德里，印度的超級大都市：影響十億人口的首都
Delhi, India's MEGACITY: Capital of a Billion People
譯文簡介
這是地球上人口最多的城市，也是一個國家的首都，這個國家的人口將很快超過地球上任何其他地方。它擁有超過3100萬居民，這是一個充滿混亂和復雜歷史的地方。它在住房、不平等和交通方面存在重大問題，但如果能解決這些問題，其居民將經(jīng)歷巨大的繁榮增長。作為印度的權(quán)力中心，這里發(fā)生的事情影響著十億人，并在全球范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生回響。這就是德里：21世紀的支點。
正文翻譯
這是地球上人口最多的城市，也是一個國家的首都，這個國家的人口將很快超過地球上任何其他地方。它擁有超過3100萬居民，這是一個充滿混亂和復雜歷史的地方。它在住房、不平等和交通方面存在重大問題，但如果能解決這些問題，其居民將經(jīng)歷巨大的繁榮增長。作為印度的權(quán)力中心，這里發(fā)生的事情影響著十億人，并在全球范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生回響。這就是德里：21世紀的支點。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
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This is the most populous city, and the capital, of a country that will soon have more people than anywhere else on Earth. Home to more than 31 million residents, it’s a chaotic place with a complicated history. It has major problems in housing, inequality, and transportation, but if it can solve them, its residents will experience an enormous increase in prosperity. As India’s seat of power, what happens here impacts a billion people and reverberates around the world. This is Delhi: a fulcrum of the 21st century.
Nestled along a protective ridge that sends Himalayan snowmelt either west to the tributaries of the Indus river, or east to the Ganges, Delhi is the gateway to one of the most expansive, fertile agricultural plains on the planet, and a collection point for goods on their way to an extensive coastline for export.
This land has been the capital of empire after empire for thousands of years, but the defining moment in its modern history occurred 75 years ago when India declared its independence from the British Empire at Delhi’s Red Fort. This resulted in the partition of the Indian territory along religious lines into India, and West and East Pakistan, which eventually became independent Bangladesh.
This had massive consequences.
This flood of new arrivals overwhelmed the city as makeshift housing settlements sprouted and grew all over. This building wasn’t done to code and lacked basic plumbing and sewers. It’s a crisis that Delhi is still struggling to solve. Today, the percentage of its residents living in so-called unauthorized areas is as high as 40%. That’s a staggering 12 million people.
But to get a more complete picture of what Delhi is today, we must go back to events after Indian independence. In 1947 Indian per-capita income had not increased since 1757–that’s 190 years of British imperialists taking ownership of - and exporting away - vast quantities of India’s bountiful natural resources. Revolutionary Mahatma Gandhi and his hand-picked political heir, Jawaharlal Nehru, knew the Indian people needed a far different system than what the British Empire had imposed.
What Nehru wanted was an idyllic ‘Total Society’ in which injustice and inequality would be defeated by the perfect nation-system. This dream was cemented during a short four-day visit to Moscow, where Nehru and his father were wined and dined by the com...st Party’s elite celebrating the ten-year anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution. With tightly managed visits to factories and theatres, it was an obvious attempt to impart a rosy picture of Soviet-style socialism onto visiting dignitaries, and it worked. Nehru was awed by the USSR’s achievements in industry, art, and bureaucracy.
Real estate and land development in the city of Delhi was tightly controlled. The Delhi Development Authority - or DDA - was created in 1957 and granted the exclusive responsibility of land development within the borders of the city. The DDA prevented individuals from owning more than a handful of acres and forced people to sell the agency their property at below-market prices.
這是地球上人口最多的城市，也是一個國家的首都，這個國家的人口將很快超過地球上任何其他地方。它擁有超過3100萬居民，這是一個充滿混亂和復雜歷史的地方。它在住房、不平等和交通方面存在重大問題，但如果能解決這些問題，其居民將經(jīng)歷巨大的繁榮增長。作為印度的權(quán)力中心，這里發(fā)生的事情影響著十億人，并在全球范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生回響。這就是德里：21世紀的支點。
德里坐落在一條保護性山脊上，這條山脊將喜馬拉雅的融雪向西引向印度河的支流，或向東引向恒河。德里是通往地球上最廣闊、最肥沃的農(nóng)業(yè)平原的門戶，也是貨物在運往廣闊海岸線出口途中的集散地。
這片土地幾千年來一直是帝國接踵而至的首都，但其現(xiàn)代歷史上的決定性時刻發(fā)生在75年前，當時印度在德里的紅堡宣布脫離大英帝國獨立。這導致印度領土按宗教界線分裂為印度、西巴基斯坦和東巴基斯坦，后者最終成為獨立的孟加拉國。
這帶來了巨大的后果。
新移民的涌入使城市不堪重負，臨時住房區(qū)遍地開花。這些建筑不符合規(guī)范，缺乏基本的管道和下水道，這是德里仍在努力解決的危機。今天，居住在所謂“未經(jīng)授權(quán)”地區(qū)的居民比例高達40%，這是一個驚人的1200萬人。
但要更全面地了解今天的德里，我們必須回到印度獨立后的事件。1947年，印度的人均收入自1757年以來沒有增長——這是190年來英國帝國主義者占有并出口大量印度豐富的自然資源的結(jié)果。革命家圣雄甘地和他親手挑選的政治繼承人賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯知道，印度人民需要一個與大英帝國強加的制度截然不同的制度。
尼赫魯想要的是一個理想的“全面社會”，在這個社會中，不公正和不平等將被完美的國家制度擊敗。這個夢想在他對莫斯科的短暫四天訪問中得到了鞏固，尼赫魯和他的父親在那里受到gcd精英的款待并慶祝布爾什維克革命十周年。通過精心安排的工廠和劇院訪問，這顯然是為了向訪問的貴賓們展示蘇聯(lián)式社會主義的美好圖景，它奏效了。尼赫魯對蘇聯(lián)在工業(yè)、藝術(shù)和官僚機構(gòu)方面的成就感到敬畏。
德里的房地產(chǎn)和土地開發(fā)受到了嚴格的控制。德里發(fā)展局（DDA）于1957年成立，并被授予城市邊界內(nèi)土地開發(fā)的獨家責任。DDA禁止個人擁有超過幾英畝的土地并迫使人們以低于市場價格將財產(chǎn)出售給該機構(gòu)。
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there are a lot to learn what India did in last 20 years taking on the biggest challenges that humans ever faced in their history, glad to see this report about Delhi and how they are trying to solve some of the problems a mega city can face. very very long way to go but still good job Delhi from Pakistan
印度在過去20年里應對了人類歷史上最大的挑戰(zhàn)，有很多值得學習的地方。很高興看到這份關(guān)于德里的報告，以及他們?nèi)绾卧噲D解決一個超級城市可能面臨的一些問題。還有很長的路要走，但德里做得很好，來自巴基斯坦的問候。
For a six month period between 1998 and 1999, I spent quite a lot of time in Delhi. As a backpacker I saw the best and worst of what the city had to offer, but it had an undeniable spirit and heart. I’m really glad to see some of the positives that this well-researched video highlights so eloquently. All the best to Delhi and the whole of India.
在1998年到1999年的六個月里，我在德里度過了相當長的時間。作為一個背包客，我看到了這座城市最好和最壞的一面，但它有一種不可否認的精神和心靈。我真的很高興看到這部經(jīng)過充分研究的視頻如此雄辯地強調(diào)了一些積極的方面。祝德里和整個印度一切順利。
Just come across this channel today, great job with this documentary especially identifying how License Raj has crippled India for decades, not just Delhi alone. Now I live in USA and each time I visit (South India) the development has been great, new luxury outskirts with good infra . hearing many mega Road, rail, and airports etc are under construction will be completed by 2024. Indians needs more infra before it's declared as most populated country, for good or bad we can't control the population there.
我今天剛發(fā)現(xiàn)這個頻道，這部紀錄片做得很棒，特別是它指出了“許可證制度”如何使印度癱瘓了幾十年，而不僅僅在德里?，F(xiàn)在我生活在美國，每次訪問（南印度）時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)她的發(fā)展都很不錯，新的豪華郊區(qū)基礎設施良好。我聽說許多大型公路、鐵路和機場等正在建設中并將在2024年完工。印度在被宣布為人口最多的國家之前需要更多的基礎設施，因為無論好壞，我們都無法控制那里的人口。
I loved the optimism that mentioned in every end of your video,,,,I am glad and proud that every nation’s have the same right to be developed country one day,,#lovefrom ndonesia
我喜歡你在每段視頻結(jié)尾提到的樂觀主義，我很高興和自豪每個國家都有權(quán)有一天成為發(fā)達國家，來自印度尼西亞的愛。
16:23 Now that AAP has won in Punjab, which is the major source of crop burning, it will be interesting to see what the AAP govt does to counter it, as they have always been blaming the crop burning in punjab as a major source of pollution in Delhi.
16:23 現(xiàn)在AAP（印度平民黨）在旁遮普邦獲勝，而旁遮普是農(nóng)作物燃燒的主要來源，看看AAP政府如何應對這一問題將很有趣，因為他們一直將旁遮普的農(nóng)作物燃燒視為德里污染的主要來源。
I spent some time in Delhi earlier this year and I had a great experience. People were kind and helpful, the hustle and bustle was spirited and colorful, and the street food was so cool even just to look at! What a life experience! I felt safe the whole time as a solo female traveler, too. I love India I can’t wait to be back:)
今年早些時候我在德里度過了一段時間，我有一段很棒的經(jīng)歷。那里的人們友善且樂于助人，熙熙攘攘的氛圍充滿活力和色彩，街頭小吃光是看著就很酷！多么棒的人生經(jīng)歷?。∽鳛橐粋€獨自旅行的女性，我也一直感到安全。我愛印度，我迫不及待想回去。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
My hopes and prayers for India's constant renewal. India can set an example for how human ingenuity and cooperation create prosperity for everyone. Surely no nation faces the many challenges socially and politically that India does. I am a professor in Canada and have many students from India.
我對印度的不斷更新充滿希望和祈禱。印度可以成為人類智慧和合作如何為每個人創(chuàng)造繁榮的榜樣。當然，沒有哪個國家像印度那樣面臨如此多的社會和政治挑戰(zhàn)。我是加拿大的教授，有許多來自印度的學生。
One of the major reason why Delhi is like this is because of Urban Land Ceiling Act 1976, it was a socialist act made to stop large private companies to not buy large plots of land and develop it by themselves, the land would be in control by the government who would distribute it equally but refused to develop these lands...this is a major reason why in the main cities you cannot see skyscrapers, the planned development and highrises are only present in the city outskirts which have been developed since this anti-development socialist law was repealed in 1992...
德里之所以如此，主要原因之一是1976年的《城市土地上限法》，這是一項社會主義法案，旨在阻止大型私營公司購買大片土地并自行開發(fā)。土地將由政府控制，政府將平等分配土地，但拒絕開發(fā)這些土地……這是為什么你在主要的城市地區(qū)看不到摩天大樓的主要原因，規(guī)劃中的開發(fā)和高層建筑只出現(xiàn)在城市郊區(qū)，這些郊區(qū)自1992年這項反開發(fā)的社會主義法律被廢除以來才得以發(fā)展。
Amazingly done. Just to point out auto rickshaw in Delhi are all CNG powered thereby quite eco friendly in comparison to diesel and petrol powered cars. For that matter, you’d be glad to know that all the public transport even the large government buses are CNG powered or are electric.
做得非常棒。我只想指出德里的自動人力車都是CNG驅(qū)動的，因此與柴油和汽油驅(qū)動的汽車相比非常環(huán)保。在這方面，你會很高興知道所有的公共交通工具，甚至大型政府巴士都是CNG驅(qū)動或電動的。
Awesome video! You seem to be a foreigner yet you’ve captured the issues far better than a native Indian understands it. Really appreciate the amount of research you’ve put in mate!
很棒的視頻！你似乎是個外國人，但你捕捉到的問題比印度本地人理解得更好。真的很感激你投入的研究量，伙計！
It's funny how every city becomes a lot more powerful and stable once it builds out good public transit. Maybe with the exception of a few American cities, but even then compare those with cities like New York, Tokyo, London, etc. and the difference in economical influence is massive.
有趣的是每個城市一旦建成了良好的公共交通系統(tǒng)，它就會變得更強大和穩(wěn)定。也許除了少數(shù)美國城市，但即使如此，與紐約、東京、倫敦等城市相比，經(jīng)濟影響力的差異是巨大的。
This series is genuinely one of my favorite pieces of content on YouTube, so glad to see it back!
Though it’s absurd that after 2 days this video has less than 10k views. The long break and shifting content types will have set the channel back sadly, but I hope the algorithm picks this one up, as it very much deserves to get out there. Just keep at it and I’m sure you’ll break through again!
這個系列確實是我在YouTube上最喜歡的內(nèi)容之一，我很高興看到它回來了！
盡管兩天后這個視頻的觀看量不到1萬次，這很荒謬。長時間的休息和內(nèi)容類型的轉(zhuǎn)變可能會讓頻道倒退，但我希望算法能抓住這個視頻，因為它非常值得被更多人看到。請堅持下去，我相信你會再次突破！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Hey, I just loved watching your documentary, other than it being interesting, the fact that you have highlighted both the negative and positive sides of India make it completely worth watching, I love my India! Jai Hind!
嘿，我剛剛很喜歡看你的紀錄片，除了它很有趣之外，你強調(diào)了印度的負面和正面，這使它完全值得一看，我愛我的印度！印度萬歲！
Visiting Delhi was the worst travelling experience in my life. The pollution was something I've never experienced. The amount of scammers was staggering. I don't care about the money hustled... but experiencing all the deceiving and dishonesty was just sad as we just curious about their culture and lives they live. Glad we got out of there after a few days. Luckily I enjoyed other parts of northern India we visited and met some lovely people
訪問德里是我一生中最糟糕的旅行經(jīng)歷。污染是我從未經(jīng)歷過的，騙子的數(shù)量令人震驚。雖然我不在乎被騙的錢……但經(jīng)歷所有的欺騙和不誠實令人悲傷，因為我們只是對他們的文化和生活感到好奇。很高興我們在幾天后離開了那里，幸運的是我們訪問了印度北部的其他地區(qū)并遇到了一些可愛的人。
I would like to say to this beautiful country may the power and the peace of love and mercy upon this country to save India from any problem any enemies to give them love works goodness my prayer from all my heart. I love you so much. God bless you.
我想對這個美麗的國家說，愿愛與憐憫的力量和和平降臨這個國家，拯救印度免受任何問題和敵人的侵害，給予他們愛、工作和善良，我全心全意地祈禱。我非常愛你，愿上帝保佑你。
I really appreciate the hard work you did to cover the historic background or Delhi , demonstrating the future and showing excellent view of present Delhi.
我非常感謝你為涵蓋德里的歷史背景所做的辛勤工作，展示了未來并展示了德里現(xiàn)狀的精彩視角。
As an American who has been to India twice, my love for your country and her people is immense. I hope all of India’s dreams come true and that all of her people reach the highest prosperity. I have traveled all over this world and I can honestly say that in all my travels there isn’t a more special place to be found.
作為一個去過印度兩次的美國人，我對你們的國家和人民的愛是巨大的。我希望印度所有的夢想都能實現(xiàn)，所有的人民都能達到最高的繁榮。我走遍了這個世界，我可以誠實地說，在我所有的旅行中，沒有比這更特別的地方了。
What they really need here is electric trams. I went to Delhi some years ago and despite being ripped off everywhere, being subjected to harassment for foreign currency etc, nobody having change in any shop , it was obvious that the city was hopelessly polluted. Get all those scooters and other polluting vehicles off the road, before it becomes uninhabitable.
他們真正需要的是電動有軌電車。幾年前我去過德里，盡管到處被宰，受到外幣騷擾等，任何商店都沒有零錢，但很明顯，這座城市污染嚴重。在它變得無法居住之前，他們應該把所有那些摩托車和其他污染車輛從道路上清除掉。
I really don't think electric cars are the 'solution' to a city of 32.1million people, projected to grow to 40 million. Western cities are just now starting to realise the error of their ways--or in Amsterdam's case, they've known for half a century--now is absolutely the worst possible time to make as colossal a mistake as investing in the automobile.
我真的不認為電動汽車是一個擁有3210萬人口、預計將增長到4000萬人口的城市的“解決方案”。西方城市現(xiàn)在才開始意識到他們的錯誤——或者在阿姆斯特丹的情況下，他們已經(jīng)知道了半個世紀——現(xiàn)在絕對是犯下像投資汽車這樣巨大錯誤的最糟糕時機。
My visit to New Delhi and Goa was amazing. I live in Utah, USA and can say that India is a country with great culture, food, and people. I cannot wait to go back and explore more of the country!
我對新德里和果阿的訪問非常棒。我生活在美國猶他州，我可以說印度是一個擁有偉大文化、美食和人民的國家，我迫不及待想回去探索更多這個國家！
It's India's time to shine, it will become a very powerful, economical, and highly respected country in the 20th century. The growth potential for India is limitless and I can't wait to see the levels of growth and prosper India can create for itself!
這是印度閃耀的時刻，它將成為20世紀一個非常強大且備受尊敬的國家。印度的增長潛力是無限的，我迫不及待想看到印度能夠為自己創(chuàng)造的成長和繁榮水平！
Ths video has shown more of the history of Delhi rather than the current state of Delhi. I am a resident of Delhi and I can tell you that the Delhi that you have shown is at least 10 years old and you have also shown the wrong map of India. Just some old video clips don't make your video authentic but you have correctly shown about the DDA.
這個視頻展示了更多德里的歷史而不是德里的現(xiàn)狀。我是德里的居民，我可以告訴你，你展示的德里至少是10年前的，而且你還展示了錯誤的印度地圖。僅僅是一些舊視頻片段并不能讓你的視頻真實，但你正確地展示了DDA（德里發(fā)展局）。
The video started by saying India was corrupted into poverty by the British establishment and finished by saying India will be saved by the global establishment.
視頻開始時說印度被英國體制腐蝕成貧困，結(jié)束時又說印度將被全球體制所拯救。
sadly Delhi govt is not taking part in developing any infrastructure, especially related to construction, Constructiion related things are being built by central govt only
遺憾的是德里政府沒有參與任何基礎設施的開發(fā)，特別是與建筑相關(guān)的，與建筑相關(guān)的事情只由中央政府建造。
Why do all the film makers (without exception) look away or hardly mention the exploitation done by the Brits -the greatest in history, of the Indian wealth and resources
為什么所有的電影制作人（無一例外）都回避或幾乎不提英國人對印度財富和資源的剝削——這是歷史上最大的剝削。
Private sector is doing its best to develop India and improve infrastructure. Government and foreign funded NGO' S are doing its best to play politics and discourage any form of development, so that India remain poor for eternity.
私營部門正在盡最大努力發(fā)展印度并改善基礎設施。政府和外國資助的非政府組織正在盡最大努力玩弄政治并阻止任何形式的發(fā)展以便印度永遠保持貧困。
"every license and every system was procured by some corrupt means" and this guy is one of the most corrupt politician in India. thank to people for throwing them away and bringing new government which is trying to fix the previous mistake
“每一個許可證和每一個系統(tǒng)都是通過某種腐敗手段獲得的”，而這個人是印度最腐敗的政治家之一。感謝人們拋棄他們并帶來了試圖糾正以前錯誤的新政府。
I have travelled through delhi slums but one thing I knew most of the people are employed and i don't think that they don't have electricity and toilets it's totally fake
我穿越過德里的貧民窟，但我知道的一件事是大多數(shù)人都有工作，我不認為他們沒有電和廁所，這完全是假的。
My kids moms aunt is a wealthy architect, who every summer goes on a trip to some other part of the world. She's currently driving from Phoenix, to the arctic circle as I write this. When my kids got to be about 7 and 8 she began taking them with her on these trips. The first or second trip they went on was to India, where they were for a couple weeks. My kids tell horror stories about it. At one point they became surrounded by beggars, they gave one or two of them a little money and the rest basically mobbed on them, more or less demanding money. My kids say people were grabbing at them and pulling them back when they were trying to leave, people were opening the backpacks on their backs and trying to take things. My kids moms aunt picked up my youngest son and was holding my oldest sons hand and trying to get out of there, but they were completely surrounded. My kids got so scared they were crying, and the aunt got so pissed she started yelling at the beggars and calling out for help. Eventually some people started helping them and were hitting the beggars with sticks to get them away. Later in the trip they were robbed by someone who was supposed to take them to ride on an elephant, he disappeared with the money and left them in some random village that they took a taxi to, and apparently there weren't any taxis in the village to take them back, something they didn't realize until they were already there. They ended up paying someone from the village to take them back to the city. My kids and the aunt all say they will never go back to India.
我孩子媽媽的姑姑是一位富有的建筑師，她每年夏天都會去世界其他地方旅行。在我寫這篇文章時，她正從鳳凰城開車到北極圈。當我的孩子們大約7歲和8歲時，她開始帶他們一起去旅行。他們第一次或第二次旅行是去印度并在那里待了幾個星期，我的孩子們講述了關(guān)于那里的恐怖故事。有一次，他們被乞丐包圍，他們給了一兩個人一點錢，其余的人基本上圍攻了他們，或多或少地要求錢。我的孩子們說當他們試圖離開時，人們抓住他們并把他們拉回來，人們打開他們背上的背包并試圖拿走東西。我孩子媽媽的姑姑抱起我最小的兒子，拉著我大兒子的手，試圖離開那里，但他們完全被包圍了。我的孩子們嚇得哭了起來，姑姑氣得開始對乞丐大喊大叫并呼救。最終，一些人開始幫助他們并用棍子打乞丐把他們趕走。后來在旅途中，他們被一個應該帶他們騎大象的人搶劫了，他帶著錢消失了，把他們留在一個他們打車去的隨機村莊，顯然村里沒有出租車可以帶他們回去，直到他們到了那里才意識到這一點。他們最終付錢給村里的人帶他們回城。我的孩子們和姑姑都說他們永遠不會再去印度。
Simply showing the bad side of a country is nothing appreciatable. POV and your taste will get reflected in your work. Every where and in everything good and bad coexist. Show love to other countries as well as your own.
僅僅展示一個國家的壞處是沒有什么值得贊賞的，觀點和你的品味會在你的作品中反映出來。在任何地方和任何事情中，好壞都是共存的。你應該向其他國家以及你自己的國家展示愛。
Wow wonderful Delhi,,,! I’m soo curiouse to visit the best and the worse of what had Delhi to offer,,,, Delhi I am coming very soon,,,! Best regards to all indian people…
哇，美妙的德里，，，！我非常好奇去體驗德里最好和最壞的一面，，，，德里，我很快就會來，，，！向所有印度人民致以最良好的祝愿…