中國(guó)剛剛推出兩艘新型商業(yè)航天器
China Just Unveiled Two New Commercial Spacecraft
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
在 2024 年 11 月珠海航展前幾周，中國(guó)為中國(guó)空間站推出了兩艘新型商業(yè)貨運(yùn)飛船：昊龍一號(hào)（由中航工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)）和輕舟號(hào)（由上海微衛(wèi)星又名 SECM 開發(fā)）。這兩艘航天器是在公開征求建議書后選出的，其中包括商業(yè)公司的投標(biāo)——這對(duì)中國(guó)及其載人航天機(jī)構(gòu) CMSA 來說都是第一次。
正文翻譯
"Tianzhou" is a cargo spacecraft that China has been using since 2017, launched every 9 months with the Long March 7 rocket to deliver supplies, propellant, and scientific experiments to astronauts aboard the Chinese space station in orbit. Its payload capacity is 7.5 tons. Compared to similar spacecraft around the world, this is a considerably large payload capacity, but it reduces flexibility because a larger payload means fewer launch times. Therefore, China needs a smaller spacecraft.
“天舟”是中國(guó)自2017年以來一直在使用的貨運(yùn)飛船，每9個(gè)月用長(zhǎng)征七號(hào)發(fā)射一次，為在軌的中國(guó)空間站上的宇航員運(yùn)送補(bǔ)給、推進(jìn)劑和科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，它的載荷能力是7.5噸。與全球同類飛船相比，這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的載荷能力，但這減少了靈活性，因?yàn)楦蟮妮d荷意味著發(fā)射次數(shù)更少。所以中國(guó)需要一艘更小的飛船。
On May 16, 2023, the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) issued a request for proposals for a "low-cost cargo transportation system" to the Chinese space station. This solicitation was open to all companies, including commercial ones. In 2024, two suppliers were sexted: "Haolong One" from the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and "Qingzhou" from the Shanghai Microsystem and Information Technology Institute. The introduction of these two new commercial spacecraft marks a new era in the material supply services for the Chinese space station.
2023年5月16日，中國(guó)載人航天局（CMSA）發(fā)布了一個(gè)征求建議書，尋求到中國(guó)空間站的“低成本貨運(yùn)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)”，這次征集對(duì)所有公司開放，包括商業(yè)公司。2024年，兩家供應(yīng)商被選中，分別是來自中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司的“昊龍一號(hào)”和來自上海微系統(tǒng)所的“輕舟”。這兩艘新型商業(yè)航天器的推出標(biāo)志著中國(guó)空間站物資補(bǔ)給服務(wù)的新紀(jì)元。
2023年5月16日，中國(guó)載人航天局（CMSA）發(fā)布了一個(gè)征求建議書，尋求到中國(guó)空間站的“低成本貨運(yùn)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)”，這次征集對(duì)所有公司開放，包括商業(yè)公司。2024年，兩家供應(yīng)商被選中，分別是來自中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司的“昊龍一號(hào)”和來自上海微系統(tǒng)所的“輕舟”。這兩艘新型商業(yè)航天器的推出標(biāo)志著中國(guó)空間站物資補(bǔ)給服務(wù)的新紀(jì)元。
"Haolong One," designed by the aviation industry giant AVIC, stands out for its unique space shuttle design and swept-back delta wings, capable of horizontal landing. The spacecraft is 10 meters long and 8 meters wide, with a payload capacity of 1.8 tons, compatible with the standard docking mechanism of the Chinese space station. The wings of "Haolong One" are foldable to accommodate different launch mission requirements. Additionally, its return capability will greatly enhance China's ability to bring payloads back from the space station.
“昊龍一號(hào)”由航空工業(yè)巨頭中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司（AVIC）設(shè)計(jì)，以其獨(dú)特的航天飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和后掠三角翼而引人注目，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)水平著陸。該飛船總長(zhǎng)10米，寬8米，載荷能力達(dá)到1.8噸，與中國(guó)空間站的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)接機(jī)制兼容?！瓣积堃惶?hào)”的翅膀可折疊，以適應(yīng)不同的發(fā)射任務(wù)需求。此外，其返回能力將極大增強(qiáng)中國(guó)從空間站帶回有效載荷的能力。
“昊龍一號(hào)”由航空工業(yè)巨頭中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司（AVIC）設(shè)計(jì)，以其獨(dú)特的航天飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和后掠三角翼而引人注目，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)水平著陸。該飛船總長(zhǎng)10米，寬8米，載荷能力達(dá)到1.8噸，與中國(guó)空間站的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)接機(jī)制兼容?！瓣积堃惶?hào)”的翅膀可折疊，以適應(yīng)不同的發(fā)射任務(wù)需求。此外，其返回能力將極大增強(qiáng)中國(guó)從空間站帶回有效載荷的能力。
Competing with "Haolong One" is the "Qingzhou" spacecraft designed by the Shanghai Microsystem and Information Technology Institute, which is set to have its first launch in September 2025. "Qingzhou" features a single integrated module design, providing 27 square meters of payload space, capable not only of transporting supplies to the space station but also carrying spacecraft systems, such as propulsion and optional refrigeration units. "Qingzhou's" payload capacity ranges from 1.8 to 2 tons. Although not reusable, it will serve as a means of unloading waste, capable of carrying up to 2.9 tons of waste to burn upon departure. Reports indicate that its cost is about 100 million RMB per ton, below the government-set limit of 120 million RMB per ton.
與“昊龍一號(hào)”競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的是上海微系統(tǒng)所設(shè)計(jì)的“輕舟”飛船，它將在2025年9月首次發(fā)射，“輕舟”采用單一體化模塊設(shè)計(jì)，提供27平方米的載荷空間，不僅能夠?yàn)榭臻g站運(yùn)送物資，還能搭載飛船系統(tǒng)，如推進(jìn)和可選的冷藏單元。“輕舟”的有效載荷能力在1.8噸到2噸之間，雖然不可重復(fù)使用，但將作為卸載廢物的手段，最多可攜帶2.9噸廢物在撤離時(shí)燃燒。據(jù)報(bào)道，其成本約為每噸1億人民幣，低于政府設(shè)定的1.2億人民幣的上限。
與“昊龍一號(hào)”競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的是上海微系統(tǒng)所設(shè)計(jì)的“輕舟”飛船，它將在2025年9月首次發(fā)射，“輕舟”采用單一體化模塊設(shè)計(jì)，提供27平方米的載荷空間，不僅能夠?yàn)榭臻g站運(yùn)送物資，還能搭載飛船系統(tǒng)，如推進(jìn)和可選的冷藏單元。“輕舟”的有效載荷能力在1.8噸到2噸之間，雖然不可重復(fù)使用，但將作為卸載廢物的手段，最多可攜帶2.9噸廢物在撤離時(shí)燃燒。據(jù)報(bào)道，其成本約為每噸1億人民幣，低于政府設(shè)定的1.2億人民幣的上限。
The introduction of these two spacecraft is the first step in the commercialization of China's space program, with the first public bidding open to all companies, including commercial ones. This strategy is similar to NASA's Commercial Resupply and Commercial Crew programs in the late 2000s, aimed at promoting the development of space technology through competition and cooperation. It is expected that these new commercial spacecraft will be put into use in the coming years, further enhancing the operational capabilities and efficiency of the Chinese space station.
這兩艘飛船的推出是中國(guó)空間計(jì)劃商業(yè)化的第一步，首次公開招標(biāo)對(duì)所有公司開放，包括商業(yè)公司，這一策略與NASA在2000年代末的商業(yè)補(bǔ)給和商業(yè)乘員計(jì)劃相似，旨在通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和合作推動(dòng)航天技術(shù)的發(fā)展。預(yù)計(jì)這些新型商業(yè)航天器將在未來幾年內(nèi)投入使用，進(jìn)一步提升中國(guó)空間站的運(yùn)營(yíng)能力和效率。
這兩艘飛船的推出是中國(guó)空間計(jì)劃商業(yè)化的第一步，首次公開招標(biāo)對(duì)所有公司開放，包括商業(yè)公司，這一策略與NASA在2000年代末的商業(yè)補(bǔ)給和商業(yè)乘員計(jì)劃相似，旨在通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和合作推動(dòng)航天技術(shù)的發(fā)展。預(yù)計(jì)這些新型商業(yè)航天器將在未來幾年內(nèi)投入使用，進(jìn)一步提升中國(guó)空間站的運(yùn)營(yíng)能力和效率。
評(píng)論翻譯
很贊 ( 12 )
收藏
China's space development is incredibly impressive and progressing very fast.
中國(guó)的太空發(fā)展令人難以置信地印象深刻，并且進(jìn)展迅速。
Yea, but unfortunately, many of them are just at the Power Point level. E.g. the Haolong, which has not yet entered the engineering design phase, i.e. long way to go.
是的，但不幸的是，它們中的許多還只是停留在PPT階段。例如，昊龍，尚未進(jìn)入工程設(shè)計(jì)階段，也就是說，還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。
Some exciting news for the short term evolution of Chinese space developments. Comercial competitors face a steep incline, versus state owned companies - both the know-how and state backed financial robustness, make them better positioned for these demanding ventures but, like with NASA, opportunities for comercial suppliers, will surely pop up in the future. Baby steps
中國(guó)航天發(fā)展的近期進(jìn)展真是激動(dòng)人心。商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者面臨的挑戰(zhàn)很大，尤其是與那些擁有技術(shù)和國(guó)家財(cái)政支持的國(guó)有企業(yè)相比，后者在這些高要求的項(xiàng)目中顯然更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。不過，就像NASA的情況一樣，未來商業(yè)供應(yīng)商的機(jī)會(huì)肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)。這是向前邁出的小步，但非常重要。
China is smart to embrace the commercial sector, especially if their established aerospace industry is anything like ours here the US. Not mentioning any names. (Boeing!) But on the other hand a vast majority of space start ups don't ultimately succeed.
中國(guó)很聰明地選擇了與商業(yè)領(lǐng)域合作，尤其是他們的成熟航天工業(yè)和美國(guó)的情況類似。我就不具體說哪家公司了（比如波音）。但同時(shí)，大多數(shù)太空創(chuàng)業(yè)公司最終都難以成功。
A majority of startup fast-food chains don't succeed either. This statement can be made of any industry, not just space.
大多數(shù)快餐連鎖店的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)也沒有成功。這種說法可以適用于任何行業(yè)，不僅僅是太空。
China's established aerospace industry is different than anything in the US, it is state owned and does not need to make a profit so everything is automatically 30% cheaper and their focus then becomes making the best product. That also restricts their thinking a bit and that's where commercial interests help.
中國(guó)成熟的航天工業(yè)與美國(guó)完全不同，它是國(guó)有的，不需要盈利，所以一切都自動(dòng)便宜了30%，他們的重點(diǎn)隨后變成了制造最好的產(chǎn)品。這種模式也在一定程度上限制了他們的思維方式，而商業(yè)利益在這里可以起到幫助作用。
@L98fiero OH, really? I didn't know NASA was started by private commercial interest! Pardon my ignorance...
哦，是嗎？我還真不知道NASA最初是由私人商業(yè)利益推動(dòng)成立的！請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业臒o知...
China is leading in tech field.
中國(guó)在科技領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先。
Good report. China seems to be the only country learning from the (good parts) of the NASA/US commercial space development process (don’t get me started on the things we’re still doing wrong….).
Your focus on explaining the importance of the commercial RFP process is right-on as well. As you showed the contractor down-sext I caught immediately that it was the state-owned companies that made the initial cut, so I’m glad you addressed that head-on at the end.
In the US case in 2005 the big US primes opposed the commercial cargo program (COTS) but of course applied for it anyway, in spite of what they considered an unrealistically low contract value.
What is not commonly known is that they were told unofficially to not protest the awards given to the two unknown, untested, never-done-anything-yet small fry - Kistler, and SpaceX- who got less than $500m, total, split between them, over 5 years. The primes didn’t, because of the small amount of money (for them), and nothing would come of it, right? Kistler and SpaceX were each just an office, had never built anything, and would both disappear.
Well, Kistler did; SpaceX didn’t- and changed Earth history.
Best decision NASA ever made in its 66 years history.
很棒的報(bào)告。中國(guó)似乎是唯一一個(gè)從美國(guó)航天局/美國(guó)商業(yè)航天發(fā)展中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)的國(guó)家（好的方面），別提我們還在犯的錯(cuò)誤了……。
你強(qiáng)調(diào)商業(yè)招標(biāo)流程的重要性非常到位。當(dāng)你展示承包商篩選過程時(shí)，我立刻注意到入選的都是國(guó)有企業(yè)，很高興你在視頻最后直接談到了這一點(diǎn)。
2005年在美國(guó)，大型主要承包商反對(duì)商業(yè)貨運(yùn)計(jì)劃（COTS），但他們還是申請(qǐng)了，盡管他們認(rèn)為合同價(jià)值太低，不現(xiàn)實(shí)。
不為人知的是，他們被非正式告知不要去抗議給兩個(gè)不知名、沒經(jīng)驗(yàn)、從未做過任何事的小公司——Kistler和SpaceX——的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，這兩家公司在5年內(nèi)總共獲得不到5億美元的資金。大公司沒有抗議，因?yàn)閷?duì)于他們來說，這點(diǎn)錢微不足道，而且認(rèn)為不會(huì)有什么結(jié)果，對(duì)吧？Kistler和SpaceX當(dāng)時(shí)都只是一個(gè)辦公室，什么都沒造過，而且都會(huì)消失。
結(jié)果Kistler確實(shí)消失了，SpaceX沒有——它改變了地球的歷史。
這是NASA在其66年歷史中做出的最好的決定。
Don't you think that SpaceX is a bit hyped up? They seemed to have done well so far but as in any private enterprise whose existence is to maximise profits, being so hyped up may result in a shocking downfall, especially when the competition from China is fierce. Look at Tesla EVs dominance until China's EVs broke through.
你不認(rèn)為SpaceX有點(diǎn)被過度炒作了嗎？到目前為止他們表現(xiàn)得確實(shí)不錯(cuò)，但就跟任何以追求利潤(rùn)為目的的私企一樣，被捧得太高可能會(huì)突然摔得很慘，尤其是面對(duì)中國(guó)這么激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。你看特斯拉電動(dòng)車之前多么風(fēng)光，直到中國(guó)的電動(dòng)車開始崛起。
i'm curious to see how they engineered folding wings/hinge that can survive reentry/reuse
我很好奇他們是怎么解決折疊翼/鉸鏈在再入大氣層和重復(fù)使用時(shí)的耐受性問題的。
Haolong? Pretty darn long
昊龍？還真是挺長(zhǎng)的名字。
About 10 meters!
大約10米！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Good dragon?
好龍？
Haolong 昊龍，sky dragon. 寓意龍騰東方，馳騁九天，行者無疆，福澤四海。
昊龍，天空之龍。寓意著龍騰東方，馳騁九天，行者無疆，福澤四海。
@JJr-ce3vv "Sky Loong" might be better
"天空之龍"可能更好
There is a “How Long”blues song by Eric Clapton
有一首Eric Clapton唱的“How Long”藍(lán)調(diào)歌曲。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
2025 is the year we will finally see a Chinese reusable rocket. Very excited!!!
2025年我們將終于看到中國(guó)可重復(fù)使用的火箭。非常興奮！
If we got lucky, we will see the 75km flight test of a reuseable rocket by the end of December.
如果我們幸運(yùn)的話，我們將在12月底前看到可重復(fù)使用火箭的75公里飛行測(cè)試。
昊龍航天飛機(jī)。
中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)以“龍”為系列飛行器的命名，如“威龍”、“猛龍”、“梟龍”、“翼龍”等。該型航天飛機(jī)被命名為昊龍，寓意龍騰東方，馳騁九天，行者無疆，福澤四海。
昊龍航天飛機(jī)。中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)以“龍”為系列飛行器的命名，如“威龍”、“猛龍”、“梟龍”、“翼龍”等。這款航天飛機(jī)被命名為昊龍，寓意著龍騰東方，馳騁九天，行者無疆，福澤四海。
please make video on MD-19 OR MD-22 SPACE PLANE TOO
請(qǐng)制作關(guān)于MD-19或MD-22太空飛機(jī)的視頻。
Those tests doesn't even included powered working conditions, a bit sus for a project as least has been testing stage for 4 years if you ask me.
這些測(cè)試甚至沒有包括動(dòng)力工作條件，對(duì)于一個(gè)至少已經(jīng)測(cè)試了4年的項(xiàng)目來說，有點(diǎn)可疑。
Competition is doing great things do the launcher and satellite space in China, can't wait until these cargo systems can start doing missions.
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)正在為中國(guó)的發(fā)射器和衛(wèi)星空間領(lǐng)域帶來巨大的進(jìn)步，我非常期待這些貨運(yùn)系統(tǒng)能夠早日?qǐng)?zhí)行任務(wù)。
The folding wings of the Chinese space cargo will be a game changer, if this kind of spaceship is produced.
如果這種飛船被生產(chǎn)出來，中國(guó)太空貨物的折疊翼將會(huì)是游戲規(guī)則的改變者。
Thank you for the videos.
And great there is your YouTube channel because Chinese space program is not know enough…. Other channels start to speak more about, but still less deeply.
感謝你的視頻。
很高興有你的YouTube頻道，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的太空計(jì)劃還不夠?yàn)槿怂渌l道開始更多地談?wù)撍?，但仍然不夠深入?/b>
China space program is progressing ahead in a steady and continuous manner.
China unveils design of Haolong space shuttle for low-cost transport missions.
The Haolong space cargo shuttle can be launched by a carrier rocket and dock with the space station.
After separating from the space station, it can perform deorbit braking, reentry flight, before landing horizontally on an airport runway.
It has large capacities for cargo transport both to and from the space station, excellent flight environment and efficient support for operations.
It can further reduce space station cargo transport cost by repeated use.
With the existing cargo transportation systems, it aims to establish a safe, reliable, diverse, and efficient cargo transportation system between the space station and Earth.
The Haolong cargo spacecraft will lead and promote further breakthroughs and developments in China’s reusable space-Earth transportation technologies.
中國(guó)太空計(jì)劃正在穩(wěn)步且持續(xù)地向前推進(jìn)。
中國(guó)展示了用于低成本運(yùn)輸任務(wù)的“昊龍”太空穿梭機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。
“昊龍”太空貨運(yùn)穿梭機(jī)可以通過運(yùn)載火箭發(fā)射并與空間站對(duì)接。
與空間站分離后，它可以執(zhí)行離軌制動(dòng)、再入飛行，然后水平降落在機(jī)場(chǎng)跑道上。
它具有大容量的貨物運(yùn)輸能力，無論是向空間站運(yùn)輸還是從空間站返回，都能提供出色的飛行環(huán)境和高效的操作支持。
通過重復(fù)使用，它可以進(jìn)一步降低空間站貨物運(yùn)輸成本。
借助現(xiàn)有的貨物運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，它旨在建立一個(gè)安全、可靠、多樣化和高效的空間站與地球之間的貨物運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)。
“昊龍”貨運(yùn)飛船將引領(lǐng)并推動(dòng)中國(guó)可重復(fù)使用的太空-地球運(yùn)輸技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步突破和發(fā)展。
If its unmanned then ofc it will bring more stuff back since you dont need to put life support. Hope we can see it soon.
如果它是無人駕駛的，那么它當(dāng)然會(huì)帶回更多的東西，因?yàn)槟悴恍枰胖蒙С窒到y(tǒng)。希望我們能盡快看到它。
@佯謬
很久之前中國(guó)被排擠在太空技術(shù)圈之外，中國(guó)人只能一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)才有今天的成就，我覺得這沒什么值得驕傲的，讓我感到驚訝的是西方這幾十年幾乎原地踏步走，問題的關(guān)鍵是中國(guó)人努力追上了還是西方的技術(shù)發(fā)展停滯了？
@佯謬 可回收火箭是一個(gè)不小的進(jìn)步，不能說原地踏步啊。
Yes!
Haolong is Success.
是的！
昊龍成功了。
With many problems with space shuttle until final retired. China usually will built if not mature technology, we will see long term usages.
考慮到太空穿梭機(jī)在退役前遇到了許多問題，中國(guó)通常會(huì)在技術(shù)成熟之后才進(jìn)行建造，因此我們可以預(yù)見其將有長(zhǎng)期的使用價(jià)值。
Chinese is very intelligent. They will succeed
中國(guó)人非常聰明。他們會(huì)成功的。
I'm a dumbass: Why does the waste have to be transported of the station? Can't you just chuck it out, and let it burn up in the atmosphere?
我問個(gè)愚蠢的問題：為什么必須把空間站的垃圾運(yùn)走？不能直接扔出去，讓它在大氣層中燒掉嗎？
If you just chuck it out, there's a not small chance it will do a full orbit around the earth with you and hit you in the face. You have to spend fuel to deorbit it for it to touch the atmosphere.
如果你直接扔出去，它很有可能會(huì)繞地球一圈然后砸到你臉上。你必須消耗燃料來讓它脫離軌道，以便它能夠進(jìn)入大氣層。
That will become space junk.
那會(huì)成為太空垃圾。
It isn't a dumbass question at all : the junk would simply pollute the orbit you're moving on and potentially be hazardous. The way to get rid of it is as they do on the ISS, pack it all up in a Progress cargo that will burn up thereafter in the atmosphere.
這絕對(duì)不是一個(gè)愚蠢的問題：這些垃圾如果隨意丟棄，會(huì)污染你們正在使用的軌道，并且可能構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn)。處理這些垃圾的方法就像國(guó)際空間站（ISS）上的做法一樣，將它們?nèi)看虬M(jìn)“進(jìn)步號(hào)”貨運(yùn)飛船中，之后這些飛船會(huì)在大氣層中燃燒殆盡。
Commercialization of building and launching spacecraft in China is different from USA’s. USA’s commercialization is afflicted by politic and corruption— less than one handful of companies participate: SpaceX, Boeing, Blue Origin. To date only Space X has been successful.
中國(guó)建造和發(fā)射航天器的商業(yè)化與美國(guó)不同。美國(guó)的商業(yè)化受到政治和腐敗的困擾——只有少數(shù)幾家公司參與：SpaceX、波音、藍(lán)色起源。到目前為止，只有SpaceX成功了。
This video bring out a silly question:
What is wrong with simply let the trash from space station being burn up in the atmosphere (instead of spend all the money to bring it back to Earth and THEN toss it into a trash can)?
這個(gè)視頻引發(fā)了一個(gè)看似愚蠢的問題：
為什么不讓空間站的垃圾在大氣層中燒掉（而不是花費(fèi)所有錢將其帶回地球，然后再扔進(jìn)垃圾桶）？
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
China will continue to do what's best for their nation & people and there really is nothing to stop their technological and science advances which will only accelerate to beyond our solar system. As former ASML Chief Executive Officer Peter Wennink said, "The laws of physics in China are the same as here (Netherlands). The more you put them (China) under pressure, the more likely it is that they will double up their efforts."
中國(guó)將繼續(xù)做對(duì)他們的國(guó)家和人民最有利的事情，實(shí)際上沒有什么能夠阻止他們的技術(shù)和科學(xué)進(jìn)步，這些進(jìn)步只會(huì)加速，甚至超越我們的太陽系。正如前ASML首席執(zhí)行官彼得·溫尼克所說：“中國(guó)的物理定律和這里（荷蘭）是一樣的。你越是給他們（中國(guó)）施壓，他們加倍努力的可能性就越大?！?/b>
中國(guó)投資于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、技術(shù)和未來，而美國(guó)正忙于花費(fèi)/投資巨額資金在世界各地煽動(dòng)、挑釁和資助沖突、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和政權(quán)更迭，忽視了對(duì)其國(guó)家和人民最有利的事情，并積累了超過34.3萬億美元的債務(wù)。
H O W L O N G ?
多久？
昊龍 to be exactly. One of the Chinese loong species from ancient fairy tales.
昊龍，確切地說。是中國(guó)古老神話傳說中的龍的種類之一。
Are capitalist countries mistaken? China is a socialist country. Isn't it the advantage of socialist countries that state-owned enterprises enjoy national advantages? Or is it that capitalist countries cannot compete with socialist countries?
資本主義國(guó)家錯(cuò)了嗎？中國(guó)是社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。社會(huì)主義國(guó)家國(guó)有企業(yè)享有國(guó)家優(yōu)勢(shì)，這不是社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎？還是說資本主義國(guó)家無法與社會(huì)主義國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)？
Good report.. please expand your research for Chinese military and others Techs
報(bào)告很好。。。請(qǐng)擴(kuò)展對(duì)中國(guó)軍事和其他技術(shù)的研究。
Do your own research, dude
你自己做研究吧，伙計(jì)
It seems that the state owned companies are dealing with the tried and trusted technology while the private sector work out the finer details of reusable rocketry. When it comes to soft landing of spacecraft, obviously the shuttle glides to a runway in China, but where can the Chinese perform a splashdown?
看來國(guó)有企業(yè)正在處理那些經(jīng)過考驗(yàn)且值得信賴的技術(shù)，而私營(yíng)部門則在研究可重復(fù)使用火箭技術(shù)的更精細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)。談到航天器的軟著陸，顯然中國(guó)的航天飛機(jī)可以滑翔到跑道上，但中國(guó)人可以在哪些地方進(jìn)行海上濺落呢？
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
I wonder what the economics are between: combined parachutes and some guidance rocketry to splashdown within a large lake target vs glide in horizontally to an airport vs vertical landing at a spaceport.
我想知道以下三種著陸方式之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)性比較：
-使用組合降落傘和一些引導(dǎo)火箭技術(shù)在大型湖泊目標(biāo)區(qū)內(nèi)進(jìn)行海上濺落；
-水平滑翔到機(jī)場(chǎng)；
-在航天港進(jìn)行垂直著陸。
You seem to be stuck in a US restricted sphere of thought. Neither Russia nor China do "splAsh Downs"
你似乎陷入了美國(guó)思維的限制。俄羅斯和中國(guó)都不進(jìn)行“海上濺落”。
@Stephen-wc8fn There are too many factors.
As example exist several Russian estimations from different decades: splash is over expensive, VTL — just expensive, glide to airport — pretty cheap, but still more expensive than once used rocket.
Why? Because geography and economical system (Soviet/Russian industry in state property, used only local made resources and parts).
This question arrived:
— back in 1970s when USSR launched by ~100 rockets per year. Estimations not available in public, exist only references from memories.
— back in 1990s, when came capitalism (e.g. resources, like metals, from free got price — before it had no cost). Anyway still was more expensive (existed two projects: of vertical landing and jet-like landing). Interesting fact, Russia tried to sell own projects to 3rd countries, but nobody bought, instead everyone bought classical approach (e.g. South Korea ordered development of classical rocket).
— back in 2010s when space became pretty expensive, as result arrived estimations that horizontal landing can be more cheap in situation of at least ~180 launches per year (but there are no such goals).
Last two reports from 1990s and 2010 are semipublic.
存在太多因素需要考慮。
以俄羅斯為例，不同年代有幾個(gè)估算：海上濺落非常昂貴，垂直著陸（VTL）只是昂貴，滑翔到機(jī)場(chǎng)相對(duì)便宜，但仍然比一次性使用的火箭更貴。
為什么呢？因?yàn)榈乩砗徒?jīng)濟(jì)體系（蘇聯(lián)/俄羅斯工業(yè)是國(guó)家所有，只使用本地制造的資源和零件）。
這個(gè)問題在以下時(shí)期被提出：
— 1970年代，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)每年發(fā)射約100枚火箭。公眾無法獲得估算數(shù)據(jù)，只有記憶中的參考。
— 1990年代，資本主義到來（例如，像金屬這樣的資源，免費(fèi)獲得的價(jià)格——之前沒有成本）。不管怎樣，仍然更昂貴（存在兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目：垂直著陸和噴氣式著陸）。有趣的事實(shí)是，俄羅斯試圖向第三國(guó)出售自己的項(xiàng)目，但沒有人購(gòu)買，反而大家都購(gòu)買了傳統(tǒng)方法（例如，韓國(guó)訂購(gòu)了傳統(tǒng)火箭的開發(fā)）。
— 2010年代，太空變得相當(dāng)昂貴，因此出現(xiàn)了估算，如果每年至少發(fā)射180次，水平著陸可能更便宜（但沒有這樣的目標(biāo)）。
最后兩份來自1990年代和2010年代的報(bào)告是半公開的。
I know that. I’m merely wondering if we could use modern guidance to do a targeted splashdown, and whether that offers advantages.
我知道。我只是想知道我們是否可以利用現(xiàn)代導(dǎo)航技術(shù)進(jìn)行目標(biāo)濺落，以及這是否提供了優(yōu)勢(shì)。
@Stephen-wc8fn US using "splAsh Down" is really a legacy technology issue. US started big time space efforts early and the easiest and safest way to land is to splAsh Down. As usual, the USA seems to be unable to shake of the past. This is the same reason US big car companies are unable to compete in EVs. Same reason for the absence of High Speed Rail. The arguments you hear from USA are really just excuses and a desperate need to hang onto the glorious old days.
美國(guó)使用“海上濺落”確實(shí)是一個(gè)遺留技術(shù)問題。美國(guó)很早就開始了大規(guī)模的太空探索，而最容易和最安全的方式就是海上濺落。像往常一樣，美國(guó)似乎無法擺脫過去。這也是美國(guó)大型汽車公司在電動(dòng)車（EVs）領(lǐng)域無法競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的原因。同樣的原因也解釋了高速鐵路的缺失。你從美國(guó)聽到的論點(diǎn)實(shí)際上只是借口，以及對(duì)輝煌舊日的絕望依戀。
China needs to use this as the 2nd stage for their starship. Much better design than Elon's death trap.
中國(guó)應(yīng)該將這個(gè)作為他們星艦的第二級(jí)。這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)比埃隆的“死亡陷阱”好多了。
Looks like a copy of the Dream Chaser spaceplane. Did China steal the specs?
看起來像是“追夢(mèng)者”太空飛機(jī)的復(fù)制品。中國(guó)Q取了規(guī)格嗎？
the shape of it is far from that of dreamchaser if you actually pay attention and not be delusional. It's like calling the dreamchaser itself a copy of the x-37b just because they are spaceplanes.
如果你真的注意而不是妄想，它的形狀與“追夢(mèng)者”相去甚遠(yuǎn)。就像因?yàn)椤白穳?mèng)者”本身是太空飛機(jī)就稱其為X-37B的復(fù)制品一樣。
@stevennotthe2997 Dreamchaser’s wing is different from X37B, but you can notice similarities maybe 90% that haolong is looks like dreamchaser.
“追夢(mèng)者”的翅膀與X37B不同，但你可以看到相似之處，可能90%的昊龍看起來像“追夢(mèng)者”。
There isn't much design options when it comes to spacecraft. Just like airplanes, subs, boats, cars, bikes have the same frx. The law of physics when it comes to efficiency is the same everywhere. Planets are round shape for a reason. The race is NOT to build something different because of national pride. Space should be the united frontier for humanity. Take the ISS for example. The US docking system is different from the Russian so because of that we have to build spacial devices to make them compatible. This is NOT a good thing, especially in space. Just imagine having different life support systems when it comes to spacesuits if one needs help. Oh I can't help you because our stuff aren't compatible with yours. If you actually follow the space race in China, it's not actually about copying. It's going with the most effective design. So if SpaceX comes up with something that's good and it works, the Chinese having the same is basically acknowledging you won this part of the race and we'll adopt your standard. So that is the race. It's racing to have the most STANDARDS.
說到設(shè)計(jì)宇宙飛船，其實(shí)選擇并不多。就像飛機(jī)、潛水艇、船、汽車和自行車，它們都有差不多的基本形狀。這是因?yàn)槲锢矶稍谑澜绺鞯囟际且粯拥?，效率最高的設(shè)計(jì)往往看起來也差不多。比如，行星都是圓的，這不是巧合。太空競(jìng)賽不是為了顯示哪個(gè)國(guó)家更厲害，而是為了人類共同探索太空。就像國(guó)際空間站，美國(guó)的對(duì)接系統(tǒng)和俄羅斯的不一樣，所以我們得造一些特別的設(shè)備讓它們能連在一起。這其實(shí)不太好，特別是在太空里。想象一下，如果宇航服的生命維持系統(tǒng)不匹配，當(dāng)有人需要幫助時(shí)，另一個(gè)人說：“對(duì)不起，我們的設(shè)備和你們的不兼容，幫不了你?！比绻汴P(guān)注中國(guó)的太空項(xiàng)目，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們并不是在抄襲，而是在選最有效的設(shè)計(jì)。如果SpaceX做出了好的東西，而且有效，中國(guó)人也用同樣的，那其實(shí)就像是說：“你們這部分做得好，我們也跟著用?！彼?，太空競(jìng)賽實(shí)際上是在比誰能定下更多的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
When you can't compete but full of anger and jealousy, just simply say, "It's copy."
當(dāng)你無法競(jìng)爭(zhēng)但充滿憤怒和嫉妒時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)單地說，“它是復(fù)制品?！?/b>
Do you think it's easy to copy high tech stuffs? Even you got the whole blue print you still cannot copy it. You need a deep knowledge of space science technologies. Besides the use of composite materials is already a headache. China done a lot of research on composite materials technologies. It's not that easy to copy. You may ask why only China can do it?
你認(rèn)為復(fù)制高科技產(chǎn)品容易嗎？即使你得到了整個(gè)藍(lán)圖，你仍然無法復(fù)制它。你需要對(duì)空間科學(xué)技術(shù)有深刻的了解。此外，復(fù)合材料的使用已經(jīng)是一個(gè)難題。中國(guó)對(duì)復(fù)合材料技術(shù)進(jìn)行了很多研究。復(fù)制并不那么容易。你可能會(huì)問為什么只有中國(guó)能做到？
I have been following the astonishing pace of CNSA certainly in comparison to the inertia... of NASA!
我一直關(guān)注著CNSA令人驚嘆的發(fā)展速度，與NASA的惰性相比，CNSA的表現(xiàn)確實(shí)非常出色！