印度學者：中國的制造業(yè)模式不適合我們。印度不應該像中國一樣建立制造業(yè)，以避免西方的激烈反應
Raghuram Rajan on why a China model of manufacturing doesn''t work for us. Raghuram Rajan says India shouldn''t build manufacturing like China to avoid backlash by west
譯文簡介
拉古拉姆-拉詹曾多次強調，印度應專注于服務業(yè)，而不是盲目追隨中國的制造業(yè)主導型增長模式，他說印度制造的商品可能會像中國商品一樣在西方面臨激烈反應。
正文翻譯
Raghuram Rajan on why a China model of manufacturing doesn't work for us. Raghuram Rajan says India shouldn't build manufacturing like China to avoid backlash by west
拉古拉姆-拉詹談為什么中國的制造業(yè)模式不適合我們。拉古拉姆-拉詹說，印度不應該像中國一樣建立制造業(yè)，以避免西方的激烈反應。
注：拉古拉姆·古米塔·拉詹是一位印度經濟學家，于2013年接任第23任印度儲備銀行總裁。他曾是印度財政部首席經濟顧問，2003年至2006年間，擔任國際貨幣基金組織首席經濟學家。在此之前，他是美國芝加哥大學布斯商學院財政學教授。
Raghuram Rajan, who has repeatedly emphasised that India should focus on services instead of blindly following the China model of manufacturing-led growth, says goods manufactured in India can face a backlash in the West just as Chinese goods have.
It is, therefore, unwise for India to use all resources for a manufacturing-led growth instead of building strength in services where it has an advantage.
“The problem for us in imitating China’s path is China has already created
the backlash in the West to manufacturing-led growth. It is not that we will be able to manufacture those cheap assembly line stuff that China manufactured and sent to the US without seeing a similar kind of backlash against India. There is a lot of sensitivity to this kind of stuff today,” said Rajan in a conversation with MK Anand, MD, Times Network at the Times Network India Economic Conclave.
拉古拉姆-拉詹曾多次強調，印度應專注于服務業(yè)，而不是盲目追隨中國的制造業(yè)主導型增長模式，他說印度制造的商品可能會像中國商品一樣在西方面臨激烈反應。
因此，印度如果將所有資源用于制造業(yè)主導的增長，而不是在其具有優(yōu)勢的服務領域建立實力是不明智的。
"我們模仿中國道路里面存在的一個問題是，中國已經在西方國家造成了對制造業(yè)主導的增長的反彈。所以即使我們能夠制造那些中國正在制造并送往美國的廉價流水線的東西，他們也會對印度產生類似反彈。當今世界，人們對這種東西非常敏感，"拉詹在印度經濟網絡會議上對印度時報的記者說道。
It is, therefore, unwise for India to use all resources for a manufacturing-led growth instead of building strength in services where it has an advantage.
“The problem for us in imitating China’s path is China has already created
the backlash in the West to manufacturing-led growth. It is not that we will be able to manufacture those cheap assembly line stuff that China manufactured and sent to the US without seeing a similar kind of backlash against India. There is a lot of sensitivity to this kind of stuff today,” said Rajan in a conversation with MK Anand, MD, Times Network at the Times Network India Economic Conclave.
拉古拉姆-拉詹曾多次強調，印度應專注于服務業(yè)，而不是盲目追隨中國的制造業(yè)主導型增長模式，他說印度制造的商品可能會像中國商品一樣在西方面臨激烈反應。
因此，印度如果將所有資源用于制造業(yè)主導的增長，而不是在其具有優(yōu)勢的服務領域建立實力是不明智的。
"我們模仿中國道路里面存在的一個問題是，中國已經在西方國家造成了對制造業(yè)主導的增長的反彈。所以即使我們能夠制造那些中國正在制造并送往美國的廉價流水線的東西，他們也會對印度產生類似反彈。當今世界，人們對這種東西非常敏感，"拉詹在印度經濟網絡會議上對印度時報的記者說道。
評論翻譯
很贊 ( 3 )
收藏
How did such a dangerous man manage to become RBI chief? What a disaster!
這樣一個危險的人是如何成為印度儲備銀行主管的？他是一場災難!
Man what's wrong he said... Please read the article.
老兄他說的有什么不對嗎...請先看看這篇文章。
What is wrong?
What is wrong he asks!
What is wrong is that this clown called the RBI chief wants India to skip the industrialization phase itself and jump straight to services!
有什么不對？
錯得離譜！
這個被稱為印度儲備銀行主管的小丑竟然想讓印度跳過工業(yè)化階段本身，直接跳到服務業(yè)，你說有什么不對！
He did not say that. Go read again. Do you know the China model? There’s a difference between India being a self reliant industrialized nation vs being the supplier for the entire world like China. A huge difference! Dude has given examples too on how to create new medical services sector.
他沒有這么說。再去讀一遍文章吧。你知道中國的模式嗎？印度是一個自力更生的工業(yè)化國家，而不是像中國那樣成為整個世界的供應商，這兩者之間是有區(qū)別的。這是一個巨大的區(qū)別。他也給出了如何創(chuàng)建新的醫(yī)療服務部門為例子。
It’s inefficient, but certainly possible.
雖然效率不高，但這么做肯定是可能的。
You don't get it. This is not an optional step. Every single developed country in the world has properly gone through industrialization process. There is not even a single one that has not. Trying to skip this is why we are in this current situation.
Industrialization is not as simple as building roads and some cities. What I mean is that there has to be a solid core of manufacturing sector which will pull the vast majority of the population from the agrarian sector to the industrial sector like manufacturing, construction etc. and so on. This is when you will see a very sudden boom in development and economy. All this needs to be done while simultaneously developing the agriculture sector to maximize output.
In India, even today, more than 40% of the workforce is employed in the agriculture sector. That is beyond horrible. It is downright shit. Countries with far less percentage of workers in the agriculture sector are able to export more than us.
你不明白。這根本不是一個可選的步驟。世界上的每一個發(fā)達國家都適當?shù)亟洑v了工業(yè)化進程。根本沒有一個國家沒有經歷過就跳到服務業(yè)的。試圖跳過這一步是我們這個國家處于目前這種狀況的原因。
工業(yè)化并不像是修修道路和給一些城市建造點基礎設施那么簡單。我的意思是，工業(yè)化必須有一個堅實的制造業(yè)核心，將絕大多數(shù)人口從農業(yè)部門拉到工業(yè)部門，如制造業(yè)、建筑業(yè)等等。這時你會看到發(fā)展和經濟的突然繁榮。所有這些都需要在同時發(fā)展農業(yè)部門以實現(xiàn)產出最大化。
在印度，即使在今天，超過40%的勞動力仍在農業(yè)部門就業(yè)。這實在是太可怕了。它是徹頭徹尾的爛攤子。農業(yè)部門工人比例低得多的國家都能比我們出口更多農產品。
Afaik it was 60 percent instead.
我沒記錯的話，我們農業(yè)部門占比是60%。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
In 2019 they said 42% of working pops. 60 seems bit too much no? Almost 1980s stuff
在2019年，他們說42%的工作人口處于農業(yè)部門。60%似乎有點太多了，不是嗎？幾乎像是1980年代的數(shù)據(jù)。
I don't know the latest stuff. Agriculture is the most unproductive sector ever.
我不知道最新的數(shù)據(jù)。反正農業(yè)是有史以來最沒有生產力的部門。
He is not saying ‘Don’t build industries.’ He’s saying don’t build like China where you depend on supplying the entire world cheap crap.
他沒說'不要建立工業(yè)'。他說的是不要像中國那樣建造依賴向整個世界供應廉價的體系。
Remember during start of Covid, there was severe PPE kit shortage and the ones coming from China were of a pathetic paper quality.
Every nation needs to be Aatma Nirbhar, atleast for its basic necessities.
India imports most of it chemicals from China. After Doklam crisis, we couldn't even say a big FU to China.
記得在COVID剛開始的時候，個人防護裝備嚴重短缺，從中國運來的防護裝備的質量也很差。
每個國家都需要自力更生，至少在其基本必需品方面是如此。
印度的大部分化學品都是從中國進口的。然而在洞朗危機之后，我們甚至沒辦法對中國說一句"去你的"。
People have no reading comprehension skills.
有些人沒有閱讀理解的能力。
He is saying start advertising and focus on sales pitch even before producing goods.
他說的是，在生產商品之前就開始做廣告，專注于銷售宣傳。
Manufacturing is mass employers and is the only method to fix poverty / unemployment
reliance on only the services sector is bad.
制造業(yè)能提供大規(guī)模的就業(yè)崗位，也是解決貧困/失業(yè)的唯一方法
只依賴服務業(yè)是不好的。
We shouldn't build our manufacturing infra like China. But we should build our manufacturing infra.
我們不應該像中國一樣建設我們的制造業(yè)基礎設施。但我們應該建立我們自己的制造業(yè)基礎設施。
Exactly
沒錯
His point is specific to export oriented manufacturing capabilities. India is better off focusing on services. It is a proven capability. Also, India is too far behind China in both scope and scale of manufacturing to compete. He is correct about a resentment in the west because a lot of small towns that lost their manufacturing employment to China . Given all of these headwinds, India won’t be able to compete unless there is a significant cost reduction through suppressed wages. That is not beneficial to India. Of course, India can be sextive in what they manufacture. It can take the route of South Korea or Taiwan and focus on specific sectors.
他的觀點是專門針對出口導向的制造能力。印度最好專注于服務。這是一種印度已經很成熟的能力。另外，印度在制造業(yè)的范圍和規(guī)模上都遠遠落后于中國，無法與之競爭。他對西方國家對此感到憤懣的看法是正確的，因為很多小城鎮(zhèn)的制造業(yè)就業(yè)被中國取代了。鑒于所有這些不利因素，印度將無法與之競爭，除非通過壓低工資大幅降低成本。這對印度是不利的。當然，印度可以有選擇地生產什么。它可以采取韓國或臺灣（地區(qū)）的路線，專注于特定行業(yè)。
Never seen such a moronic economist in my life. Dumbass wants us to skip the industrialization phase itself!
在我的一生之中從未見過如此低能的經濟學家。這傻子想讓我們跳過工業(yè)化階段本身!
He means the overcrowded , low level of hygienic work condition , sub human conditions and almost bonded labour Chinese factories have that undermine even basic human rights .
Read the article ?
他指的是中國那些擁擠的、低衛(wèi)生水平工作條件的ooxx的工廠。
有沒有讀過這篇文章？
No. He does not. He says we should go for services. Have you read the article?
不，他沒有說你這些東西。他說我們應該去尋求服務業(yè)。你自己讀過這篇文章嗎？
Neither of you are wrong, the article itself is vague as fuck because it starts off with precedents of what RRR had said before or emphasised upon and then comes his actual contextual speech dictating thay the exact China model won't work due to poor quality products in the manufacturing industry in China, while also suggesting that India should be building up on its strengths too which is services.
Problem is that the Article is of very poor grade. Reminds me of a recent survey I did where you have to pick which article was written by GPT-3 vs the actual article. Guess what, AI covers the topic more sensibly, coherently and holistically than catchy and clickbait-y lines from real news media.
你們都沒有錯，這篇文章本身的說法就很模糊，因為它一開始就是以拉詹以前說過的或強調過先例作為引子，然后才是他聯(lián)系上下文的實際講話，說由于中國制造業(yè)的產品質量差，完全按照中國的模式是行不通的，同時還建議印度也應該加強自己的優(yōu)勢，即服務業(yè)。
問題是，這篇文章的檔次很低。這讓我想起了我最近做的一項調查，讓你選擇看看哪篇文章是由GPT-3寫的，而不是真人寫作的文章。你猜怎么著，人工智能寫出的那篇涵蓋的主題比真正的新聞媒體的稿子更瑯瑯上口和標題更合理、內容更有條理和更全面。
（GPT-3：生成型已訓練變換模型3 是一個自回歸語言模型，目的是為了使用深度學習分類或產生人類可以理解的自然語言。GPT-3是由在舊金山的人工智能公司OpenAI訓練與開發(fā)，模型設計基于谷歌開發(fā)的變換語言模型。）
He expects you to know what the China model is. It’s not his fault at all if the readers are morons.
他希望你已經知道了中國的模式是什么。但如果讀者是白癡，這根本不是他的錯。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Who gives out economics degrees?!
誰給他頒發(fā)的經濟學學位？
He is definitely trying to kill Indias growth prospects. While I give BJP 3 out of 10 in its industrial policy, this guy wants us to skip the only thing that will create the millions of jobs we desperately need, both skilled and unskilled. Democracy will not allow sweat shops in India but we can learn a thing or two about organization and discipline from the Chinese.
他絕對是在試圖扼殺印度的增長前景。雖然我只給印度人民黨的工業(yè)政策打了3分，但這家伙想讓我們跳過唯一能創(chuàng)造我們迫切需要的數(shù)百萬個工作崗位的東西，包括技術和非技術性的。民主不允許印度制造血汗工廠，但我們可以從中國人那里學到一兩件關于組織和紀律的事情。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Russia tried jumping directly to services i guess and got fcuked.
俄羅斯不就是試圖跳過工業(yè)直接跳到服務業(yè)嗎，我猜搞砸了。
Let the west backlash, why should we care? It's not like china is being stopped when they're "backlashing" China at the moment. The west aren't our allies anyways. They betrayed us every single fuckin time. Stop bootlicking the west and stop wondering what the west(waste) would say
那讓西方人“反彈”唄，我們?yōu)槭裁匆P心？此刻他們"反擊"中國的時候，也沒見他們能阻擋中國的腳步啊。反正西方也不是我們的盟友。他們每次都他媽的背叛了我們。不要再拍西方的馬屁了，不要再想那些西方（廢物）會怎么說。
Why is he afraid ?
他為什么要怕西方的反彈？
He's a pure lol, brainwashed by American lols
他是一個純粹的傻瓜，被美國人洗腦了。
And to think this man has gone to IIT, iim and MIT...
想到這個人已經爬上了IIT、IIM和MIT的高位......
And to think that you might have not gone to any of them, so perhaps give his words some weight.
The top comments explain what he meant, and definitely it makes sense.
想想看，上面任何一個職位都不是你能達到的，所以也許這給了他的話一些分量。
上面也有評論解釋了他的意思，絕對是有道理的。
Why he is talking about INDIA. Let him settle down in UNITED STATES with all his GENERATIONS and if possible take his relatives also.
為什么他要談論印度。讓他和他所有的后代在美國定居，如果可能的話，把他的親戚也帶走。
Mai ye backlash wali baat samjha nahi. West is sensitive about such issues. But that's where it ends. They show themselves as liberals but exploits cheap labour globally. An example is of Kylie Jenner herself not paying Bangladeshi labour but there is no repercussions for her.
反彈？西方對此類問題很敏感。但到此為了。他們說自己是自由主義者，但卻在全球范圍內剝削廉價勞動力。一個例子是凱莉-詹娜自己不支付孟加拉國勞工的工資，但對她沒有任何影響。
This man should be avoided completely.
不應該聽這個人胡謅
This dude just is a waste if air
這家伙簡直是在浪費空氣
Did he study in WhatsApp university
他是在WhatsApp上的大學嗎？
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Can we have like 4 to 5 port cities where we make them as unx territories & give absolute power to the Gov there ? I was seeing that only around 5 cities in China which contribute to most of the manufacturing of China.
我們能不能像中國那樣，讓4到5個港口城市確保是聯(lián)邦領土的同時給那里的政府以絕對權力？我看到中國有5個城市為中國的大部分制造業(yè)做出了貢獻。
Goosebumps to hear such a good discussion
聽到這么好的討論，我起了一身雞皮疙瘩。
We are very good at debating issues, however very poor at implementing on the ground. Indians have been crying hoarse about decentralization since independence, but nothing is really achieved (except perhaps the empowering of village Panchayats by Rajiv Gandhi.). We should learn to improve governance, rather than improving the constitution, which BTW is similar to the constitution of any other ex-British colony.
Unlike India, US is highly decentralized--governments at village, city, state and center have their separate spheres, they can not override the laws that exist in their spheres. Governments at different levels work very well and without corruption (mostly). Courts also work without fear and favor, and throw the scoundrels into jail. Everything is well implemented.
我們非常善于辯論問題，但卻不善于落地實施。自獨立以來，印度人一直在聲嘶力竭地喊著權力下放，但卻沒有取得任何成果（也許除了拉吉夫-甘地對鄉(xiāng)村委員會的授權）。我們應該學會改善治理，而不是改善憲法，因為我們的憲法與其他前英國殖民地的憲法其實很相似。
與印度不同，美國是高度分權的--村、市、州和中央的政府都有自己獨立的領域，他們不能推翻存在于他們領域的法律。各級政府運行得都非常好，沒有腐敗（大部分）。法院的運行也沒有恐懼和偏袒，并將惡棍投入監(jiān)獄。一切都實施得很好。
LoL US with out corruption ?? Scoundrels in jail?? Are u from mars sir ?? Or are u talking from earth oly??
哈哈哈哈哈美國沒有腐敗？監(jiān)獄里的惡棍？你是從火星來的嗎，先生？你真的是在地球上談論這番話的嗎？
@jaya kishore I live in the US so I know. On the ground governance in US is 1000% times better than that in India. Things get done smoothly and without hassle. Whereas in India, for every little thing, one has to pay some ghoos to government people. I had to pay bribes to the judges in order to get a valid thing done for my OWN property.
So India is light years behind the US and western countries as far as governance is concerned. We Indians should see the reality--not start shouting because of the false pride.
@jaya kishore 我住在美國，所以我知道。美國的實地治理比印度好1000倍。事情辦得很順利，沒有麻煩。而在印度，每件小事都要向政府人員支付一些錢。我不得不向法官行賄，以便更好地維護自己的財產。
因此，就治理而言，印度比美國和西方國家落后很多。我們印度人應該看到現(xiàn)實，而不是因為虛假的自豪感而開始大喊大叫。
@Krishna Pillai sir fyi Iam US citizen . Living in US since 1999. Started my career in Virginia , then Florida Jacksonville, then Bay Area . Now in Glendale ,LA. Question is who said india has the best system . We and our grand fathers produced too many kids and now we happily came and settled in US. Made our population to 1.4billion. Here the point US is worst too. You can’t just compare to india and say better. US system is worst too. Drugs , corruption . U shld go and see in down towns . Every month these shootings and murders . Racism . But bcoz for kids we settled here . If u leave cities here and go lil inside amount of racism you can see is unbelievable . So stop lecturing . Iam from here too
@Krishna Pillai 先生，跟你說吧，我是美國公民。自1999年起生活在美國。在弗吉尼亞州開始了我的職業(yè)生涯，然后是佛羅里達州的杰克遜維爾，然后是海灣地區(qū)?，F(xiàn)在在洛杉磯格倫代爾。問題是，誰說過印度有最好的制度？我們和我們的祖先生了太多的孩子，現(xiàn)在我們高興地來到美國定居。我們的人口也達到了14億。這里的重點是美國也是最差的。你不能只和印度相比，就說它有多好。美國的制度也是最糟糕的。毒品，腐敗。你應該去貧民區(qū)看看。每個月都有槍擊案和謀殺案。種族主義。但因為孩子，我們定居在這里。如果你離開這里的城市，到里面去，你能看到的種族主義的數(shù)量是令人難以置信的。所以別再說教了。我也是來自這里。
@jaya kishore I agree US has its dark underbelly in having institutional racism and poverty in inner cities, etc. But if you go to the other parts, there is no country that comes close to US. For example, if you go out to rural areas, you will see that small villages and towns (which do not have racial problems) are so well governed--nice roads, no-hassle government departments, very helpful and kind people, etc. Also, this country is probably the best country as far as respect to immigrants is concerned. (Countries of Europe and Oceania are quite racist in comparison.) It is for a reason that US is still the superpower of the world. Brain from all over the world come over here to work and thrive.
@jaya kishore 我同意美國有其黑暗的底層，有制度性的種族主義和內城的貧困，等等。但是，如果你去其他地方，更沒有哪個國家能與美國相提并論。例如，如果你去農村地區(qū)，你會看到小村莊和城鎮(zhèn)（沒有種族問題）治理得非常好--漂亮的道路，沒有故意找麻煩的政府部門，非常樂于助人和善良的當?shù)厝耍鹊?。此外，就尊重移民而言，這個國家可能是最好的國家(相比之下，歐洲和大洋洲的國家是相當種族主義的）。世界各地的人都到這里來工作和發(fā)展。
@Krishna Pillai sir no one is saying US is the worst country. But at the same time it has still very bad issues . You mentioned rural areas . Alabama , Charlottesville in VA and ofcourse many places ppl don’t go out after 8pm. Bcoz ppl mug u. I will give u an example when Iam going to LV from LA because of technical issue bus had to stop in btw some mac D. So we and some frnds went in to near by village to take photos . There some ppl openly said we are racists get out of our village . We came back by running . Iam not saying all villages are same . When we were new in LA I got in to bus to goto LA down town bcoz my car will come after 2 days . Driver warned us don’t goto down town LA after 8pm . He said it’s better I plan it in day time . We got down from bus . Iam not saying everyone in US is the same . But it’s evidently there . Yes ofcourse US thrive on green card holders . Their population is just 32cr . Their land is 4 times of India . They have geographical advantage . They can bully on Iraq invade Iraq for watever reason , can invade Afghanistan. Because after world war when world was weak they made everyone dependent on dollar . See the money they printed last 2 years . 2007-2008 financials crisis is absolute blunder by then top to bottom . But they surivive bcoz of dollar . Also they have freedom last 240yrs . With these many advantages why US won’t have whatever U said . See where we were in 1950 13% education rate . Our population was 35 cr now it increased 4 times . US was 16cr it just doubled . But india wl raise . India fertility rate is now 2.2 . Once it reaches population won’t increase according to American university studies from 2040 Indian population go back wards . The population of India in 2000 and 2100 will be same . We are moving to solar power it takes 20-25yrs to move completely . Once dependency on fuel goes way down . Also exports are increasing way up from India . Our literacy rate is 78% hopefully it reaches 90 by 2040. I believe from 2040-2060 is the Indian time . May be that’s the time u must compare india and US may be 100yrs of freedom is the right time to compare US and India . 2047. I think that wl be right time
@Krishna Pillai 先生 沒有人說美國是最糟糕的國家。但與此同時，它仍然有非常糟糕的問題。你提到了農村地區(qū)。阿拉巴馬州，弗吉尼亞州的夏洛茨維爾，當然還有很多地方的人晚上8點以后就不出門了。我給你舉個例子，當我從洛杉磯去拉斯維加斯的時候，因為技術問題，車子不得不在一些城市之間的郊區(qū)停下來。有些人公然說我們是種族主義者，請離開我們的村莊。我們就跑回來了。我不是說所有的村莊都一樣。當我們剛到洛杉磯時，我坐上了去洛杉磯市中心的巴士，因為我的車兩天后才會到。司機警告我們，晚上8點以后不要去洛杉磯的市中心。他說我最好在白天計劃一下。然后我們就從巴士上下來了。我不是說美國人都是這樣的。但這樣的情況也是很顯著的。當然美國是為綠卡持有者為生的。他們的人口只有3.2億。他們的土地是印度的4倍。他們有地理優(yōu)勢。他們可以以隨便一個理由欺負伊拉克，入侵伊拉克，可以入侵阿富汗。因為在世界大戰(zhàn)后，當世界處于弱勢時，他們讓每個人都依賴美元?？纯此麄冊谶^去兩年里印制的貨幣。2007-2008年的金融危機完全是因為他們從上到下的失誤。但他們因為美元而生存了下來。而且他們已經有了240年的自由。有了這些優(yōu)勢，美國當然能擁有你所說的一切了?？纯次覀冊?950年時的情況，13%的教育率。我們的人口是3.5億，現(xiàn)在增加了4倍。美國是1.6億，現(xiàn)在只是增加了一倍。但印度還會繼續(xù)提高。印度的生育率現(xiàn)在是2.2。根據(jù)美國大學的研究，從2040年開始，印度人口將不再增長。2000年和2100年的印度人口將是一樣的。我們正在轉向太陽能，但需要20-25年的時間才能完全轉向。一旦對燃料的依賴性大大降低。另外，印度的出口也在增加。我們的識字率是78%，希望到2040年能達到90%。我相信2040-2060年是印度的時間。也許到那時才是你拿印度和美國比較的時候，也許到了我們自由了100年的時候才是比較美國和印度的正確時間。2047，我認為那將是正確的時間。
@Krishna Pillai Sir, you really have a shallow view of the States. You perceive this country on the basis of internet, tv and movies. One can truly judge a country’s merits and flaws by residing and experiencing it for a significant time. And by your views it doesn’t seems like you have been there.
@Krishna Pillai 先生，你對美國的看法真的很膚淺。你是根據(jù)互聯(lián)網、電視和電影來認識這個國家的。一個人可以通過長時間的居住和體驗來真正判斷一個國家的優(yōu)點和缺點。而從你的觀點來看，你似乎并沒有去過那里。
Dr.Rajan proves that Politics is the highest calling of mankind.
拉詹博士證明了政治是人類的最高使命。
I used to like him earlier but nowadays whenever he opens his mouth he's just spreading negativity and doomsday kinda scenario.
我以前很喜歡他，但現(xiàn)在只要他一開口，就會散布負面情緒和世界末日的情景。
In india decentralisation has led to even more corruption, formenting of feudal hierarchies and poor implementation of welfare schemes.
Tech can offer accountability just as well with less of the baggage.
在印度，權力下放導致了更多的腐敗、封建等級制度的強化和福利計劃的執(zhí)行不力。
科技可以提供同樣好的問責制，而且沒有那么多的包袱。
Some people say things because they have to say something..not because they have something to say
有些人說話是因為他們不得不說，而不是因為他們有話可說。
Highly simplistic view of macroeconomic deeply embedded in governance. Even the idea of democracy has divergence of views. We forget huge manipulation of poor or weak nations by the rich or powerful. Guess they do not see beyond US, Russia and China. Each one is a slave of his prejudices often confused with being educated! Farm laws reform did have clear substitutes which were distorted by the vested interests.
對宏觀經濟高度簡單化的看法深深地嵌入到了我們的治理中。甚至對民主的概念也有不同的看法。我們忘記了富國或強國對窮國或弱國的強力操縱。我猜他們的眼光從沒有看到過美國、俄羅斯和中國以外的地方。每個人都是自身偏見的奴隸，即使常常是自詡為受過教育的人！農場法改革確實有明確的替代方案，但被既得利益者扭曲了。
We already in top position in service sector
It's time.to.enter in all sector like china
我們早就在服務行業(yè)中處于領先地位
現(xiàn)在是時候像中國這樣進入所有行業(yè)了。
Regarding not venturing into manufacturing as we will not be able to match up with China. I think we need to build manufacturing ecosystem in critical sectors. We will only have better material science engineers, chemical engineers, semiconductor engineers & communication engineers which will be the bedrock for Smart cities & green energy transformation if we have manufacturing here. Current advanced manufacturing is no more labor intensive but technology intensive.
關于因為我們將無法與中國相提并論就不涉足制造業(yè)的看法。我認為我們需要在關鍵部門建立制造業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。如果我們在自家有制造業(yè)，我們將擁有更好的材料科學工程師、化學工程師、半導體工程師和通信工程師，這將是智能城市和綠色能源轉型的基石。目前的先進制造業(yè)不再是勞動密集型，而是技術密集型。
Raghuram Rajan is as Sanctimonious as ever! He has been proven wrong repeatedly on India, and seemingly wants to continue to eat humble pie!
拉詹還是一如既往地道貌岸然! 他已經多次被證明在印度問題上是錯誤的，似乎還想繼續(xù)丟臉!
I disagree with the ur argument about international support on ukrane is due to their good democratic outlook. Infact there is an uprising of neonazi group inside ukraine and violence against russian speaking people. The support comes because of zelenskys lean towards nato and america. And the opportunity of america to weaken the russian economy which is rising as a threat to america in recent years.
我不同意你關于國際社會對烏克蘭的支持是由于他們良好的民主前景的說法。事實上，烏克蘭境內有一個新納粹組織的崛起，并對講俄語的人實施暴力。對烏克蘭的支持是由于澤倫斯基對北約和美國的支持。美國有機會抓住時機削弱俄羅斯的經濟，而俄羅斯向來是美國的一個威脅。
We need manufacturing to solve unemployment?
我們不需要制造業(yè)來解決失業(yè)問題嗎？
yes Manufacturing is the only solution.
是的，制造業(yè)是唯一的解決方案。
Dr. Rajan would have been the Finance Minister of India had he put aside his ultra leftist ideology and accepted the primacy of a democratically elected leader. Dream duo of Dr.Jaishankar & Dr. Rajan would have led our foreign and trade policies.
Alas all are loosing - India, The government and Dr. Rajan himself.
如果拉詹博士拋開他的極左主義思想，接受民選領導人的主導地位，他本可以成為印度的財政部長。吉?？柌┦亢屠膊┦窟@對夢幻組合本可以領導我們的外交和貿易政策。
不幸的是，所有的人都輸了--印度、政府和拉詹博士本人。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Rajan is purely ideological. Anchor explains how democracy has slowed down China compared to India but Rajan keeps saying democracy is necessary and better without explaining why. The outcomes contradict whatever Rajan says. China has made far better decisions than India.
拉詹是純粹的意識形態(tài)腦。主播解釋了與中國相比，民主如何拖累了印度，但拉詹一直說民主是必要的，是更好的，卻沒有給出任何解釋。結果與拉詹所說的一切相矛盾。中國做出的決定遠比印度好。
No doubt...
I think China would have been struggling like us if they're a democracy like us.
毋庸置疑...
我認為，如果中國是個像我們一樣的民主國家，他們也會像我們一樣掙扎。
Because India is a subcontinent with people of multiple languages, castes, religions and so on. Autocracy leads to domination of single language or religion. Causes hatred among India. Divided India doesn't stand a chance against china. What's applicable for China or Pakistan won't be good for India.
因為印度是一個次大陸，人民有多種語言、種姓、宗教等。專制會導致單一語言或宗教的統(tǒng)治。導致印度人之間的仇恨。分裂的印度不可能有機會對抗中國。對中國或巴基斯坦適用的東西對印度沒有好處。
@Believe in ME But u have to remember that in democracy the leadership can be changed if it doesnt function well.
In an authoritarian regime it is next to impossible to change a non performing government. And one thing we must remember POWER CORRUPTS EVERYONE WITH TIME.
Democracy enables a counterbalance to the powers given to the Gov.
@Believe in ME 但你必須記住，在民主制度下，如果領導層運作不善，是可以改變的。
在專制制度下，要改變一個不履行職責的政府幾乎是不可能的。有一點我們必須記住，隨著時間的推移，權力會腐蝕每個人。
民主制度能夠平衡政府的權力。
My simple argument would be let us reach to level of chinese development then we can listen to him
我的論點很簡單，讓我們達到中國的發(fā)展水平，然后我們可以聽他的。
Let's start the experimentation with you , enforcing Chinese labour and employee culture on you finally controlling your life like a robot
讓我們以你作為開始進行實驗，對你實施中國的勞動和雇員文化，最終像機器人一樣...
@the2% don’t be parrot and toe yourself with neo liberal lines…I agree Chinese have many short coming but they also large skilled working who actually enjoy privileged life.. check the countries like Australia, Germany Canada France they have majority Chinese investors.. they are able to do it because their currency is much stronger and they have very good business volume.. we have to come out this 2% attitude we need work in that direction
@the2% 不要鸚鵡學舌，高舉新自由主義的旗幟趾高氣揚...我同意中國人有很多缺點，但他們也有大量可以真正享受特權生活的技術工人?？纯窗拇罄麃?，德國，加拿大，法國，他們有很多中國投資者。他們能夠這樣做是因為他們的貨幣更強大，他們有很好的營業(yè)額。我們需要朝著這個方向努力。
Rajan seems to be not ready to accept any success of Modi Govt. His talk is so biased and stinking of congress gulami bias
拉詹似乎還沒有準備好接受莫迪政府的任何成功。他的談話是如此的有偏見，并散發(fā)著國大黨的偏見。
He clearly has a agenda
他顯然有自己的議程
Modi and Shah take a decision seeing the benefits of Adani and Ambani not seeing the benefits of common people
莫迪和沙赫都是只看到阿達尼和安巴尼（都是印度大富豪）的利益而沒有看到普通人的利益就做出了決定。
What is your proof for that statement?
何出此言？
No govt has said that it's putting all its eggs into manufacturing. Where did he get this from??? The plan is to increase % of share of manufacturing in our economy. He is really a sad version of his original self. Tragic.
沒有哪個政府說過它要把所有的雞蛋都投入到制造業(yè)這個籃子。他是從哪里得到這個消息的？計劃是增加制造業(yè)在我們經濟中的份額。他真是越走越偏了。悲劇。
MR Rajan doesn't offer good solutions. All his learning is basis the constructs of the west ~ democracy, neo liberalism, capitalism etc. We need independent thinking savants rather than oxford educated folks who think inside the box.
拉詹先生并沒有提供好的解決方案。他學習的東西都是基于西方的構造~民主、新自由主義、資本主義等等。我們需要獨立思考的專家，而不是那些受過牛津大學教育只會在盒子里思考的人。
How great are the ideas of Dr.Rajan. India can leapfrog in the services sector. Global consultancy, Global telemedicine etc would create wealth and employment for Indians and help India byepass the manufacturing leap.
拉詹博士的想法太棒了。印度可以在服務領域實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。全球咨詢、全球遠程醫(yī)療等將為印度人創(chuàng)造財富和就業(yè)，并幫助印度實現(xiàn)超越制造業(yè)的飛躍。
India is a home to most unskilled people, uneducated poor in the world. go into the real villages where most of the Indians reside. leapfrogging manufacturing brings too much inequity. Sitting on softwares is great & we all doing that but manufacturing would solve a bigger problem of jobs.
印度是世界上大多數(shù)沒有技術的人、沒有受過教育的窮人的家園。不信走進大多數(shù)印度人居住的真正的村莊看看?？缭绞降闹圃鞓I(yè)帶來太多的不公平。坐在軟件上產業(yè)上的感覺很好，我們都在這樣做，但制造業(yè)能解決更大的就業(yè)問題。
@PRATIK BULANI Dr Rajan has not advocated to abandon manufacturing. He has indicated that India has the capacity to leapfrog in Digitex.
@PRATIK BULANI 拉詹博士并沒有主張放棄制造業(yè)。他表示，印度有能力在Digitex領域實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。
@In fact Hmm I understand what Mr Rajan is saying but it does seem extremely difficult to just leapfrog. Chinese labour has become very expensive . Vietnam is too small of a country to replace most of Manufacturing from China. We do have a good shot
@In fact 嗯，我理解拉詹先生的意思，但要想實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展，確實非常困難。中國的勞動力已經變得非常昂貴。越南是一個太小的國家，無法取代中國的大部分制造業(yè)。我們確實有一個好機會。
At this point it is a useless suggestions. Because during his tenure he did not improve either manufacturing nor service sector.
說到這，這是一個沒有用的建議。因為在他的任期內，他既沒有改善制造業(yè)也沒有改善服務業(yè)。他們只對制造業(yè)的謊言和媒體的洗腦感興趣。
According to him only Congress Model is the best working Model in the world.
據(jù)他的說法，只有國大黨的模式才是世界上最好的工作模式。
He seems to have lots of free time to give unsolicited advice to India. May be his current employers in Chicago can take note and give him some more challenges
他似乎有很多空閑時間來給印度提供不請自來的建議。也許他目前在芝加哥的雇主可以注意到這一點，給他點事兒干。
Until INDIA provides free food and free education and skills upto the secondary level, it would get stuck in low productivity and income like agriculture... Distribution of labour and income according to the aptitude/skills and specialisation is the goal of the economic policy-making...
在印度能夠提供免費食物、免費教育和至少中等水平的技能培訓之前，它將陷入像農業(yè)等低生產力和收入的境地...根據(jù)能力/技能和專業(yè)化來分配勞動力和收入是經濟決策的目標。
A country as large as India can't depend on services alone, it has to be capable of doing everything.
像印度這樣的大國不能僅僅依靠服務，它必須有能力做一切事情。
Dr Rajan is right. It is not wise to imitate China when it comes to manufacturing. India cana t beat China. They produce at a far cheaper price. It is high time to improve the standards in our educational institutions. Degrees awarded in most of the universities are not recognized. Faculty is pathetic and no proper infrastructure. Private institutions are there just for money. They are not teaching students to think outside the box. Students are more or less interested in grades and marks. They do not have passion for the subjects that they are learning
拉詹博士是對的。在制造業(yè)方面，模仿中國是不明智的。印度不可能打敗中國。他們以更便宜的價格生產?，F(xiàn)在是提高我們教育機構標準的時候了。大多數(shù)大學授予的學位都不被承認。師資力量很薄弱，沒有適當?shù)幕A設施。私營機構只是為了賺錢。他們沒有教學生跳出框框思考。學生或多或少都只對成績和分數(shù)感興趣。他們對所學的科目沒有熱情。
1.Rajan is wrong.
2.India can beat China.India was no.1 before the barbarians came.
3.India can give the best education , values based education.
1.拉詹錯了。
2.印度可以打敗中國，在野蠻人到來之前，印度是第一。
3.印度可以提供最好的教育，基于價值觀的教育。
The main stress Mr.Raghuram Rajan placed in his analytical article is to have an open dialogue in a Democratic setup which is totally missing inthe autocratic countries like China & Russia.In my opinion our country beimg a Parliamentary Democracy is actually a case of Parliamentary Dictatorship, where neither a Democratic dialogue nor any debate is allowed so far.
拉古拉姆·拉詹在他的分析文章中主要強調的是在民主體制中進行公開對話，這在中國和俄羅斯等OO國家是完全沒有的。但在我看來，我們國家的議會民主實際上是議會獨裁，因為到目前為止既不允許民主對話，也不允許任何辯論。
It is high time Rajan stops advising Indians and Indian government what to to do and what not to do.There are plenty of people in Indian govt and millions in general population much smarter,wiser and more down to earth than him
現(xiàn)在是拉詹停止向印度人和印度政府建議該做什么和不該做什么的時候了。印度政府中有很多人，普通民眾中有數(shù)百萬人比他更聰明、更有智慧、更腳踏實地。
he is lobbying for Chinese imports.
他是在為中國的進口游說。
this iddddiot need to understand that India needs to become an manufacturing base not for exports but for self sufficiency. he is anti national when says India should not be manufacturing base and depends upon Cheap chinese imports.
這個白癡需要明白，印度需要成為一個制造基地，不是為了出口，而是為了自給自足。他說印度不應該成為制造基地，而是依賴廉價的中國進口產品，是反國家的。
Exactly this. India has a huge domestic population.
正是如此。印度有龐大的國內人口。
Why bother about manufacturing. Invest in crypto, one will become billionaire, or atleast a millionaire in 5 years. Imagine everyone in India, a millionaire, there will be no need to do any job. Everyone can just sit at home and enjoy life.
為什么要為制造業(yè)而煩惱。投資加密貨幣，一個人將成為億萬富翁，或者至少在5年內成為百萬富翁。想象一下，在印度，每個人都是百萬富翁，將不需要做任何工作。每個人都可以坐在家里，享受生活。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
Being an academic, Raghuram Rajan misses one important reality. Promotion of services-oriented sectors like telemedicine and IT will benefit only educated and professionally qualified individuals like medical and computer science graduates. Rajan seems to overlook the fact that the overwhelming majority of job seekers in the country, as is the case even in China, are only semi-skilled, poorly educated artisans suitable for employment only in manufacturing industries. It is by promoting the manufacturing industries and exporting their products that China has become an economic superpower and it will be by going by the same route India can hope to become another economic superpower!
作為一名學者，拉古拉姆-拉詹忽略了一個重要的現(xiàn)實。促進遠程醫(yī)療和信息技術等以服務為導向的部門，將只有利于受過教育和具有專業(yè)資格的個人，如醫(yī)學和計算機科學畢業(yè)生。拉詹似乎忽略了這樣一個事實：國內絕大多數(shù)的求職者，甚至在中國也是如此，都只是半熟練的、教育程度低的工匠，只適合在制造業(yè)就業(yè)。正是通過促進制造業(yè)和出口其產品，中國才成為一個經濟超級大國，而印度也將通過同樣的途徑，才有希望成為另一個經濟超級大國！
In India God's & Religions are playing imp role for (Anti-India) development..
This is the basic difference in China & India.
在印度，神仙和宗教在（反印度）發(fā)展中扮演著重要角色。
這就是中國和印度的本質區(qū)別。
he has no idea
這家伙不知道他在說什么
CHINA MODEL WILL NOT WORK IN INDIA; IN CHINA NO ONE CAN TALK; ONLY THEY CAN WORK; IF THEY TALK LIKE MR.R.R. THEY WILL BE THE NEXT IN DARKNESS.
SO INDIAN INDEPENDENCE AND OPPOSITION PARTIES; SLOGANS; BRUTAL TALKS ONLY OUR PRESENT MODEL IS RIGHT. THIS MAY BE AMMENDED A LITTLE
中國模式在印度確實行不通；在中國，說得少，做得多；如果他們像拉詹先生那樣只會大放厥詞，他們早就陷入黑暗時代了。
因此，像印度這樣各路的獨立和反對黨拉山頭、喊口號、揭老底的會談等等，我們現(xiàn)在的模式是正確的。也許還有一點修改的余地。
it is astronomically difficult to offer telemedicine from India. Even Indian services sector too have faced opposition in west. just some propaganda for 3 minute fame.
從印度提供遠程醫(yī)療是非常困難的。甚至印度的服務業(yè)在西方也面臨反對。
RR is right in advice that we don't put all eggs in one basket. There's need to enhance manufacturing but not at cost of our service industry. India has great scope in enhancing its service sector including Medical care. We can also be a soft power. Look at our Cinematic opportunities. There are many areas which offer great opportunities. Yes we can't afford to neglect manufacturing sector and that is not the argument of RR.
拉詹的建議是正確的，我們不要把所有雞蛋放在一個籃子里。有必要加強制造業(yè)，但不能以犧牲我們的服務業(yè)為代價。印度在加強包括醫(yī)療在內的服務行業(yè)方面有很大的空間。我們也可以成為一個軟實力大國。看看我們的電影制作。有許多領域都提供了巨大的機會。是的，我們不能忽視制造業(yè)，但這并不是拉詹的論點。
Manufacturing is important for a LARGE NATION LIKE INDIA. For nuts, bolts, chips and LEDs and batteries wr can't be importing it always from China. Full stop RR. Even if the world does not buy, our market is combined, EU, US, Oceania and Australiasia and ASEAN. Stop lecturing India.
制造業(yè)對于像印度這樣的大國很重要。對于螺母、螺栓、芯片、LED和電池，我們不能總是從中國進口。句號。即使全世界都不買，我們的市場也是很多的，比如歐盟、美國、大洋洲、澳大利西亞和東盟。不要再對印度說教了。
India is still a net importer of washing machine, we import speciality steel although we have one of largest iron ore reserve. We need to be self reliant wherever possible or shall perpetually be beggars and dependant on remittance and foreign currency.
印度仍然是洗衣機的凈進口國，盡管我們擁有最大的鐵礦石儲備，但我們還是得進口特種鋼材。我們需要盡可能地自力更生，否則將永遠是乞丐，依賴匯款和外匯。
I think we should stop employing people of Harvard and Oxford. an Indian studied in India is a better candidate. than this expats
我認為我們應該停止雇用哈佛和牛津的人。在印度學習的印度人是更好的人選。
India must do exactly opposite to his advice
印度必須跟他的建議反著來才行。
“An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn't happen today.”
"經濟學家是一種他明天會知道為什么他昨天預測的事情今天沒有發(fā)生的專家。"
Raghuram Rajan forgets we are a nation of 125 billion people. If we dona t manufacture ourselves we will depend on China or other countries for our needs. It is fashionable for intellectuals like him to find fault in every policy of this government. We know very well what progress we made in his tenure as governed of RBI. Pile of bad loans. It will be better for such thinkers to come with solutions not finding faults in every step. Let him present a solution how to free India for dependence on Russia and China and OPEC.
拉古拉姆-拉詹忘記了我們是一個擁有12.5億人口的國家。如果我們不自己生產，我們將依賴中國或其他國家滿足我們的需求。對于像他這樣的知識分子來說，對本屆政府的每一項政策找茬是很時髦的。我們很清楚，在他擔任RBI理事長期間，我們取得了哪些“進展”。那就是不良貸款堆積如山。這樣的思想家最好是想出一些解決方案，而不是對國家的每一步都指指點點。讓他提出一個如何使印度擺脫對俄羅斯、中國和歐佩克的依賴的解決方案。
High time you stopped giving free unwanted advice for India. manufacturing is the backbone for any nation to be self reliant. When the world thinks India can be a mfg hub our learned rajan thinks otherwise. Please concentrate on teaching. your advice has not and will not work for India.
現(xiàn)在是你停止為印度提供免費的無用建議的時候了。制造業(yè)是任何一個國家自力更生的支柱。 當全世界都認為印度可以成為一個制造中心時，我們博學的拉詹卻不這么認為。請專注于你的教學。你的建議沒有也不會對印度起作用。
The world thinks, India can be a manufacturing hub? What a joke. With our poor infrastructure, bureaucratic rules there is not a chance we can compete against the likes of China and make any progress. Everybody should know that. But the current leadership doesn't know or is fooling the public
世界認為印度可以成為一個制造業(yè)中心？真是個笑話。由于我們糟糕的基礎設施和官僚主義，我們沒有機會與中國這樣的國家競爭并取得任何進展。每個人都應該知道這一點。但目前的領導層不知道，或知道但是在愚弄公眾。