On September 12, Musk's SpaceX successfully carried out the "Polaris Dawn" commercial spacewalk mission. Billionaire Jared Isaacman and SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis each went out of the spacecraft and took a short "walk" in space.

9月12日，馬斯克旗下的SpaceX公司成功開展「北極星黎明」商業(yè)太空行走任務(wù)。 億萬富翁賈里德·艾薩克曼和SpaceX的工程師莎拉·吉利斯分別出艙在太空進(jìn)行了短暫的「行走」。

This was the first commercial spacewalk in human history, and Isaacman became the first non-professional astronaut to complete a spacewalk, and none of the four people in the space capsule were from a government agency. During this space flight, Isaacman also created an interesting history, becoming the first person to bet on a sports game in space.

這是人類有史以來第一次商業(yè)太空行走，艾薩克曼也成為第一個(gè)完成太空行走的非職業(yè)航天員，而且太空艙內(nèi)的四人里沒有一人來自政府機(jī)構(gòu)。 在本次宇航飛行中，艾薩克曼還創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)有趣的歷史，成為第一個(gè)在太空中押注體育比賽的人。

In recent years, major companies have entered the space travel market, and SpaceX expects that 3-6 commercial space flights per year will become the norm in the future. Some billionaires are willing to "spend a lot of money" just to experience the short-term weightlessness in space for even a few minutes.

近年來，各大公司紛紛入局太空旅行市場，SpaceX預(yù)計(jì)未來每年3-6次商業(yè)太空飛行將成為常態(tài)。 一些億萬富翁愿意「一擲千金」，只為在太空中體驗(yàn)?zāi)呐轮挥袔追昼姷亩虝菏е卮碳ぁ?/b>

Unlike simply paying for a ticket to enter the capsule, Isaacman is working with SpaceX this time by sharing the R&D costs, with the goal of testing SpaceX's spacesuit in space. Isaacman declined to disclose how much money he has borne, but it is estimated that his share is about $200 million. In addition, another purpose of his trip is to do public welfare publicity for St. Jude Hospital, which focuses on cancer research. His goal is to raise $200 million, half of which he will pay himself.

和純粹的花錢買票進(jìn)艙不同，本次艾薩克曼是以分擔(dān)研發(fā)費(fèi)用的方式與SpaceX合作，目的是在太空中測試SpaceX的太空衣。 艾薩克曼拒絕透露他承擔(dān)了多少資金，但據(jù)估算其份額約為2億美元。 此外，他此行的另一個(gè)目的是為以癌癥研究為主的圣猶他醫(yī)院做公益宣傳，他的目標(biāo)是籌款2億美元，其中一半由他本人支付。
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As early as 2021, Isaacman led the "Inspiration 4" space mission. The four crew members who went into space were all civilians, including bone cancer survivors, veterans, and amateur flying enthusiasts. In order to complete this mission, Isaacman and his friend, former Air Force fighter pilot Scott Poteet, and two SpaceX engineers trained for several months, and the launch was delayed for several weeks due to weather reasons.

早在2021年，艾薩克曼就領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過靈感4號(hào)宇航任務(wù)，升入太空的機(jī)組4人全部來自民間，包括骨癌幸存者、退伍老兵和業(yè)余飛行愛好者等。 為了完成這趟任務(wù)，艾薩克曼和自己的好友、前空軍戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員斯科特·波提特以及2名SpaceX工程師訓(xùn)練了數(shù)月之久，而發(fā)射因天氣原因被延期數(shù)周。

At 5:23 a.m. EST on September 10, the Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Dragon spacecraft was launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. On the 11th, the Dragon spacecraft and the Polaris Dawn mission team entered an orbit with a perigee of about 190 kilometers and an apogee of about 1,400 kilometers. After completing six orbits at this altitude, the Dragon spacecraft switched to an orbit with a perigee of about 190 kilometers and an apogee of about 700 kilometers, and planned to conduct the first commercial spacewalk at an altitude of about 700 kilometers from the ground.

美東時(shí)間9月10日5時(shí)23分，搭載「龍」飛船的「獵鷹9」火箭從佛羅里達(dá)州肯尼迪航天中心發(fā)射升空。 11日，龍飛船攜北極星黎明任務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)入近地點(diǎn)約190公里、遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)約1400公里的軌道。 「龍」飛船在這一高度完成6次繞地飛行后，切換至近地點(diǎn)約190公里、遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)約700公里的軌道，計(jì)劃在距離地面約700公里的高度進(jìn)行首次商業(yè)太空行走。

The spacewalk officially began at about 6:50 a.m. EST on September 12. Isaacman opened the hatch, climbed up the ladder to look out, and bent his elbows to test the material of his space suit. From the camera on his helmet, it can be seen that the spacecraft is over the South Pacific. Isaacman sighed, "Although there is a lot of work to do after returning home, the earth is really a perfect world at this time."

美東時(shí)間9月12日6時(shí)50分許，太空行走正式開始。 艾薩克曼打開艙門，爬上梯子向外張望，并且做出彎曲手肘等動(dòng)作以測試太空衣材料。 從他頭盔上的攝像畫面可以看出，此時(shí)飛船正在南太平洋上空。 艾薩克曼感嘆到，「雖然回家以后有很多工作要做，但此時(shí)的地球真是個(gè)完美的世界」。

Isaacman returned to the space capsule ten minutes later, and SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis took over his space suit test, which also took about ten minutes. The hatch of the spacecraft is open for only more than half an hour, while in NASA's space missions, the hatch often needs to be open for more than ten hours, and astronauts will go out of the cabin in pairs, performing tasks in groups of two.

艾薩克曼在十分鐘之后返回了太空艙，SpaceX的工程師莎拉·吉利斯接替他進(jìn)行太空衣測試，時(shí)間也大約是十分鐘。 飛船的艙門開放時(shí)間只有半個(gè)多小時(shí)，而在美國宇航局的太空任務(wù)中，艙門往往需要打開十幾個(gè)小時(shí)，航天員會(huì)成對(duì)出艙，兩人一組執(zhí)行任務(wù)。

In addition, during this mission, although most of Isaacman and Gillis' bodies were outside the cabin, their feet were still inside the cabin and their hands were tightly holding the stairs, so they were not "floating in space" in the strict sense. Even so, the danger they faced was still very high, and there were phenomena such as the hatch failing to open automatically and bulging at the seal.

此外，在此次任務(wù)中，艾薩克曼和吉利斯雖然大部分身體探出了艙外，但腳仍在艙內(nèi)，而且手上緊緊抓住樓梯，因此并非嚴(yán)格意義上的「太空漂浮」。 即使如此，他們面臨的危險(xiǎn)仍然很高，現(xiàn)場出現(xiàn)了艙門無法自動(dòng)打開以及密封處凸起的現(xiàn)象。

Isaacman was born on February 11, 1983 in unx City, New Jersey. He claimed that he was "a bad student since childhood and didn't like being in the classroom." He dropped out of high school at the age of 15, and at the age of 16, he founded the successful payment company Shift4 Payments in the basement of his parents' home. The company is currently responsible for processing payments for one-third of restaurants and hotels in the United States, including well-known brands such as Hilton, Four Seasons, KFC and Arby's, and processes more than $260 billion in transactions each year.

艾薩克曼1983年2月11日出生在新澤西州聯(lián)合市，他自稱「從小就是一個(gè)糟糕的學(xué)生，不喜歡待在教室」。 他在15歲就輟學(xué)離開高中，16歲那年他在父母家里的地下室創(chuàng)辦了成功的支付企業(yè)Shift4 Payments。 目前該公司負(fù)責(zé)處理美國三分之一的餐廳和酒店的付款，其中包括希爾頓、四季酒店、肯德基和Arby's等知名品牌，每年處理的交易金額超過2600億美元。

After his success in the payment field, Isaacman also founded Draken International in 2011, which trains Air Force pilots. The company currently owns the world's largest private military aircraft fleet. In 2019, Isaacman sold a majority stake in Draken International to Wall Street's Blackstone Group, making himself a billionaire. Forbes magazine estimates that Isaacman's personal net worth is approximately US$1.9 billion.

在支付領(lǐng)域取得成功后，艾薩克曼還于2011年創(chuàng)立了培訓(xùn)空軍飛行員的Draken International，該公司目前擁有世界上最大的私人軍用飛機(jī)機(jī)隊(duì)。 2019年，艾薩克曼將Draken International的多數(shù)股權(quán)出售給了華爾街黑石集團(tuán)，從而使自己躋身億萬富翁行列。 福布斯雜志估計(jì)，艾薩克曼的個(gè)人凈資產(chǎn)大約為19億美元。

Isaacman is a "thrill seeker" in life. His biggest hobby is "flying a MiG fighter at supersonic speed to get rid of the tension and boredom of working more than 80 hours a week." In 2009, he also set the fastest time record for round-the-world flight, which was broken by New Zealander Andrew in 2018.

在生活中艾薩克曼是一個(gè)「尋求刺激的人」，他最大的業(yè)余愛好就是「以超音速的速度駕駛米格戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，以擺脫每周80多個(gè)小時(shí)不間斷工作的緊張和枯燥」。 2009年，他還創(chuàng)下了環(huán)球飛行的最快用時(shí)紀(jì)錄，該紀(jì)錄在2018年才被新西蘭人安德魯打破。

Isaacman once said: "I do believe that you only get one chance at life. You have an obligation to live it to the fullest, as long as you are able. You never know when it will be your last day."

艾薩克曼曾表示：「我確實(shí)相信生命只有一次機(jī)會(huì)。 只要你有能力，你就有義務(wù)充分享受生活。 你永遠(yuǎn)不知道什么時(shí)候會(huì)是你的最后一天?！?/b>

In 1965, Soviet cosmonaut Alexi Leonov opened the precedent of spacewalking, and a few months later, Ed White of NASA also performed a spacewalk. As of the 12th of this month, a total of 263 people from 12 countries have performed spacewalks. Spacewalks have always been considered very dangerous and were previously performed by professional astronauts.

1965年，蘇聯(lián)航天員阿列克謝·列昂諾夫開啟了太空行走的先例，幾個(gè)月后美國宇航局的埃德·懷特也進(jìn)行了太空行走。 截至本月12日，共有來自12個(gè)國家的263人進(jìn)行過太空行走。 太空行走一向被認(rèn)為是非常危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)作，此前都由專業(yè)航天員完成。
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"A spacewalk is completely different than just riding on a rocket, getting some zero-G time and coming back to Earth," said retired NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy.

美國宇航局退休航天員克里斯·卡西迪說：「太空行走與僅僅乘坐火箭、獲得一些零重力時(shí)間并返回地球是完全不同的?！?/b>

Cassidy worried that Isaacman was setting a bad precedent by which wealthy people could "jump the queue" for spacewalks with minimal training.

卡西迪擔(dān)心艾薩克曼起到了一個(gè)不好的先例，即富人可能只經(jīng)過極少的訓(xùn)練就插隊(duì)進(jìn)行太空行走。

Ilan Kelman, a risk and disaster analyst at University College London, said it was "inevitable" that non-professionals would eventually participate in spacewalks, but he expected that there would be casualties in the process. "There are many things we can and should do to reduce the risk, but we have to be completely honest with anyone involved, especially when a major accident occurs, the chances of being rescued are low."

倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與災(zāi)難分析師伊蘭·凱爾曼表示，非專業(yè)人員最終將參與太空行走是「不可避免的趨勢」，但他預(yù)計(jì)這一過程中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)人員傷亡。 「我們可以也應(yīng)該做很多事情來降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我們必須對(duì)任何參與者完全誠實(shí)，尤其是當(dāng)發(fā)生重大事故時(shí)，獲救的可能性很低?！?/b>

Isaacman himself admitted after returning to the capsule that the mission was very difficult, but he hopes to contribute to the exploration of space. "I was not born when humans walked on the moon. I want my children to be able to jump and walk on the moon and Mars in spacesuits and venture out to explore our solar system."

艾薩克曼本人在回到艙內(nèi)后承認(rèn)，這次任務(wù)非常艱難，但他希望為探索太空作出貢獻(xiàn)。 「人類在月球上行走時(shí)我還沒有出生。 我希望我的孩子們能穿著太空衣在月球和火星上蹦蹦跳跳地行走，并冒險(xiǎn)探索我們的太陽系?！?br />