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Richard Lobb
Why is Abraham Lincoln always regarded (as I read almost everywhere) as one of the best presidents (one of the best three in the most surveys) in the United States history?
I agree with a ranking that places Lincoln among our very best presidents. I have always felt Lincoln is in a group of three at the tippy-top of the presidents — consisting of Washington, Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Washington because he did more than any other single person to create the nation and set it on its extraordinary course; Lincoln because he preserved the nation from dissolution; and FDR because he projected the nation onto the world stage. Feel free to argue, but that’s my view.

為什么亞伯拉罕·林肯（正如我?guī)缀踉谌魏蔚胤阶x到的）常被看作是美國(guó)歷史上最優(yōu)秀的總統(tǒng)之一（在許多調(diào)查中被列為最好的三位總統(tǒng)之一）？
我認(rèn)同將林肯列為我們最優(yōu)秀的總統(tǒng)之一的排名。我一直認(rèn)為林肯是頂尖的三位總統(tǒng)(包括喬治·華盛頓、亞伯拉罕·林肯和富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福)之一。華盛頓因?yàn)樗趪?guó)家的創(chuàng)立和確立其非凡的發(fā)展方向比任何其他個(gè)人都有著更多的貢獻(xiàn)；林肯因?yàn)樗S護(hù)了國(guó)家的完整，防止了國(guó)家的分裂；羅斯福則是因?yàn)樗麑?guó)家推向了世界舞臺(tái)盡管爭(zhēng)論吧，但這是我的觀點(diǎn)

Kade?
He did what was needed during the most brutal war American has ever been a part of as it happened on our own soil by our own countrymen. He led the country to victory for a noble cause which means he’s viewed favorably by the public today, especially because he was assassinated and people always hold great sympathy for those great people who died before their time….that being said if he had been president today he would have been torn to shreds for his crimes.

亞伯拉罕·林肯在美國(guó)歷史上最殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，也就是我們自己的土地上由同胞發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，做了必要的事。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)家為了一個(gè)崇高的目標(biāo)取得了勝利，這就是為什么他今天在公眾中享有良好的聲譽(yù)，尤其是因?yàn)樗话禋ⅲ藗儗?duì)那些英年早逝的偉大人物總是懷有極大的同情……話雖如此，如果他今天擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)，他可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱淖镄斜粐?yán)厲譴責(zé)。

so Abraham Lincoln was a great president to achieve victory in war but he did actually commit offenses that would have seen him impeached after the war. He violated the constitution numerous times.
Lincolns most controversial action was that he suspended the writ of habeas corpus. This allowed him to imprison anyone and everyone that was viewed as a southern sympathizer without them having committed a crime or being told what specific crime they committed. If a modern president did this there would be outrage no matter the circumstances. It let Lincoln imprison any southern sympathizers indefinitely without fair trial.

所以，亞伯拉罕·林肯是一位在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中取得勝利的偉大總統(tǒng)，但他確實(shí)犯了一些在戰(zhàn)后可能會(huì)被彈劾的過(guò)錯(cuò)：他多次違反了憲法。
林肯最具爭(zhēng)議的行動(dòng)之一是暫停了人身保護(hù)令。這使他能夠監(jiān)禁任何被視為南方同情者的人，而無(wú)需他們犯罪或被告知犯了什么具體罪行。如果現(xiàn)代總統(tǒng)這樣做，無(wú)論在什么情況下都會(huì)引起公憤。這讓林肯可以無(wú)限期地監(jiān)禁任何南方同情者，而無(wú)需公平審判。

He also used government suppression on the press to threaten any articles that painted the north unfavorably when that was the only way to get information back then.
He ordered the unx army into the south without the approval of congress which is needed under any circumstances at the time.
He ordered the arrest warrant of a Supreme Court justice who said Lincoln was breaking the constitution

他還利用政府壓制媒體，威脅任何對(duì)北方不利的報(bào)道，而那時(shí)這是獲取信息的唯一方式。
他未經(jīng)國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)就命令聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)進(jìn)入南方，而這在當(dāng)時(shí)任何情況下都其實(shí)是需要國(guó)會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)的。
他下令逮捕了一位最高法院大法官，該大法官聲稱(chēng)林肯違反了憲法。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

and for immoral actions that are understood but frowned upon during war, he ordered a general to burn southern food and supplies that were meant for civilian use during the winter, and his non consented first attack killed 50,000 southern civilians.

在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，他還有一些被理解但不被認(rèn)可的不道德行為，比如他命令一位將軍焚燒了本應(yīng)供平民在冬季使用的食品和物資，而他那未經(jīng)同意的首次攻擊導(dǎo)致5萬(wàn)名南方平民死亡。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

He was a GREAT military commander and president like George Washington. At the same time he broke several laws that would leave any president today impeached. So was he a good president? He was great for the COUNTRY in the long term. But he was very Machiavellian and believed that he could use whatever means necessary to win the war. That’s why I think it’s important we remember him as a great leader who shouldn’t be deified as this friendly and wise old man. He was very vicious when it came to winning even towards the unx and at certain points when the war was hard was closer to a dictator than a president.

他是一位偉大的軍事指揮官和總統(tǒng)，就像喬治·華盛頓一樣。但同時(shí)，他也違反了幾項(xiàng)法律——足以讓任何一位現(xiàn)代總統(tǒng)被彈劾。那么，他是一位好總統(tǒng)嗎？從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，對(duì)國(guó)家而言，他是偉大的總統(tǒng)。但他非常崇尚馬基雅維利主義，堅(jiān)信為了打贏戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)可以采取任何必要的手段。這就是為什么我認(rèn)為記住他是一位不應(yīng)被神化的偉大領(lǐng)袖很重要，不應(yīng)該將他視為一個(gè)友好而明智的老人。在追求勝利的過(guò)程中，他表現(xiàn)得非常殘酷，甚至對(duì)聯(lián)邦自身也是如此。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)特別艱難的時(shí)期，他的統(tǒng)治方式更像一個(gè)DC者，而不像一個(gè)總統(tǒng)。

William Murphy
What made Abraham Lincoln a great leader?
Lincoln was a very gifted politician. He could be very charming and persuasive in person, and even his political oponnents often found themselves liking him in spite of themselves. He was not a great public speaker, though he was capable of writing a brilliant speech; his Gettysburg Address was a brilliant summary both of the stakes of the civil war and his vision of the kind of country the U.S. should be, and it took only two minutes to deliver. His second inaugural address is, in my opinion, one of the two or three most important and best speeches ever delivered by an American president.

是什么讓亞伯拉罕·林肯成為偉大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者？
林肯是一位非常有天賦的政治家。他在個(gè)人交往中非常有魅力和說(shuō)服力，甚至連他的政治對(duì)手也常常在不自覺(jué)中對(duì)他產(chǎn)生好感。雖然他不是一位偉大的演講者，但他能夠?qū)懗鼍实难葜v搞；他的《葛底斯堡演說(shuō)》既精彩地總結(jié)了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的利害關(guān)系，又闡明了他對(duì)美國(guó)應(yīng)成為何種國(guó)家的愿景，而他的演講僅用了兩分鐘。我的看法是，他的第二次就職演說(shuō)是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)所發(fā)表的兩三篇最重要和出色的演講之一。

Lincoln was brilliant but lacked an ego. He was willing to work with members of Congress even if they were publicly very critical of him, and refused to take such criticism personally. In 1860, he was barely even a consideration for the Republican presidential nomination, as there were a half dozen more prominent candidates, but he outmaneuvered them for the nomination and then asked nearly all the men he defeated to serve in his cabinet, even though all of them thought they deserved to be president more than he did, because they were the best minds and leaders in his party and he knew he'd need their help.

林肯聰明卻不自負(fù)。他愿意與國(guó)會(huì)成員合作，即使他們公開(kāi)批評(píng)他，也拒絕將這種批評(píng)個(gè)人化。在1860年，他幾乎沒(méi)有被考慮作為共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人，因?yàn)檫€有幾位更顯著的候選人，但他巧妙地獲得了提名，并邀請(qǐng)幾乎所有被他擊敗的人加入他的內(nèi)閣，盡管他們都認(rèn)為自己比他更適合擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樗麄兪撬h內(nèi)最優(yōu)秀的頭腦和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他知道自己需要他們的幫助。

Lincoln was a rare leader whose personal and poltical gifts were exactly what was needed at the.moment of greatest crisis in U.S. history, and without him there would be no single, unified nation calling itself the United States of America today; there'd be at least two smaller, weaker nations (and probably more than two) where there is one U.S. today.

林肯是一位罕見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他的個(gè)人魅力和政治才能正是美國(guó)歷史上最大危機(jī)時(shí)刻所需的。如果沒(méi)有他，今天就沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家稱(chēng)為美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)；今天的美國(guó)可能會(huì)是至少兩個(gè)更小、更弱的國(guó)家（可能還有更多）。

Nate Anderson
Why is Abraham Lincoln considered the best president?
For most people, Lincoln = (ending slavery) + (keeping the unx together)
Both events are viewed highly favorably and he's therefore considered one of the best.
What history has mostly forgotten is that in order to achieve those two key aspects of his legacy he also crippled state rights and strengthened the central government considerably.
For those who believe Democracy works best when power is decentralized (myself included), I have mixed feelings about Lincoln: On one hand, ending slavery and extending individual rights is unequivocally good and is a truly Democratic act. On the other hand, the byproduct of his approach was the long-term weakening of a different core aspect of our Republic.

為什么亞伯拉罕·林肯會(huì)被認(rèn)為是最好的總統(tǒng)呢？
對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言，林肯的形象等同于（廢除奴隸制）加上（維護(hù)聯(lián)邦的統(tǒng)一）。
這兩個(gè)成就都受到了高度的贊揚(yáng)，因此他被看作是最優(yōu)秀的總統(tǒng)之一。
然而，歷史往往忽略了，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩項(xiàng)遺產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵部分，他也嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了州權(quán)，并大幅加強(qiáng)了中央政府的權(quán)力。
對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為民主在權(quán)力下放時(shí)效果最佳的人來(lái)說(shuō)——我也是其中之一——我對(duì)林肯有著復(fù)雜的看法：一方面，廢除奴隸制和擴(kuò)展個(gè)人權(quán)利無(wú)疑是極其正面的，是真正民主的行為。另一方面，他的做法間接導(dǎo)致了我們共和國(guó)另一個(gè)核心要素的逐漸弱化。

Renee Osborne McClean
Lincoln was an exceptional American leader because of his ability to use his perceived weaknesses as strengths and because his character was intrinsically decent and good. As historian Doris Kearns Goodwin points out in her book, “Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln”, Lincoln was a brilliant political strategist and positioned himself not as an extremist but as a consistent voice on moral policy as seen in the Republican Convention of 1859. He recognized the weaknesses in his opponents and sought to avoid those qualities in his character, “Finally, Lincoln’s profound and elevated sense of ambition — “an ambition”, Fehrenbacher observes, “notably free of pettiness, malice and overindulgence,” shared little common ground with Chase’s blatant obsession with office, Seward’s tendency towards opportunism, or the ambivalent ambition that led Bates to withdraw from public office. Though Lincoln desired success as fiercely as any of his rivals, he did not allow his quest for office to consume the kindness and openheartedness with which he treated supporters and rivals alike, and did not alter his steady commitment to the antislavery cause.” (Kearns Goodwin, p. 256).

林肯之所以成為一位非凡的美國(guó)領(lǐng)袖，是因?yàn)樗軌驅(qū)⒆约旱娜觞c(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢(shì)，并且他本性善良、品格高尚。歷史學(xué)家多麗絲·基恩斯·古德溫（Doris Kearns Goodwin ）在她的書(shū)《對(duì)手團(tuán)隊(duì)：亞伯拉罕·林肯的政治天才》中指出，林肯是一位卓越的政治策略家，他沒(méi)有把自己定位為極端分子，而是在1859年的共和黨大會(huì)上，展現(xiàn)出了在道德政策上的堅(jiān)定立場(chǎng)。他識(shí)別出對(duì)手的弱點(diǎn)，并努力避免自己出現(xiàn)同樣的問(wèn)題。“最終，林肯深刻而高尚的抱負(fù)——費(fèi)倫巴赫評(píng)論說(shuō)，這種抱負(fù)“顯著地沒(méi)有小氣、惡意和過(guò)度放縱”——與蔡斯對(duì)職位的明顯迷戀、西沃德的投機(jī)傾向，或貝茨因矛盾的抱負(fù)而退出公職的情況幾乎沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)。盡管林肯像他的對(duì)手一樣渴望成功，但他沒(méi)有讓自己對(duì)職位的追求吞噬了他對(duì)支持者和對(duì)手一視同仁的善意和慷慨，也沒(méi)有改變自己對(duì)廢奴事業(yè)的堅(jiān)定承諾?！保ü诺聹?，第256頁(yè)）。

Another example of profiting from his rival’s character flaws was when he accepted the speaking engagement at Cooper unx which placed him on the national stage and whereas Salmon Chase declined because he saw it as too unimportant for him to attend. Eventually, Lincoln reached out to Salmon Chase, William Seward, and Edward Bates to join his political “family”, the Cabinet. He also recognized that his own perceived weaknesses could be used as strengths. For example, given the fact that Lincoln had two failed attempts to win Illinois’ Senate seat and served only one term in the House meant that he had not the time to accumulate political enemies. When it came to dismissing the incompetent General Fremont, who was the darling of the Mexican American War, Lincoln skillfully leaked a Congressional report about him to the press to prepare public sentiment against him before the axe fell.

另一個(gè)例子是，他利用對(duì)手的性格缺陷，接受了在庫(kù)珀聯(lián)盟的演講邀請(qǐng)，這使他登上了全國(guó)舞臺(tái)，而蔡斯卻因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為這不值得他去而拒絕了。最終，林肯邀請(qǐng)了蔡斯、西沃德和貝茨加入他的政治“家庭”，即內(nèi)閣。他也意識(shí)到自己的所謂弱點(diǎn)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢(shì)。例如，考慮到林肯曾兩次嘗試贏得伊利諾伊州參議院席位失敗，只在眾議院任職一個(gè)任期，這意味著他沒(méi)有時(shí)間積累政治敵人。在解雇不稱(chēng)職的弗里蒙特將軍時(shí)——他是美墨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的英雄——林肯巧妙地向媒體泄露了一份關(guān)于他的國(guó)會(huì)報(bào)告，以在采取行動(dòng)之前為公眾情緒做準(zhǔn)備。

Suffering losses in his own personal life before and during the War i.e. the loss of his son, Edward before he ran for president and the death of his third son, Willie in 1862, made Lincoln incredibly and obviously empathetic. A war correspondent on a visit to General McClellan’s encampment in July of 1862, noted how the troops demonstrated a profound sense of endearment for their Commander in Chief, “ His benignant smile as he passed on was a real reflection of his honest, kindly heart; but deeper, under the surface of that marked and not all uncomely face, were the unmistakable signs of care and anxiety…”.

在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前后，他個(gè)人生活中遭受的損失，比如他在競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)前失去兒子愛(ài)德華，以及1862年他的第三個(gè)兒子威利去世，使林肯表現(xiàn)出了極大的同情心。1862年7月，一位戰(zhàn)地記者訪問(wèn)了麥克萊倫將軍的營(yíng)地，注意到部隊(duì)對(duì)他們的總司令表現(xiàn)出深厚的喜愛(ài)，“他路過(guò)時(shí)那慈祥的微笑真正反映了他誠(chéng)實(shí)、善良的心；但在那張有特色且不難看的面孔下，更深處，是憂慮和焦慮的明顯跡象……”。

Lastly, Lincoln had a profound sense of posterity and the ripples of his actions throughout the annals of time. This was seen when he signed the Emancipation Proclamation. As the paper was unrolled before him, he stayed his hand as the gravity of his action weighed upon him, “I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper,” he said. “If my name ever goes into history it will be for this act, and my whole soul is in it.” The Senator-elect from Ohio and future president, James Garfield prophetically said, “Strange phenomenon in the world’s history when a second-rate Illinois lawyer is the instrument to utter words which shall form an epoch memorable in all future ages.”

最后，林肯對(duì)后世和他的行動(dòng)在時(shí)間長(zhǎng)河中的漣漪有著深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。這在他簽署《解放奴隸宣言》時(shí)就顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)了。當(dāng)他面前展開(kāi)文件時(shí)，由于行動(dòng)的嚴(yán)重性使他感到壓力，他停住了手，“我從來(lái)沒(méi)有在我的生活中，像我在簽署這份文件時(shí)那樣確信我正在做正確的事情，”他說(shuō)?！叭绻业拿謱?lái)載入史冊(cè)，那將是因?yàn)檫@一行為，我的整個(gè)靈魂都在其中?！眮?lái)自俄亥俄州的當(dāng)選參議員和未來(lái)的總統(tǒng)，詹姆斯·加菲爾德預(yù)言性地說(shuō)，“當(dāng)一個(gè)二流的伊利諾伊州律師成為發(fā)表將在所有未來(lái)時(shí)代都值得紀(jì)念的話語(yǔ)的工具時(shí)，這是世界歷史上的一個(gè)奇怪現(xiàn)象。”

Yes, Lincoln was a remarkable person and leader because that simple, humble man, who literally came from the wilderness, fought for every ounce of self-education, not only fulfilled his true purpose signing the Emancipation Proclamation; he ended one age of United States social and economic history and unleashed the birth of a new nation.

確實(shí)，林肯是一個(gè)卓越的人物和領(lǐng)袖。這位出身貧寒、謙遜的人，幾乎是從荒野中一步步奮斗而來(lái)，他為了自我教育的每一點(diǎn)進(jìn)步而努力。他不僅通過(guò)簽署《解放奴隸宣言》實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的真正使命；他還終結(jié)了美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)歷史上的一個(gè)時(shí)代，并催生了一個(gè)新國(guó)家的誕生。

Matthew Sutton
Is Abraham Lincoln the greatest President that the US has ever had?
Many do consider him the greatest, and just about any credible, mainstream ranking of Presidents will place him in the top three.

亞伯拉罕·林肯是否是美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)？
很多人確實(shí)這么認(rèn)為，幾乎所有可信的、主流的總統(tǒng)排名都將他列入前三名。

He probably had the single most difficult Presidency and managed to pull off what in retrospect seems implausible for any mortal. He saw many of his officers resign to join the Confederacy which he still defeated and occupied in the bloodiest war in US history (to date the CSA is largest country ever 'annexed', and the unx had to extemporize a massive army, navy and industrial war machine in months in order to achieve victory).

他可能經(jīng)歷了最為艱難的總統(tǒng)任期，并成功完成了現(xiàn)在看來(lái)對(duì)任何人來(lái)說(shuō)都幾乎不可能的壯舉。他的許多官員辭職加入了南方聯(lián)盟，但他最終還是擊敗并占領(lǐng)了他們，這是迄今為止美國(guó)歷史上最血腥的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)（到目前為止，南部邦聯(lián)是被"吞并"的最大國(guó)家，而聯(lián)邦不得不在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)迅速組建起龐大的軍隊(duì)、海軍和工業(yè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器以取得勝利）。

Lincoln settled both the slavery and states right's issues which had been political crises for decades, essentially recreating the political landscape and recreating the role of the federal government, and he did so under withering opposition from every side, and a common belief that he was an inept, easily manipulated stooge (only after his death did many grudgingly realize that he was a man of tremendous intellect and moral courage). His five years in office was essentially a non-stop emergency only ended by his death. The fractured country he inherited he left to following generations as a transformed nation capable of growing into a world superpower.

林肯解決了長(zhǎng)期作為政治危機(jī)的奴隸制和州權(quán)問(wèn)題，基本上重塑了政治格局和聯(lián)邦政府的角色，盡管他面臨著來(lái)自各方的激烈反對(duì)，并且普遍被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)無(wú)能、容易被操縱的傀儡（直到他去世后，許多人才不情愿地意識(shí)到他是一個(gè)具有巨大智慧和道德勇氣的人）。他的五年任期基本上是一個(gè)無(wú)休止的緊急狀態(tài)，直到他去世才結(jié)束。他接手的是分裂的國(guó)家，留給后代的是一個(gè)能夠成長(zhǎng)為世界超級(jí)大國(guó)的變革后的國(guó)家。

Still, there are other Presidents that have set precedents of exemplary leadership and conscientious government (Washington, Eisenhower), decisiveness in critical moments (Jackson, Truman), consistent effectiveness (Polk, FDR, LBJ), or redefining the possibilities of the office (Teddy Roosevelt, Wilson) or have had such a monumental influence on American political thought (Adams, Jefferson, Madison) that Lincoln is not without competition.

盡管如此，還有其他總統(tǒng)樹(shù)立了卓越領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和良心政府的典范（如華盛頓、艾森豪威爾），在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻表現(xiàn)出果斷（如杰克遜、杜魯門(mén)），一貫展現(xiàn)出高效（如波爾克、羅斯福、約翰遜），或者重新定義了總統(tǒng)職位的可能性（如泰迪·羅斯福、威爾遜），或者對(duì)美國(guó)政治思想產(chǎn)生了巨大影響（如亞當(dāng)斯、杰斐遜、麥迪遜），因此林肯并非沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

Washington created the entire concept of "President". He determined how the Chief Executive balanced civilian interests to military ones (was he a general in charge of executing Congress's laws or a civilian in nominal charge of the military? does he sit on a throne or at a desk? how much does he defer to Congress?), how he interacted with the other two branches of government, how he was disinterested in using the office for personal gain or the establishment of a political dynasty.

華盛頓塑造了“總統(tǒng)”這一角色的整個(gè)概念。他確立了首席行政官如何平衡民間和軍事利益的方式（他是負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行國(guó)會(huì)法律的將軍，還是名義上統(tǒng)帥軍隊(duì)的平民？他是坐在寶座上還是辦公桌前？他對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)的依賴(lài)程度有多大？），他與其他兩個(gè)政府部門(mén)如何互動(dòng)，他對(duì)利用職權(quán)謀求個(gè)人利益或建立政治王朝毫無(wú)興趣。

He decided to simply govern as a citizen and strongly rejected the trappings of authority, ceremony, pomp, circumstance and courtly aloofness that distinguish many ruling regimes around the world. At the time he was President there were few examples (since Republican Rome) of how a democratic republic without even a ceremonial monarchy could or would function. He himself stepped down after serving only two terms, while he certainly could've been continuously elected as President for the rest of his life (he was one of the few politicians embraced by both the Democrats and Federalists), and he also could have groomed a potential successor. However had Washington set such an unhealthy precedent it probably would've been disastrous to the future stability of the United States.

他選擇以一個(gè)公民的身份來(lái)治理國(guó)家，堅(jiān)決拒絕那些權(quán)威的象征、儀式、排場(chǎng)、環(huán)境和宮廷式的冷漠，這些在世界各地的許多統(tǒng)治政權(quán)中都很常見(jiàn)。在他擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)時(shí)，幾乎沒(méi)有先例（自羅馬共和國(guó)以來(lái)）表明一個(gè)沒(méi)有儀式性君主制的民主共和國(guó)能夠或?qū)?huì)如何運(yùn)作。他選擇在僅連任兩屆后主動(dòng)卸任，盡管他完全有可能持續(xù)被選為總統(tǒng)直到生命的盡頭（他是為數(shù)不多的被民主黨和聯(lián)邦黨人都接受的政治家之一），他也完全有可能培養(yǎng)一個(gè)潛在的繼任者。然而，如果華盛頓當(dāng)時(shí)樹(shù)立了這樣一個(gè)不健康的先例（總統(tǒng)可以持續(xù)性連任），那可能對(duì)美國(guó)未來(lái)的穩(wěn)定造成災(zāi)難性的影響。

Jefferson as a young man wrote the Declaration of Independence, a profound Enlightenment statement of fundamental, inalienable human rights that served as inspiration for revolutionaries around the world. His importance as stalwart champion of individual, personal dignity and his wariness of government power have proven influential in American political life. As President, he nevertheless shrewdly acted outside strict Constitutional bounds to purchase the territory of Louisiana: more than doubling the geographic extent of the new United States. He sent two peaceful expeditions to survey the new territories and to become acquainted with native peoples who lived there. The Lewis and Clark expedition conclusively showed that the Mississippi-Missouri river system had no outlet to the Pacific (an idea fancied for centuries). He also kept the United States from being drawn into the Napoleonic Wars.

杰斐遜在年輕時(shí)起草了《獨(dú)立宣言》，這份宣言深刻地闡述了基本的、不可剝奪的人權(quán)，是啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要文獻(xiàn)，激勵(lì)了全世界的革命者。他堅(jiān)定地捍衛(wèi)個(gè)人尊嚴(yán)，對(duì)政府權(quán)力保持警惕，這些觀點(diǎn)在美國(guó)政治生活中產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。作為總統(tǒng)，他巧妙地采取了一些超出嚴(yán)格憲法范圍的行動(dòng)，例如購(gòu)買(mǎi)路易斯安那領(lǐng)土，使美國(guó)的地理范圍擴(kuò)大了一倍以上。他還派遣了兩支和平探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)去勘測(cè)新獲得的領(lǐng)土，并與當(dāng)?shù)卦∶窠⒙?lián)系。劉易斯和克拉克的探險(xiǎn)之旅最終證實(shí)了密西西比-密蘇里河水系并沒(méi)有如人們幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)所想象的那樣流入太平洋。此外，杰斐遜還成功避免了美國(guó)卷入拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

Madison somehow managed to the keep the United States from disintegrating during the War of 1812 and even managed to see it through on relatively favorable terms. He also was one of the primary architects of the US Constitution and is usually credited with writing the Bill of Rights.

麥迪遜在1812年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間以某種方式設(shè)法維持了美國(guó)的統(tǒng)一，甚至還成功地讓國(guó)家在相對(duì)有利的條件下結(jié)束了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。他也是美國(guó)憲法的主要設(shè)計(jì)者之一，并且通常被認(rèn)為是《權(quán)利法案》的起草人。

Polk acquired Texas, and (depending on the version of history you subscribe to engineered a war) with Mexico that netted the United States colossal amounts of territory bringing it all the way to the Pacific ocean...he also created the Dept of Interior to manage federal lands and deal with native American issues in a coherent fashion, and he created the treasury system that wasn't replaced until the Federal Reserve and income taxes came into being in 1913.

波克（Polk）收購(gòu)了德克薩斯州，并且（根據(jù)不同的歷史版本，可能是經(jīng)過(guò)精心策劃的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）與墨西哥發(fā)動(dòng)了一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使得美國(guó)獲得了大量領(lǐng)土，擴(kuò)展至太平洋。他還創(chuàng)建了內(nèi)政部，以有條理的方式管理聯(lián)邦土地和處理與美洲原住民的事務(wù)，并設(shè)立了財(cái)政系統(tǒng)，直到1913年聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)和所得稅的建立才被替代。

Ted Roosevelt had the foresight to create the national parks system. Wilson pushed for the creation of an international organization of governments that could peacefully resolve misunderstandings and provide a platform for transnational cooperation--the League of Nations failed but it was reborn as the United Nations.

泰迪·羅斯福具有先見(jiàn)之明，創(chuàng)立了國(guó)家公園體系。威爾遜則推動(dòng)成立了一個(gè)國(guó)際政府組織，旨在和平解決爭(zhēng)端并促進(jìn)跨國(guó)合作——盡管?chē)?guó)際聯(lián)盟未能成功，但它后來(lái)演變?yōu)槁?lián)合國(guó)。

FDR expanded the federal government's role in American life with ambitious stimulus and public works projects that brought electricity, water, communications and highways to much of America, programs like social security aimed to reduce the blight of destitute elderly, and he saw the US enter and play a major role in defeating Fascism--all the time hiding the fact that he was paralyzed.

富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福（FDR）通過(guò)雄心勃勃的刺激計(jì)劃和公共工程擴(kuò)大了聯(lián)邦政府在美國(guó)人民生活中的作用，這些項(xiàng)目將電力、水、通信和高速公路帶到了美國(guó)大部分地區(qū)。他還推出了社會(huì)保障等計(jì)劃，以減輕貧困老年人的困境。同時(shí)，他帶領(lǐng)美國(guó)參與并發(fā)揮了在擊敗法西斯主義中的重大作用——而這一切，他都是在自己癱瘓的狀態(tài)下完成的。

Truman acted to prevented a possible nuclear war with China over Korea, kept W Berlin fed, made the decision to use nuclear weapons on Japan, and found himself President of the most powerful version of the USA the world had yet seen. His Presidency oversaw the massive subsidies that would largely rebuild postwar Western Europe and Japan, and redefine America's role in the world as an active opponent of Com...ism.
Depending on who you talk to and what their values are any one of these Presidents might be considered if not the greatest, great.

杜魯門(mén)采取措施，避免了因朝鮮問(wèn)題可能與中國(guó)爆發(fā)的核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，確保了西柏林的物資供應(yīng)，做出了對(duì)日本使用核武器的關(guān)鍵決策，并成為了當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最強(qiáng)大的美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)。在他的總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)，通過(guò)大規(guī)模的補(bǔ)貼計(jì)劃，美國(guó)在很大程度上重建了戰(zhàn)后的西歐和日本，并重新定義了美國(guó)在世界上作為GCZY的積極對(duì)抗者的角色。
根據(jù)你與誰(shuí)交談以及他們的價(jià)值觀，這些總統(tǒng)中的任何一位都可能被認(rèn)為是偉大的，甚至是最好的。

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

亞伯拉罕·林肯是個(gè)好總統(tǒng)嗎?（下）