為什么印度需要從日本借款4.74億美元來建設(shè)班加羅爾地鐵?我們難道沒有足夠的資金自己建設(shè)嗎?
Why does India need $474 million loan from Japan to build the metro in Bengaluru? Don''t we have the money to build it ourselves or something?譯文簡介
為什么印度需要從日本借款4.74億美元來建設(shè)班加羅爾地鐵?我們難道沒有足夠的資金自己建設(shè)嗎?
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Oh you are mistaken
You think India is going to Japan for a Loan?
Its the other way round - Japan is coming to India and requesting India for the chance to finance some projects
Banks in Japan are flush with cash. Until 2018 they poured money into China but now China is flush with its own money and prefers to invest its own money.
Japan needs investments. Unlike the Bullet Train , the Metro is a safe and solid investment.
So Japan is the one who is requesting India for the Loans and India has agreed to borrow from Japan for both Bangalore and Delhi.
So we are the ones doing the Favor here.
哦,你理解錯了。你認為印度是向日本借貸款嗎?實際情況是相反的——日本要來印度,并請求印度給予融資機會。日本的銀行資金充裕。在2018年之前,他們將資金投入中國,但現(xiàn)在中國自己擁有充裕的資金,更愿意用自己的資金進行投資。日本需要投資。與高鐵不同,地鐵是安全可靠的投資。因此,日本是請求印度提供貸款的一方,而印度已同意從日本借款用于班加羅爾和德里的地鐵建設(shè)。所以在這里是我們在幫助日本。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Japanese gives loan for 0.5–2% p.a. It will be very feasible for India to take those Japanese money with both hands and use for our Infra projects.
We can invest our money elsewhere which gives us high returns.
日本提供的貸款利率為每年0.5-2%。對于印度來說,以這樣的利率接受日本的資金支持并將其用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目非常可行。我們可以將自己的資金投資于其他能夠帶來高回報的領(lǐng)域上。
1.these loans are for specific projects. you can’t divert it for another project wily Nily.
2.they have specific sourcing clauses as in requiring the project to use Japanese components. in other words, these JICA loans are to ensure demand for Japanese manufacturing. hence the low interest rates.
1.這些貸款是為了具體的項目而設(shè)立的,不能隨意將其用于其他項目。
2.這些貸款有特定的采購條款,要求項目使用日本的組件。換句話說,這些JICA(日本國際合作機構(gòu))貸款旨在確保對日本制造業(yè)的需求,因此利率較低。
The initial funding for BMRCL was also done by JICA, but you will not find that all the sourcing is done from Japan, for example the rolling stock is from South Korea and all the civil contractors are from India.
BMRCL(班加羅爾地鐵鐵路公司)的最初資金也是由JICA提供的,但你會發(fā)現(xiàn)并非所有的采購都來自日本,例如動車組是來自韓國,而所有的土建承包商均來自印度。
Also, just like any investment, even if you have the money, you shouldn't dump it all in if you can help it. Financing can be useful and often is, more than paying out of pocket.
與任何投資一樣,即使你有足夠的資金,也不應(yīng)該一次性全部投入。融資可以是有用的,通常比自掏腰包更好。
I have a better solution like tell the Japanese or Chinese to build whatever they want and collect toll from it to recoup their investment if it goes into drain that's their fault and if it's profitable it could be taxed its win win situation
我有一個更好的解決方案,就是告訴日本人或中國人建造任何他們想要的,并從中收取通行費以收回他們的投資,如果投資失敗那是他們的責任,如果盈利還可以對其征稅,這是雙贏的情況。
Is not Japan doing the favor by giving loans for a small amount? It is not my real point.
A business deal doesn’t have a favoring point at all. It is WIN-WIN and it is not that one favoring the other.
日本提供少量貸款并不是在幫我們的忙,這并不是我的真正觀點。商業(yè)交易沒有傾向一方的好處,它是雙贏的,沒有一方對另一方有利。
Every answer of u leaks of psedopatriotism. Did you even read your answer after posting it. What u r saying is if we take loan from banks, then we are helping banks? And how exactly did we help japan when we were not flush with cash to even fund our own transportation idiot. Such an idiocracy. If you don't know how to answer, just shut up. No need to highlight our country for its poor state.
你每個回答都透露著偽愛國主義的味道。你在發(fā)表回答之后有沒有讀過它?你所說的是,如果我們從銀行借貸,那么我們就在幫助銀行?而當我們自己的交通運輸連資金都不充裕時,我們?nèi)绾螏椭毡灸兀装V。多么愚蠢的想法。如果你不知道如何回答,就閉嘴。沒必要突出我們國家的困境。
I agree that India has nit done any favor to Japan or vice-versa. It is a win-win deal. However, we need to understand that India has the capacity to complete the project without the help of external financing (By way of G-sec). The loans are taken from institutions like world bank or from countries like Japan in order to save on the interest (Rate of Interest of JICA is lower when compared to G-Sec or Indian banks)
我同意印度并沒有對日本做出任何好處,反之亦然。這是一筆雙贏的交易。然而,我們需要理解,印度有能力在沒有外部融資的情況下完成該項目(通過政府證券)。貸款是從世界銀行等機構(gòu)或像日本這樣的國家獲得的,目的是為了節(jié)省利息(JICA的利率相對于政府證券或印度銀行較低)。
The Japanese have attained nirvana as per their Religious philosophy and they don’t expect their principle back and are happy with the paltry interest
Because,India has a proven track record of defaulting on it’s commitments and changing the rules abruptly by “retrospective” laws and what not.
And since Japan has no problem with losing principle, they can invest into any unsafe territories, esp. India. So yes, they are doing themselves a great favor by investing (read, dumping) their money here
按照日本的宗教哲學,他們已經(jīng)達到涅槃,他們并不期望拿回他們的本金,并對微薄的利息感到滿意。因為印度在兌現(xiàn)承諾方面有著違約的過去記錄,并通過“追溯法律”等方式突然改變規(guī)則。而且由于日本對失去本金沒有問題,他們可以投資于任何不安全的地區(qū),尤其是印度。所以,是的,他們通過在這里投資(也可以說是傾銷)賜予自己很大的恩惠。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Japan is facing deflation.
They have surplus money and are technologically advanced in public infrastructure.
Japan is now giving loans to developing countries in the form of Japan International Cooperation Agency funds (JICA) in return they are expecting loan amount payback in less Interest rates (around 1 to 1.15%) and longer duration also with a grace period. All the works under JICA will bee compliance with Guidelines for the Employment of Consultants under Japanese ODA Loans.
Japan is making income to its country by investing in the development projects of other countries.
India is not expecting any loan from Japan but Japan is investing in India for long-term returns.
日本正面臨通縮問題。
他們有過剩的資金,并在公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面處于技術(shù)先進的地位。
目前,日本以日本國際合作機構(gòu)(JICA)資金的形式向發(fā)展中國家提供貸款,作為回報,他們期望以較低的利率(約為1至1.15%)和較長的期限以及寬限期償還貸款金額。所有在JICA下進行的工作將符合日本ODA貸款顧問就業(yè)指南。
日本通過投資其他國家的發(fā)展項目為自己的國家創(chuàng)造收入。
印度并不期望從日本獲得任何貸款,但日本正在投資于印度以獲得長期回報。
You see taking a loan is an easier and a much much cheaper option than self financing, even if you have the capability to finance it yourself….
Take yourself as an individual… Suppose you have Rs 1 lac with yourself… and you need Rs 1 lac to meet some personal expenses say renovation of your house… now suppose your Rs 1 lac is invested as a FD and is earning an interest of say 5.5%… and the market rate of a loan from the same bank in which you have an FD is 7%…
Now you have 2 options… either to utilise your FD or keep it as it is and take a loan to finance renovation of your house… In the first case, you will lose the 5.5% interest that your money is earning in the form of FD… In the latter case, you land up paying an effective interest rate of 1.5% only… because to service the loan you will pay 7% per annum and at the same time your funds in the form of an FD is earning 5.5% ROI per annum..
So, India taking a loan of the said amount from Japan is pretty much welcomed as had the country financed it itself it would have lost the opportunity to invest the same amount elsewhere… by taking a loan the country ensures that the same amount can be invested in 2 productive avenues one of which is the Metro and the other somewhere else which gets the country some form of tangible or intangible return over either the short or the long term…
你看,借貸比自籌資金更容易、更便宜,即使你有能力自行融資... 以個人為例...假設(shè)你手頭有10萬盧比...你需要10萬盧比用于一些個人開支,比如房屋翻修...現(xiàn)在假設(shè)你的10萬盧比作為定期存款存入銀行,年利率為5.5%...而同一家銀行的貸款市場利率為7%...
現(xiàn)在你有兩個選擇:要么利用你的定期存款,要么保持不變并且借貸來為房屋翻修提供資金。在第一種情況下,你將失去你的資金以定期存款形式所獲得的5.5%利息。而在后一種情況下,你將支付實際利率為1.5%的利息。因為為了償還貸款,你每年支付7%,與此同時,你的定期存款以5.5%的年回報率增值。
因此,印度從日本貸款是非常受歡迎的,因為如果該國自己融資,就會失去將相同金額投資在其他地方的機會。通過貸款,國家確保相同的金額可以在兩個有產(chǎn)出的領(lǐng)域中投資,其中之一是地鐵建設(shè),另一個則是其他可以在短期或長期內(nèi)給國家?guī)砟撤N有形或無形回報的地方。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
“Metro construction is insanely expensive!”
地鐵建設(shè)成本非常昂貴!
德里地鐵可以輕易被稱為印度公共交通的明珠。但你是否曾經(jīng)想過,在建立這個豪華的空調(diào)交通系統(tǒng)背后所付出的成本和努力呢?
地鐵建設(shè)平均每公里耗資21億盧比。
是的!你沒看錯。盡管第三階段擴建的高架路段的平均建設(shè)成本為每公里18億至20億盧比,但地下路段的花費超過了這個數(shù)額的兩倍以上。第三階段的建設(shè)始于2011年,預(yù)計在2016年完成。然而,該項目仍未完工,施工成本持續(xù)上升。一旦完工,第三階段將延伸167公里。假設(shè)剩余部分的項目以相同的成本完成,第三階段的總支出將達到約3500億盧比。
現(xiàn)在看一下德里政府在2019財年征收的總稅收:
As you can clearly see, if India did not borrow money from Japan at low interest rates (1~2%), construction would have gone on for much longer and the construction cost per kilometer would have increased in accordance. The loan offered by Japan is quite cheap and helps us accelerate the construction. Otherwise any impact on tax revenue would have further hampered the project.
正如您可以清楚地看到的,如果印度沒有以低利率(1-2%)從日本借款,建設(shè)工程將會延長很多時間,并且每公里的建設(shè)成本將會相應(yīng)增加。日本提供的貸款非常便宜,幫助我們加快了建設(shè)進度。否則,對稅收收入的任何影響都將進一步妨礙項目的進行。
India may seek loans from other countries or international organizations to fund large infrastructure projects like the metro in Bengaluru for several reasons, including:
1.Insufficient domestic funds: India may not have sufficient domestic funds to finance large-scale infrastructure projects, such as the construction of a metro system.
2.Attractive interest rates: Loans from foreign countries or international organizations may offer more attractive interest rates compared to domestic loans, which may be subject to higher interest rates.
3.Access to technology and expertise: By seeking loans from foreign countries or international organizations, India may also gain access to technology and expertise that can be helpful in building the metro system.
4.Faster implementation: Seeking loans from foreign countries or international organizations may help to expedite the implementation of the project by providing access to additional funds.
It is important to note that seeking loans from other countries or international organizations is a common practice for countries around the world, including developed nations. It is often seen as a way to finance large infrastructure projects that can contribute to economic growth and development.
印度可能會向其他國家或國際組織尋求貸款來資助像班加羅爾地鐵這樣的大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目的原因包括:
1.國內(nèi)資金不足:印度可能沒有足夠的國內(nèi)資金來為大規(guī)模基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目,如地鐵系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)提供資金支持。
2.利率優(yōu)勢:與國內(nèi)貸款相比,外國國家或國際組織的貸款可能提供更有吸引力的利率條件,其利率可能較低。
3.獲取技術(shù)和專業(yè)知識:通過向外國國家或國際組織尋求貸款,印度還可以獲得在建設(shè)地鐵系統(tǒng)方面有幫助的技術(shù)和專業(yè)知識。
4.加快實施進度:從外國國家或國際組織尋求貸款可以通過提供額外資金來加速項目的實施進度。
需要注意的是,向其他國家或國際組織尋求貸款是世界各國(包括發(fā)達國家)的常見做法。這通常被視為一種為促進經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展做出貢獻的大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目提供融資的方式。
The loan of $474 million from Japan to India is meant to support the construction of three lines (2A, 2B, and 6) in Phase 2 of the Namma Metro in Bengaluru. The loan has a repayment period of 30 years with a low interest rate of 1.15% per year, which is typical for large infrastructure projects.
As to why India took this loan ? Countries often seek loans or aid from other nations or international institutions for major infrastructure ventures. These loans usually come with favorable terms, such as lower interest rates and longer repayment periods, compared to domestic financing options. India's decision to secure this loan is not an indication of its inability to afford the project but rather a strategic financial choice.
日本向印度提供的4.74億美元貸款旨在支持班加羅爾Namma Metro第二階段的三條線路(2A、2B和6)的建設(shè)。這筆貸款有30年的償還期,并且利率非常低,每年為1.15%,這在大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目中很常見。
至于為什么印度選擇了這筆貸款?國家通常會向其他國家或國際機構(gòu)尋求貸款或援助,用于重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目。與國內(nèi)融資選擇相比,這些貸款通常具有較為優(yōu)惠的條件,如較低的利率和較長的償還期。印度決定獲得這筆貸款并不意味著無力承擔該項目,而是出于戰(zhàn)略性的財務(wù)選擇。
1.Paisa Vasool: The interest earned from the loan ensures Japanese banks have a solid income stream for a long, long time. Talk about getting a good return on investment, boss!
2.Strong Jugaad: By helping India with this metro project, Japan is forging a strong connection. This dosti can lead to more collaboration in trade, technology, defense, and whatnot.
3.Business : With improved infrastructure in India, Japanese companies can do business like never before. It's like adding extra masala to their success recipe.
4.Japanese Swag: Being a part of this project allows Japan to showcase its top-notch technologies and standards. They're setting a new trend. It's all about Japanese swag!
So, while the loan supports India's metro system development, it's also a win-win situation for Japan. They get paisa, dosti, business, and a chance to flaunt their swag!
對于日本及其銀行來說,提供這筆貸款帶來了許多優(yōu)勢:
1.明智的投資:貸款所賺取的利息確保了日本銀行有一個長期穩(wěn)定的收入來源??梢哉f是對投資的物超所值,老板!
2.強大的合作關(guān)系:通過幫助印度進行地鐵項目,日本正在建立起強大的連接。這種友誼可能導致更多在貿(mào)易、技術(shù)、國防等方面的合作。
3.商業(yè)機會:隨著印度基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的改善,日本企業(yè)可以開展前所未有的業(yè)務(wù)。這就像給他們的成功配方添加了額外的調(diào)料。
4.日本的炫耀:參與這個項目使日本能夠展示其一流的技術(shù)和標準。他們正在樹立一種新的潮流。這就是日本的炫耀!
因此,盡管這筆貸款支持了印度的地鐵系統(tǒng)發(fā)展,對于日本來說也是雙贏的局面。他們得到了利潤、友誼、商業(yè)機會,并有機會展示他們的風格!
The info by Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam is absolutely right.
And few more points to add are Japan need India has to be sustainable it's own for science and technology or along with Japan as our common enenemy is China.
And Japan don't want to invest their money in china which will make China stronger instead they can make India strong which will help Japan in turn as both have disputes with China.
And The interest rate is also very less compared with WORLD bank and IMF.
Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam的信息是完全正確的。還有幾點要補充的是,日本需要印度在科學技術(shù)方面能夠自給自足,或者與日本一起對抗我們共同的敵人中國。日本不希望把資金投資到中國,這樣只會讓中國變得更強大,相反他們可以幫助印度變得更強大,這將同時對日本有所幫助,因為兩國都與中國存在爭端。而且與世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織相比,日本提供的利率也非常低。
It was Japan who came to us for lending the project. The main reason for this is Interest rate in Japan is -0.10% and the interest rate for loan they to build metro is 0.1%. Now you know why they were interested in offereing loan.
確實,正是日本向我們提供貸款。主要原因是,日本的利率為-0.10%,而用于建設(shè)地鐵的貸款利率為0.1%?,F(xiàn)在你知道他們?yōu)槭裁磳μ峁┵J款感興趣了。
It’s basically a huge business deal. Japan sells its metro project lixing one of the Japanese banks to lend the money under most favourable terms of repayment & interest rate chargeable. Some part of the interest charged by the bank is absorbed by the company that is selling the project. It’s a win win situation for all.
India gets a Metro project with huge financing which meets the growing needs of infrastructure at most favourable terms.
Japanese company is able to sell its product (read project) which makes a good profit out of the deal.
Japanese Bank(s) are able to lend their money at favourable rate of interest guaranteed both by the company & GOI.
這基本上是一筆巨額的商業(yè)交易。日本出售其地鐵項目,并將其中一家日本銀行與最有利的還款條件和可收取的利率出借資金。銀行收取的部分利息由銷售該項目的公司吸收。這是一個雙贏的局面。
印度以最有利的條件獲得了一項巨額融資的地鐵項目,以滿足不斷增長的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求。
日本公司能夠出售其產(chǎn)品(即項目),從中獲得良好的利潤。
日本銀行能夠以有利的利率借出資金,該利率由公司和印度政府擔保。
One reason:If India uses the money from domestic sources, the interest rate could be around 10 percent. Japan may be able to give loans at 1–2 percent interest. That is because of the lower cost of capital in Japan.
一個原因:如果印度使用國內(nèi)資金,利率可能會達到10%左右。日本可能能夠以1-2%的利率提供貸款,這是因為日本的資金成本較低。
India needs huge investment for infrastructure development as the previous govts didn't do much in this direction.
印度需要大量的投資來發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,因為之前的政府在這方面沒有做太多工作。
The principle factor in any trade deal - Finance and Economics. Get your funding from the cheapest most economical source with the best and easiest payback terms and conditions. From the most favourable source.
在任何貿(mào)易協(xié)議中,最重要的因素是財務(wù)和經(jīng)濟。從最便宜、最經(jīng)濟的來源獲得資金,并獲得最有利且最容易返還的條件。從最有利的來源獲取資金。
Oh we have the money but don't know how to build the metro! We are buying the Japanese technology.
Also getting into debt is a good thing. If Japan is willing to provide a loan which will be paid for by the users in due time and government of India as well as Karnataka don't have to spend that money on metro, that money can be utilised for something better — like fixing roads every 2 months and cleaning drains every time they get clogged.
Hence, if we are getting money nearly free, why hold up our money?
哦,我們有錢,但不知道如何建設(shè)地鐵!我們正在購買日本的技術(shù)。 此外,負債是一件好事。如果日本愿意提供貸款,這些貸款將由用戶和印度政府及卡納塔克邦在適當?shù)臅r間內(nèi)償還,那么政府就不必將這筆錢花在地鐵上,這筆錢可以用于更好的事情——比如每兩個月修路,每次下水道堵塞時清理。 因此,如果我們能夠幾乎免費獲取資金,為什么要留住我們的錢?
There is one agreement the Japan makes while giving loans that all the equipment will be imported from Japan and the major part of profit is passed to Japanese companies which keep balance in payment and keeps running the factories in Japan .
Believe it or not It is business and Japanese know it the best .
在提供貸款時,日本有一個協(xié)議,即所有設(shè)備都將從日本進口,并且利潤的大部分將流向日本公司,從而保持付款平衡并維持日本工廠的運作。 信不信由你,這就是生意,而日本人最懂這一點。
And indian government is giving loans or aid to other nations, And indian industrialists are investing in other countries.
印度政府正在向其他國家提供貸款或援助,而印度的工業(yè)家們也在其他國家投資。
japanese population is at a stuck so japan money is not increasing so the want to invest in growing ecnomical countries
日本人口停滯不前,因此日本的資金不增加,所以他們希望在經(jīng)濟增長的國家進行投資。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Japan has faced deflation over the years. Better is if they lend to developing countries who buy their machinery, equipments and raw material which gives them trade gains. India is also happy as it can rotate its own money for other useful welfare projects and use Japanese loans to improvise its infrastructure. There will be a time when Japan will land into inflation ballpark and then they will stop funding developing nations. Understand the scenario this way. You are given Rs.100 as a loan at say just 0.5% to 1.5% for buying mangoes from the lender. He gets to sell his mangoes for Rs.100 when it cost him Rs.30–40 for complete harvest cycle and remains that for many years. You will have ended up paying it in a few years as your mangoes are going to be used toproduce jams, pickles, squash etc… your lender is happy until your lender has to spend more for the yield insofar he cannot make a margin selling it for Rs.100. Then you wont borrow and he wont lend. The story will end there.
日本多年來一直面臨通貨緊縮問題。更好的做法是他們向購買他們機械設(shè)備和原材料的發(fā)展中國家提供貸款,從中獲得貿(mào)易收益。印度也很高興,因為它可以將自己的資金用于其他有益的福利項目,并利用日本的貸款改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。但隨著時間的推移,日本可能會陷入通貨膨脹的困境,屆時他們將停止對發(fā)展中國家的資金支持??梢赃@樣理解這種情況。假設(shè)你以0.5%到1.5%的利率從貸款人那里獲得100盧比的貸款,用于購買芒果。當芒果在收獲周期花費30-40盧比時,貸款人可以以100盧比的價格出售芒果,并保持多年不變。在未來幾年里,你將償還貸款,因為你的芒果將被用來制作果醬、泡菜、果汁等。貸款人在能夠以100盧比的價格銷售芒果而不必花費更多成本的情況下,會感到滿意。但一旦他的成本超過100盧比,他就無法獲得利潤,那么你就不會再借款,他也不會再貸款。故事就此結(jié)束。
Banks in Japan are having funds but that does not mean india has money to finance it's projects.
Be realistic we don't have funds to build everything
日本的銀行可能有資金,但這并不意味著印度有資金來為自己的項目提供融資。 讓我們實事求是一點,我們沒有足夠的資金來建設(shè)一切。
…. Not just because its flush with money. It is to buy carbon credits. Its a stupid currency hypocrites of west have developed to ensure poor remain poor, while the countless atomic explosions of the past are the reasons we are facing global warming today.
……這不僅僅是因為他們有很多錢。這是為了購買碳減排配額。這是西方偽善者發(fā)展出來確保窮人保持貧困的愚蠢貨幣,而過去無數(shù)次的原子爆炸才是我們今天面臨全球變暖的原因。
Simple. It's an election year and BJP would like to use as much money as possible to dole out freebies to the voters.
很簡單。這是選舉年,人民黨希望盡可能多地使用資金來向選民散發(fā)免費贈品。
That's a pure bhakt propaganda logic generated and propagated through WhatsApp. Japan requesting us to take loans….
這純粹是支持者的宣傳邏輯,通過WhatsApp生成和傳播的。日本要求我們借貸...
Railway loans mean you buy Japanese rail cars. For the next 30+ years, you buy parts at market prices.
鐵路貸款意味著你購買日本的鐵路車輛。在接下來的30多年里,你以市場價格購買零部件。