UK middle classes ‘struggling despite incomes of up to ￡60,000 a year’
-Insecure jobs and high housing costs make it hard to maintain decent living standard, says abrdn Financial Fairness Trust

英國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)：盡管年收入高達(dá)6萬(wàn)英鎊，但仍在掙扎
——abrdn金融公平信托基金稱(chēng)，不穩(wěn)定的工作和高昂的住房成本使得人們很難維持體面的生活水平


(The abrdn Financial Fairness Trust report said problems of middle-class insecurity were especially acute for single parents.)

（英國(guó)金融公平信托基金會(huì)的報(bào)告稱(chēng)，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的不安全感問(wèn)題對(duì)單親父母來(lái)說(shuō)尤其嚴(yán)重。）
新聞：

Britain’s insecure jobs market and high housing costs are leading to the growth of a precarious middle class struggling to maintain a decent living standard on household incomes as high as ￡60,000 a year, a report has said.

一份報(bào)告稱(chēng)，英國(guó)不穩(wěn)定的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)和高昂的住房成本正導(dǎo)致一個(gè)不穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的增長(zhǎng)，他們的家庭年收入高達(dá)6萬(wàn)英鎊，但難以維持體面的生活水平。

A study released by abrdn Financial Fairness Trust, a research body set up by the fund manager, said the uncertain nature of work meant there was a one in three chance that someone earning a middle income today would not be doing so next year.

由這位基金經(jīng)理創(chuàng)立的研究機(jī)構(gòu)abrdn金融公平信托基金發(fā)布的一份研究報(bào)告稱(chēng)，工作的不確定性意味著，今天處于中等收入水平的人明年將有三分之一的概率失業(yè)。

The report – Caught in the Middle – said that problems of middle-class insecurity were especially acute for single parents, with those in employment more likely than not to be in an insecure job.

這份名為《夾在中間》的報(bào)告稱(chēng)，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的不安全感問(wèn)題對(duì)單身父母來(lái)說(shuō)尤其嚴(yán)重，那些有工作的人更有可能從事一份不穩(wěn)定的工作。

Donald Hirsch, a policy adviser at the FFT and one of the report’s authors, said 20% of those in the middle fifth of the income distribution were struggling to pay for food and other essentials. “It is people earning between ￡30,000-￡60,000 a year, depending on the type of household, people who you would expect to be doing OK,” he said.

該信托基金的政策顧問(wèn)、該報(bào)告的作者之一唐納德·赫希說(shuō)，在收入分配的中間五分之一的人群中，有20%的人難以支付食物和其他必需品。他說(shuō)：“年收入在3萬(wàn)至6萬(wàn)英鎊之間的人會(huì)過(guò)得不錯(cuò)，這取決于家庭的類(lèi)型?！?/b>

“Being on a middle income does not make people secure. In the present cost of living crisis, the vulnerabilities of people on modest incomes have become more apparent. They face significant uncertainties, and are rightly encouraged to save both for rainy days and their retirement,” Hirsch said.

赫希說(shuō)：“中等收入并不能讓人有安全感。在當(dāng)前的生活成本危機(jī)中，中等收入人群的脆弱性變得更加明顯。他們面臨著巨大的不確定性，因此被鼓勵(lì)存錢(qián)以備不時(shí)之需和退休之需。

“Yet if they are also paying off student debt and have high housing costs, it becomes difficult to maintain a decent living standard today – even at the minimum level often associated with lower income groups.”

“然而，如果他們還要償還學(xué)生貸款，還要承擔(dān)高昂的住房成本，那么如今就很難維持體面的生活水平了——甚至是通常與低收入群體相關(guān)的最低生活水平?！?/b>

The report defines work as “insecure” if someone is either self-employed or has been working for their present employer for less than two years, or less than three years if working part-time. It also classifies very low-paid full-time jobs – where pay is less than half the full-time average – as insecure.

該報(bào)告將個(gè)體戶(hù)或?yàn)楝F(xiàn)任雇主工作不到兩年，或兼職工作不到三年的人定義為“不安全”工作。它還將收入極低（收入不到全職平均水平的一半）的全職工作歸類(lèi)為“不安全”工作。

Working-age adults became more likely to be in work, but less likely to be in secure work, during the 2010s.

在2010年代，工作年齡的成年人有工作的概率更高，但有穩(wěn)定工作的概率更低。

Worklessness – combining unemployment and economic inactivity – fell from 20% to 18% over this period, but secure employment also fell, by 1.5 percentage points, while insecure employment rose by four percentage points.

在此期間，失業(yè)率（包括失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)不活躍）從20%下降到18%，但穩(wěn)定就業(yè)也下降了1.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，不穩(wěn)定就業(yè)上升了4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
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Hirsch said the problems of the precarious middle classes were not as severe as for those further down the income scale, but that it was important for the government to act to tackle growing insecurity.

赫希說(shuō)，不穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的問(wèn)題不像收入水平較低的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)那么嚴(yán)重，但政府采取行動(dòng)解決日益增長(zhǎng)的不安全感是很重要的。

“Measures to improve predictability, stability and the right to flexible working had been promised for the present parliament, but were not delivered. In the coming parliament, this should be a priority.”

“改善可預(yù)見(jiàn)性、穩(wěn)定性和靈活工作權(quán)利的措施已向本屆議會(huì)作出承諾，但沒(méi)有兌現(xiàn)。在即將到來(lái)的新一屆議會(huì)中，這應(yīng)該是一個(gè)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)?！?/b>

The study found that more than one in four people in the middle of the income distribution were not in secure employment, and one in seven were not in secure housing. One in three of those in the middle quintile in a given year will have slipped down to a lower quintile the following year.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在收入分配中，超過(guò)四分之一的人沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的工作，七分之一的人沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的住房。在給定年份處于中間五分之一段的人中，有三分之一的人將在第二年滑落到較低的五分之一段。

While financial pressures on middle income families were not new, some issues had become more important. Childcare costs had outstripped other prices and earnings; housing had in many cases become less affordable; student debt had increased significantly and pension savings were becoming more important to retirement security.

雖然中等收入家庭的財(cái)政壓力并不新鮮，但有些問(wèn)題變得更加重要。托兒費(fèi)用超過(guò)了其他價(jià)格和收入；在許多情況下，住房變得越來(lái)越難以負(fù)擔(dān)；學(xué)生債務(wù)大幅增加，養(yǎng)老金儲(chǔ)蓄對(duì)退休保障越來(lái)越重要。

“Some groups are clearly more vulnerable than others. Single adults and lone parents have less security and resilience than couples. People in privately rented accommodation face the double disadvantage of high housing costs and low security,” the report said. “Younger adults are more likely than older ones to have insecure work, higher housing costs and be repaying student debt.”

該報(bào)告稱(chēng)：“有些群體顯然比其他群體更脆弱。單身成年人和單身父母的安全感和適應(yīng)力不如夫妻。私人租賃住房的人面臨著住房成本高和安全性低的雙重劣勢(shì)。年輕人比老年人更有可能工作不穩(wěn)定，住房成本更高，還要償還學(xué)生貸款。”

In addition to measures to provide greater employment security, the report said more needed to be done to boost the protection given to tenants in the private rented sector. The renters reform bill – which is going through parliament – was an important step, the report said.

除了提供更大的就業(yè)保障措施外，報(bào)告稱(chēng)還需要采取更多措施來(lái)加強(qiáng)對(duì)私人租賃部門(mén)租戶(hù)的保護(hù)。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，正在議會(huì)審議的房客改革法案是重要的一步。

It argued that more should be done to ensure the rising earnings of those on middle incomes were not cancelled out by childcare costs, and to increase the amount of contributions made by employers and government to pensions.

它認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該采取更多措施，以確保中等收入人群收入的增長(zhǎng)不會(huì)被兒童保育成本抵消，并增加雇主和政府對(duì)養(yǎng)老金的貢獻(xiàn)。