Yang Jingyu.

楊靖宇


This one Chinese resistance fighter made his mark in the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1940 and sent ripples into military history, although perhaps not famous in the West as he ought to be.

這位中國抗戰(zhàn)英雄在1940年第二次中日戰(zhàn)爭中留下了深刻的印記，盡管在西方他的名聲可能沒有應(yīng)有的那樣響亮。
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When his unit was destroyed, Yang kept fighting alone through the bitter winter in Manchuria.

當他的部隊被摧毀時，楊靖宇依然在滿洲的嚴冬中孤身作戰(zhàn)。

When his body was finally found by Japanese forces, they were astonished to find that Yang survived on tree bark and grass.

當他的尸體最終被日本軍隊發(fā)現(xiàn)時，他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)楊竟然以樹皮和草為生。

Spent his last days leading the Japanese on an incredibly long and exhausting chase through deep snow to force them to massively waste resources and heavy casualties since he was mortally wounded.

他在生命的最后時光，拖延了日本軍隊在深雪中的追擊，迫使他們大量浪費資源并遭受重創(chuàng)，盡管他已經(jīng)重傷不治。

So impressed was the Japanese commander with Yang's commitment that he held a full military funeral for his defeated foe.

日本指揮官對楊的堅韌感到深深震撼，甚至為這位被擊敗的敵人舉行了盛大的軍葬。

More than this, however, the single act of resistance marked a turning point in Japanese military psychology.

然而，楊的這一抵抗行動不僅如此，它還標志著日本軍事心理的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。

The last stand of Yang dramatically altered Japanese strategic thinking over the cost of holding onto China.

楊靖宇的最后一戰(zhàn)戲劇性地改變了日本對維持在中國統(tǒng)治成本的戰(zhàn)略思考。

Most of all, though, was that the psychological effect rather than the tactical-he had tied down a whole Japanese battalion.

最重要的是，這種影響更多體現(xiàn)在心理層面而非戰(zhàn)術(shù)層面——他牽制了一個營。

It is here that Yang showed remarkable resolution in resistance, which really fractured the Japanese military's belief that China could be coerced into submission by force alone.

正是在這里，楊展示了非凡的抵抗決心，這實際上動搖了日本軍方對中國可以單靠武力強迫屈服的信念。

What Yang Jingyu did was to show that one soldier's resolve could make a strategic difference far beyond the immediate battlefield and impinge on the bigger outcome of the war.

楊靖宇所做的是表明，單個士兵的決心可以在戰(zhàn)略層面產(chǎn)生遠超即時戰(zhàn)場的影響，并影響戰(zhàn)爭的更大結(jié)果。

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Henrey Bradley

亨利·布拉德利

Invasion of South Georgia, 1982

1982年入侵南喬治亞島

Royal Marine, Sergeant Major Peter J. Leach, the Sniper who fought a Warship.

皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊軍士長彼得·J·利奇，這是位與軍艦交戰(zhàn)的狙擊手。


The 22 man Royal Marine section, tasked with defending South Georgia, Sergeant Major Peter Leach is standing 4th from right. This photo was taken minutes before the battle began.

由22名皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊組成的防守南喬治亞島的分隊，軍士長彼得·利奇站在右起第四位。這張照片是在戰(zhàn)斗開始前幾分鐘拍攝的。

The battle was fought at the former whaling station of Grytviken, for control of King Edwards Cove and South Georgia. An Argentinian invasion force, backed by a Warship and attack helicopters attempted to overwhelm a small detachment of Royal marines, it stands out as a unique feat in the annuals of military history, when a lone sniper fought a warship.

戰(zhàn)斗發(fā)生在前捕鯨站格里特維肯，爭奪國王愛德華灣和南喬治亞島的控制權(quán)。阿根廷的入侵部隊在軍艦和攻擊直升機的支持下，試圖壓倒一小隊皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊。這一戰(zhàn)斗在軍事歷史上獨樹一幟，因一名狙擊手與軍艦交戰(zhàn)而聞名。

With no hope of reinforcements, the Royal marines set about booby-trapping and fortifying the area at king Edward point, near the entrance of the bay, with trip wires and landmines. They prepared a final line of defences around the BAS building; Shackleton House. “They even fashioned an enormous bomb beneath the jetty, packed with nuts, bolts and harpoon heads.”

在沒有增援希望的情況下，皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊開始在國王愛德華點附近的海灣入口處設(shè)下圈套和加固防線，布置了絆線和地雷。他們在英國南極考察站的“沙克爾頓屋”周圍準備了一道最后的防線?！八麄兩踔猎诖a頭下制作了一枚巨大的炸彈，里面裝滿了螺母、螺栓和魚叉頭?！?/b>


During the Battle, the Royal marines would shoot down two Argentinian Helicopters, the first an SA-330 Puma within minutes of the group photo above. With the Helicopters downed and casualties/wounded mounting, the Argentinian forces called for support from the Warship - ARA Guerrico, which entered the narrow cove and began laying down heavy fire.

在戰(zhàn)斗中，皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊擊落了兩架阿根廷直升機，第一架是SA-330美洲獅直升機，就在上面那張合影后的幾分鐘內(nèi)。隨著直升機被擊落和傷亡人數(shù)不斷增加，阿根廷軍隊向軍艦——ARA Guerrico請求支援，該軍艦進入了狹窄的海灣并開始進行猛烈的炮擊。

The defence mounted by his outnumbered team, enabled Sniper Peter Leach to take his position in Shackleton house. Moving between windows on the second floor, Sergeant Major Leach would unleash barrages of accurate fire onto Helicopters, Argentine Marines and the Warship - ARA Guerrico. *Leach was reportedly capable of putting a hole in the centre of a man's forehead at 1,000 meter.

由于他人數(shù)較少的團隊的防守，狙擊手彼得·利奇得以在沙克爾頓屋內(nèi)就位。在二樓的窗戶之間移動，軍士長利奇向直升機、阿根廷海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊和軍艦ARA Guerrico發(fā)射了密集而準確的火力。據(jù)報道，利奇能夠在1000米的距離上擊中一個人的額頭中心。


Lying on a table on the second floor, the Sergeant Major placed his cross-hair on the approaching warship’s bridge, he adjusted his sights for a range of 500m and waited. Due to the thick kelp beds and submerged rocks at the mouth of the narrow cove, the Frigate approached slowly, gently cruising into the range of Leach's team. "Fire!" came the command and every weapon burst into action. Sergeant Major Leach began firing carefully aimed methodical shots at the vessel. He directed his opening rounds at the front of the bridge, where Captain Alfonso and the bridge crew were manning the station as glass began to explode inwards. The Bridge crew were forced to crouch down behind ship’s substructures to avoid being hit by the rapid succession of accurate shots coming from Leach’s sniper rifle. It was at this point that Leach knocked out the ship radio on the bridge and severely wounded an officer.

在二樓的桌子上，軍士長將準星對準了逐漸接近的戰(zhàn)艦指揮橋，他將瞄準鏡調(diào)至500米的射程并靜候。由于狹窄海灣口的厚重海帶和水下礁石，這艘護衛(wèi)艦緩緩靠近，小心翼翼地駛?cè)肜嫘￡牭纳涑虄?nèi)?！伴_火！”指令一下達，所有武器立即爆發(fā)。軍士長利奇開始仔細瞄準并射擊，朝艦船指揮橋前部開火，艦長阿方索和指揮橋上的船員正駐守在崗位上，隨著玻璃向內(nèi)炸裂，指揮橋的船員被迫躲在艦船的結(jié)構(gòu)后面，以避開利奇狙擊步槍的連續(xù)精準射擊。這時，利奇擊毀了指揮橋上的艦船無線電設(shè)備，并重傷了一名軍官。

Leach, supported by his fellow marines then targeted the main gun and Exocet anti-ship missile launcher knocking both out of commission. When the damage control parties attempted to get the armament working, Leach struck again killing and wounding anyone brave enough to walk the deck. Another Royal marine would strike the hull with a well aimed Carl Gustav shot, leaving a gaping hole in it’s starboard side. This left the warship listing to starboard and riddled with bullet-holes, forcing it to retreat for repairs.

利奇在隊友的支援下，隨后將目標轉(zhuǎn)向主炮和飛魚反艦導彈發(fā)射器，將其擊毀。當損管小隊試圖恢復武器時，利奇再次開火，擊殺和打傷了任何敢于走上甲板的人。另一位皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊員用精準的卡爾·古斯塔夫炮擊中了船體，在其右舷打出一個巨大的破口。這讓戰(zhàn)艦向右舷傾斜，滿是彈孔，不得不退回修理。

“When ARA Guerrico approached King Edward Cove, it was a well-armed and dangerous warship. Not even 15 minutes later, the ship was little more than a floating wreck in desperate need of repairs.”

“當阿根廷海軍‘格里戈’號靠近愛德華王灣時，這是一艘裝備精良且危險的戰(zhàn)艦。不到15分鐘后，它幾乎成了一艘需要緊急修理的漂浮殘骸?！?/b>

It’s said the fighting only ended when the acting royal marine officer walked brazenly towards the Argentinians and declared his men would keep fighting unless they agreed to his terms, which included safe passage off the island and return to Britain. The Argentinians agreed, but were astonished to discover they had only been fighting 22 Royal Marines.

據(jù)說戰(zhàn)斗直到代理皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊軍官大膽地走向阿根廷人并宣布他的部隊會繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗，除非對方同意他的條件為止，這些條件包括安全撤離島嶼并返回英國。阿根廷人同意了，但他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己僅僅在與22名皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊員作戰(zhàn)。

*Fun fact; The British government instructed the small detachment of Royal Marines before the battle - "Not to resist beyond the point where lives might be lost to no avail."

*有趣的是，在戰(zhàn)斗前，英國政府曾指示這支皇家海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊小分隊：“不要在生命白白犧牲的情況下繼續(xù)抵抗?！?/b>
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Mariano Paniello

馬里亞諾·帕涅羅

Leo Major (even his name is like something out of a movie!), a Canadian solider in WWII, captured the Dutch town of Zwolle by himself over the period of a day. Sounds too outlandish to be true, but it’s true. And he did this after having previously lost an eye to a phosphorus grenade. From the Wikipedia article on him:

里奧·馬約爾（就連他的名字都像電影里的角色！），一位二戰(zhàn)時期的加拿大士兵，在一天之內(nèi)獨自解放了荷蘭小鎮(zhèn)茲沃勒。聽起來像是天方夜譚，但這確實是真的。而他在此之前，已經(jīng)因磷彈爆炸失去了一只眼睛。以下是他在維基百科上的簡介：

“Major then proceeded to run throughout the city firing his sub-machine gun, throwing grenades and making so much noise that he fooled the Germans into thinking that the Canadian Army was storming the city in earnest. As he was doing this, he would attack and capture German troops. About 10 times during the night, he captured groups of 8 to 10 German soldiers, escorted them out of the city and handed them over to French-Canadian troops waiting in the vicinity. After transferring his prisoners, he would return to Zwolle to continue his assault. Four times during the night, he had to force his way into civilians' houses to rest. He eventually located the Gestapo HQ and set the building on fire. Later stumbling upon the SS HQ, he engaged in a quick but deadly fight with eight Nazi officers: four were killed, the others fled. He noticed that two of the SS men he had just killed were disguised as Resistance members. The Zwolle Resistance had been (or was going to be), infiltrated by the Nazis.”

“馬約爾在整個城市內(nèi)奔跑，使用沖鋒槍開火，投擲手榴彈，制造出巨大的聲響，把德軍騙得以為加拿大軍隊正在大舉攻城。在此過程中，他不斷襲擊并俘虜?shù)萝娛勘?。夜間大約有10次，他俘獲了8到10人一組的德軍士兵，將他們押送出城并交給駐守附近的法裔加拿大士兵。每次轉(zhuǎn)交完俘虜后，他都會返回茲沃勒，繼續(xù)他的突襲行動。期間有四次他不得不闖入平民的房子內(nèi)休息。他最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了蓋世太?？偛坎⒎呕馃龤Я私ㄖ?。稍后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了黨衛(wèi)軍總部，并與八名納粹軍官展開了一場短暫但激烈的戰(zhàn)斗：四人被他擊斃，剩下的逃走了。他還注意到其中兩名被擊斃的黨衛(wèi)軍軍官偽裝成了抵抗組織成員。茲沃勒的抵抗組織已經(jīng)（或即將）被納粹滲透?！?/b>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Murathan Kale

穆拉坦·卡萊

A Turkish artilleryman lifts a 215 kilogram shell singlehanded for loading in a cannon. Corporal Seyit (Seyit Onbasi) is famous for having carried three 215 kg shells to an artillery gun during the Allied attempt to force the Dardanelles on 18 March 1915. Born in a village of Havran, he enlisted into the army in April 1909. After serving in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 he was transferred to the forts defending the Mediterranean entrance to the Dardanelles. Following the heavy naval bombardment of the forts guarding the Narrows on March 18, 1915, the gun he was serving in the Mecidiye fort remained operational but its shell crane had been damaged. Seyit carried three 215 kg artillery shells up to the gun enabling it to continue firing on the attacking Allied fleet. One of the shells reputedly hit the British pre-dreadnought HMS Ocean, most probably contributing greatly to the repulse of the Allied naval assault.

一名土耳其炮兵單手舉起一枚215公斤的炮彈準備裝入大炮。下士塞義特（Seyit Onba??）因在1915年3月18日盟軍試圖突破達達尼爾海峽的戰(zhàn)斗中，將三枚215公斤的炮彈搬運到火炮處而聞名。塞義特出生于哈夫蘭村，于1909年4月參軍。在1912-1913年的巴爾干戰(zhàn)爭中服役后，他被調(diào)往守衛(wèi)達達尼爾海峽地中海入口的堡壘。1915年3月18日，在守護海峽要塞遭受猛烈的海軍轟炸后，他所服役的梅吉迪耶堡的火炮仍然可以運作，但炮彈吊裝設(shè)備已損壞。塞義特徒手將三枚215公斤的炮彈搬運到火炮處，使大炮能夠繼續(xù)向進攻的盟軍艦隊開火。據(jù)說其中一發(fā)炮彈擊中了英國無畏艦“海洋號”，極有可能對擊退盟軍的海軍進攻起到了重要作用。


After that Seyid was promoted to corporal and publicised as an iconic Turkish hero. He was discharged in 1918 and became a forester and later coal-miner. He took the surname ?abuk in 1934 with the passing of the Surname Law. He died of a lung disease in 1939. A statue of him carrying a shell was erected in 1992, just south of Kilitbahir Castle on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

之后，塞義特被晉升為下士，并被塑造成土耳其的英雄形象。他于1918年退伍，之后成為一名護林員，后來做過煤礦工人。1934年隨著《姓氏法》的實施，他取了“?abuk”作為姓氏。他于1939年因肺病去世。1992年，在加里波利半島基利特巴希爾城堡以南樹立了一座他扛炮彈的雕像。
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Edit: There are some skeptics who think that this story might have been invented for propaganda reasons. First of all, the Ottomans were not as sophisticated as the Allies or the USA regrading propaganda strategies. When it comes to propaganda, misinformation and psychological tactics for manipulating the masses, the Western countries are way ahead of the Turks. Secondly, the only eye witnesses were the few soldiers operating the gun. Nevertheless, according to military records, the crane of the canon was broken and the rounds fired. The battleship Ocean was hit by a cannon shell exactly at a position where it was facing this particular fort. (The picture was shot after the war, to imitate the moment.)

后記：也有一些懷疑論者認為這個故事可能是為了宣傳而虛構(gòu)的。首先，奧斯曼人不如盟軍或美國那樣精通宣傳策略。在宣傳、誤導信息和操控大眾心理戰(zhàn)術(shù)方面，西方國家比土耳其人領(lǐng)先得多。其次，唯一的目擊者只是操作火炮的幾名士兵。然而，根據(jù)軍事記錄，火炮的吊裝設(shè)備確實損壞了，炮彈也確實被發(fā)射了。“海洋號”戰(zhàn)艦正是在面對這個堡壘的位置上被一枚炮彈擊中的。（這張照片是在戰(zhàn)后拍攝的，意圖模仿當時的情景。）

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Bill Cipher

比爾·塞弗

For me it would be Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko.

對我來說，會是柳德米拉·米哈伊洛夫娜·巴甫利琴科。


Her score of 309 kills likely places her within the top five snipers of all time, but her kills may be significantly more numerous, as a confirmed kill has to be witnessed by a third party.

她的戰(zhàn)績?yōu)?09人，這可能使她躋身史上前五狙擊手之列，但實際擊殺人數(shù)可能更多，因為確認擊殺必須有第三方見證。

Pavlichenko fought for about 2+1?2 months during the Siege of Odessa and is credited with killing 187 soldiers. She was promoted to senior sergeant in August 1941, when she added 100 more kills to her official tally. At 25, she married a fellow sniper, Alexei Kitsenko. Soon after the marriage, Kitsenko was mortally wounded by a mortar shell and died from his injuries a few days later in the hospital.

巴甫利琴科在敖德薩圍城戰(zhàn)中戰(zhàn)斗了約兩個半月，被記載擊殺了187名士兵。1941年8月，她被晉升為高級中士，并將自己的官方擊殺數(shù)再增加了100名士兵。25歲時，她與一名狙擊手阿列克謝·基岑科結(jié)婚。不久后，基岑科被迫擊炮彈重傷，幾天后在醫(yī)院傷重不治去世。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處


When the Nazis and their Romanian allies overran Odessa on 15 October 1941, her unit was withdrawn by sea to Sevastopol, on the Crimean Peninsula, to fight in the siege of Sevastopol. There, she trained other snipers, who were credited with killing over 100 Axis soldiers during the battle. In May 1942, newly promoted Lieutenant Pavlichenko was cited by the Southern Army Council for killing 257 Axis soldiers. The number of soldiers Pavlichenko is credited with killing during World War 2 was 309, including 36 Axis snipers.

當納粹及其羅馬尼亞盟友于1941年10月15日攻陷敖德薩后，她的部隊通過海路撤往克里米亞半島的塞瓦斯托波爾，在那里參與了塞瓦斯托波爾圍城戰(zhàn)。在該戰(zhàn)役中，她訓練了其他狙擊手，這些人共擊殺了100多名軸心國士兵。1942年5月，新晉升的中尉巴甫利琴科因擊殺257名軸心國士兵而受到南方軍區(qū)的表彰。巴甫利琴科在二戰(zhàn)中的擊殺數(shù)被記載為309人，其中包括36名軸心國狙擊手。

In June 1942, Pavlichenko was hit in the face with shrapnel from a mortar shell. When she was injured, the Soviet High Command ordered for her to be evacuated from Sevastopol via submarine.

1942年6月，巴甫利琴科被迫擊炮彈的彈片擊中面部。受傷后，蘇聯(lián)最高指揮部命令將她通過潛艇從塞瓦斯托波爾撤離。

She spent around a month in the hospital. Once she had recovered from her injuries, instead of being sent back to the front, she became a propagandist for the Red Army, where she was nicknamed "Lady Death." (The Germans called her "the Russian bitch from hell.") She also trained snipers for combat duty until the end of the war in 1945.

她在醫(yī)院中待了約一個月?？祻秃螅⑽幢慌苫厍熬€，而是成為了紅軍的宣傳員，被稱為“女死神”（德軍稱她為“來自地獄的俄國惡婦”）。她還在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束前一直訓練狙擊手執(zhí)行戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)，直到1945年。