕退位，為年輕候選人讓路。
老年選民拒絕超越簡歷和年齡，只關(guān)注年輕人的政策立場。
最低年齡要求，但沒有年齡上限。
競選真正具有競爭力的運動費用過高。我擔心房租，而我卻在與一個賺的錢比我夢想中的還多的人競爭。
黨的領(lǐng)導對那些想要挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)狀的年輕候選人采取了極端敵對和憤世嫉俗的態(tài)度。
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We need an age limit on how old politicians should be. They should learn to retire after a certain age
我們需要設(shè)定一個政治家年齡的上限。他們應(yīng)該在一定年齡后學會退休。
I have the curse of being a News Junkie, and just turned 72 today, so THANK YOU CNBC for another GREAT DOC! Yes, this old guy thinks we need FAR MORE younger, shinier people in politics than we have now!!
我有一個新聞迷的詛咒，今天剛滿72歲，所以感謝CNBC帶來的另一個精彩紀錄片！是的，這個老家伙認為我們需要更多年輕、充滿活力的人進入政治！
There is audio of Nixon talking about this problem in the House. With some very elderly members there - it seems it's not a new problem...
有音頻顯示尼克松在眾議院談?wù)摿诉@個問題。由于那里有一些年長的議員，所以這似乎不是一個新問題……
Because older folks have brains similar to children, easier to manipulate them to do what you want because they can't defend themselves. Kinda sick honestly
因為年長者的大腦類似于兒童，更容易被操控去做你想要的事，因為他們無法自我防衛(wèi)。說實話，這有點令人不安。
Because they want to hold their grip on power it brings money
因為他們想要緊握權(quán)力，這帶來了金錢。
With age comes wisdom. An saying and a belief that is baked into most Americans.
年齡越大，智慧也就越大。這是大多數(shù)美國人都認同的一句話和信念。
Here in Portugal, in some major political positions you can only be during 3 terms (4+4+4 years), that means you can be 12 years as a president, prime minister, governor, etc and then you can't run in the next term neither be part of the list.
在葡萄牙，一些主要政治職位的任期限制為3屆（4+4+4年），這意味著你可以擔任總統(tǒng)、總理、州長等職務(wù)最長12年，然后不能再競選下一個任期，也不能再出現(xiàn)在候選名單上。
It's also because NONE of the younger generation wants to go into politics! Since almost 100% of politicians are former attorneys, the younger attorneys KNOW they'll make more money doing private and corporate practice and staying out of the political spotlight!
這也是因為年輕一代中沒有一個人想從政！由于幾乎100%的政治家都是前律師，年輕的律師知道他們在私人和企業(yè)事務(wù)中能賺更多的錢，而遠離政治風頭！
There are no term limits on the court until we do the Senate and the House.
法院沒有任期限制，直到我們對參議院和眾議院進行改革為止。
Its all about money and power. Then again a younger generation deserves younger leadership. Time for these people to step aside.
一切都是關(guān)于金錢和權(quán)力。另一方面，年輕一代理應(yīng)擁有年輕的領(lǐng)導。是時候讓這些人退居一線了。
when I was really young, I thought us government is where all old people go to retire
當我還年輕的時候，我以為美國政府就是所有老人退休的地方
Why can’t Congress implement maximum term limits for members of Congress??? It’s called a serious conflict of interest.
為什么國會不能對國會議員實施最高任期限制？這被稱為嚴重的利益沖突。
This is a systemic issue. The whole system is now crooked. It's rather simple. If one can constantly benefit BIGLY by just staying in the system, who would want to retire?
這是一個系統(tǒng)性問題。整個系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在都變得腐敗了。如果一個人可以通過留在系統(tǒng)中持續(xù)獲得巨大利益，誰會想要退休呢？
Media consolidation around their chosen brand names is the reason. The corporate owned news networks promote the older candidates because their ability to draw attention is proven. They make it hard for new and you get candidates to establish themselves.
原因是媒體圍繞他們選擇的品牌名稱進行整合。企業(yè)擁有的新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)推廣年長的候選人，因為他們吸引注意力的能力是公認的。他們讓新人很難脫穎而出，從而讓候選人確立自己的地位。
I truly respect old generation, they have enormous life experiences. And why old politicians doesn't give themselves a chance to become volunteers in colleges, institutions, very high level educational programs after retirement age ? We all do that. New generation should know about economy, market, political field, history from best of the best. And maybe we'll be in better places tomorrow. I absolutely agree, it should be the limit age to perform in government. We in need more sharp, fast response and younger smart people in government. All of them should be like heroes to young generation , good hearted and very educated.
我真的很尊敬老一代，他們有著豐富的生活經(jīng)驗。為什么老政治家們在退休后不去大學、機構(gòu)或高級教育項目做志愿者呢？我們都應(yīng)該這樣做。新一代應(yīng)該從最優(yōu)秀的人那里了解經(jīng)濟、市場、政治領(lǐng)域和歷史。也許我們明天會處于更好的境地。我完全同意，政府中應(yīng)該有年齡限制。我們需要更多敏捷、反應(yīng)迅速且聰明的年輕人來參與政府工作。他們都應(yīng)該成為年輕一代的英雄，心地善良且受過良好教育。
You see the same thing in the work force. The older generation holds on to their power even though the business has all but passed them by
你會在職場上看到類似的現(xiàn)象。老一代即使在業(yè)務(wù)幾乎已被超越的情況下，也依然堅持掌握權(quán)力。
In the UK we got a politician who was aged 20 when elected that was in 2015, a few year later a 25 year old was elected.
在英國，我們有一位在2015年當選時年僅20歲的政治家，幾年后又有一位25歲的政治家當選。
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I think 25 would be old enough to be president, hell I'd vote for a competent teenager at this point. I'm 43 and I can see younger people are caring more then 20ys ago. I've always loved plants and animals, it's wonderful to see more people being compassionate to each other.
我認為25歲足夠擔任總統(tǒng)了，老實說，現(xiàn)在我甚至會為一個有能力的青少年投票。我43歲了，我能看到年輕人比20年前更關(guān)心這些問題。我一直喜歡植物和動物，看到越來越多人對彼此表現(xiàn)出更多的同情心真是太棒了。
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Cognitive ability testing is important. Age is not problem as long as there are no problems with cognitive ability or mental health.
認知能力測試很重要。只要認知能力和心理健康沒有問題，年齡就不是問題。
I hold the belief that politicians need a time in service cap and an absolute expiration cap. Can't serve longer than 20 years and the expiration age cap is 65. Many of the current leaders are from an era that has stunted growth and positive change. Not to mention what OP said about these individuals refusing to step aside out greed and selfishness. Some of the younger leaders are no better, such as AOC who is dimwitted, vapid, and frankly, doesn't know the rules and regulations of our country's laws.
我認為政治家需要設(shè)定服務(wù)時間上限和絕對年齡上限。服務(wù)時間不得超過20年，年齡上限為65歲。許多現(xiàn)任領(lǐng)導者來自一個阻礙增長和積極變革的時代。更不用說OP提到的那些人因貪婪和自私拒絕讓位的情況了。一些年輕的領(lǐng)導者也并不比現(xiàn)在的老一代更好，比如AOC，她顯得愚蠢、膚淺，坦率地說，她對我們國家的法律規(guī)則并不了解。
Only a matter of time when concern the median age is too low.
關(guān)于中位年齡過低的問題，這只是時間問題而已。
That last statement about requirements of capabilities for the Presidency
Does that truly apply to all or is that the lie we tell young candidates? Right now the single qualification feels to be “electability”.
關(guān)于總統(tǒng)職位要求能力的最后那句話，是否真的適用于所有人，還是我們對年輕候選人撒的謊？目前，唯一的資格要求似乎就是“當選資格”。
Part of the problem with getting younger people into politics, mainly as far as the GOP is concerned, is that most of their younger political aspirants are too extreme for the average American voter: Lauren Boebert, MTG, Matt Gaetz, Josh Hawley, JD Vance, etc.
讓年輕人進入政治領(lǐng)域的一個問題，尤其是對于共和黨來說，是他們的許多年輕政治志向者對普通美國選民來說過于極端：Lauren Boebert、MTG、Matt Gaetz、Josh Hawley、JD Vance 等等。
On the other hand, where (and who) are the talented younger politicians on deck to step in? Mostly in Wall Street? Silicone Valley?
另一方面，哪些地方（和哪些人）有才華的年輕政治家可以接替他們的位置？主要是在華爾街？還是硅谷？
I think taking more money out of campaigning would also allow for lower barriers of entry. Less money, shorter campaign times. In the US, it literally feels like 24/7 campaigning and it takes a lot of fundraising. But also, people have to realize voting in primaries is a thing. You can't just vote every 4 years. It is a lot to keep track of, but this is also part of being a voter and making the system more effective.
我認為減少競選中的資金投入也可以降低進入門檻。更少的資金，較短的競選時間。在美國，競選感覺像是全天候的，且需要大量籌款。但人們也要意識到，初選投票是很重要的。你不能只每四年投一次票。這需要跟進，但這也是作為選民的一部分，并使系統(tǒng)更有效。
I'm from Poland, not American, so this news topic does not concern me directly, but we all have the same questions with politicians. I looked up the typical ages of senior military officers in the US, it's a good guideline, right? The promotion to 4-star general is typically at age 58, and that's a good age for the very top jobs in government as well, I'd say. The promotion to lt colonel and colonel is 39 and 45, and that might be equivalent to a senator or a congressman perhaps? It would make sense, they'd have 15-20 years time for a non-political career, 15-20 years to learn the ropes of politics and then they could go for the top job(s)?
我來自波蘭，不是美國人，所以這個新聞話題對我來說不直接相關(guān)，但我們對政治家也有同樣的問題。我查了一下美國高級軍官的典型年齡，這是不是一個不錯的參考？四星將軍的晉升通常在58歲，這也許是政府最高職位的合適年齡。我認為晉升為中校和上校的年齡分別是39歲和45歲，這也許與參議員或國會議員相當？這很有道理，他們會有15-20年的非政治生涯時間，15-20年學習政治的時間，然后他們可以爭取最高職位。
i mean its obviously because the parties are both so static, due to there being no outside competition from new parties
我的意思是，顯然是因為兩大黨都如此僵化，缺乏來自新政黨的外部競爭。
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Mandatory retirement ages. Many states have them for various offices. I don’t think there is any for federal office holders. 70 is usually the mandatory age but health has improved since then so I would say must start the term by age 75. That should clear out the octogenarians.
強制退休年齡。許多州對各種職位有強制退休年齡。我認為聯(lián)邦職位沒有這樣的規(guī)定。70歲通常是強制退休年齡，但考慮到健康狀況改善，我認為應(yīng)該要求在75歲之前開始任期。這樣應(yīng)該可以排除八十多歲的人。