Exclusive: India's $23 bln plan to rival China factories to lapse after it disappoints

獨(dú)家報(bào)道：印度耗資230億美元的取代中國(guó)制造計(jì)劃，僅四年就涼了


NEW DELHI, March 24 (Reuters) – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has decided to let lapse a $23 billion program to incentivize domestic manufacturing, just four years after it launched the effort to woo firms away from China, according to four government officials.?

路透社新德里3月24日電，據(jù)四名印度政府官員透露，莫迪政府已決定終止一項(xiàng)耗資230億美元的印度制造業(yè)激勵(lì)計(jì)劃。而這項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)激勵(lì)計(jì)劃”推出僅四年，初衷是為了吸引企業(yè)離開(kāi)中國(guó)。
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The scheme will not be expanded beyond the 14 pilot sectors and production deadlines will not be extended despite requests from some participating firms, two of the officials said.?

兩位官員表示，該計(jì)劃將不再擴(kuò)展到14個(gè)試點(diǎn)部門之外，盡管一些參與企業(yè)提出請(qǐng)求，但生產(chǎn)期限也不會(huì)延長(zhǎng)。?

Some 750 companies, including Apple supplier Foxconn and Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries, signed up to the Production-lixed Initiative scheme, public records show.?

根據(jù)公開(kāi)記錄顯示，包括蘋果供應(yīng)商富士康和印度本土巨頭信實(shí)工業(yè)在內(nèi)的約750家企業(yè)參與了該計(jì)劃

Firms were promised cash payouts if they met individual production targets and deadlines. The hope was to raise the share of manufacturing in the economy to 25% by 2025.?

政府承諾對(duì)達(dá)成生產(chǎn)目標(biāo)的企業(yè)發(fā)放現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)， 期望借此將制造業(yè)占GDP比重至2025年能提升至25%。?

Instead, many firms that participated in the program failed to kickstart production, while others that met manufacturing targets found India slow to pay out subsidies, according to government documents and correspondence seen by Reuters.?

但據(jù)路透社查閱的政府文件顯示，參與該計(jì)劃的多數(shù)企業(yè)未能順利啟動(dòng)生產(chǎn)，而達(dá)標(biāo)企業(yè)也遭遇補(bǔ)貼發(fā)放遲滯的困境。
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As of October 2024, participating firms had produced $151.93 billion worth of goods under the program, or 37% of the target that Delhi had set, according to an undated analysis of the program compiled by the commerce ministry.?

商務(wù)部一份未注明日期的評(píng)估報(bào)告顯示，截至2024年10月，參與公司在該計(jì)劃下生產(chǎn)了價(jià)值1519.3億美元的商品，僅完成印度政府預(yù)設(shè)目標(biāo)的37%。

India had issued just $1.73 billion in incentives – or under 8% of the allocated funds, the document said.?

該文件稱，印度僅發(fā)放了17.3億美元的激勵(lì)資金，不足預(yù)算總額的8%。?

News of the government's decision to not extend the plan and specifics about the lag in payouts are being reported by Reuters for the first time.?

路透社率先披露了政府終止計(jì)劃的決定及補(bǔ)貼發(fā)放滯后的具體細(xì)節(jié)。

Modi's office and the commerce ministry, which oversees the program, did not respond to requests for comment. Since the plan's introduction, manufacturing's share of the economy has decreased from 15.4% to 14.3%.?

莫迪的辦公室和負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督該計(jì)劃的商務(wù)部未回應(yīng)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。 自該計(jì)劃推出以來(lái)，印度制造業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的比重已從15.4%下降到14.3%。?

In a separate statement on Saturday, the commerce ministry said participating firms had produced $163 billion worth of goods as of November 2024. The ministry did not say if the program would be allowed to expire but said PLIs have "incentivized domestic manufacturing, leading to increased production, job creation, and a boost in exports."?

在周六的一份單獨(dú)聲明中，印度商務(wù)部稱截至2024年11月，參與公司已生產(chǎn)了價(jià)值1630億美元的商品，但避談?dòng)?jì)劃存續(xù)問(wèn)題，僅表示生產(chǎn)掛鉤激勵(lì)計(jì)劃已“激勵(lì)了國(guó)內(nèi)制造業(yè)，促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)增加、就業(yè)創(chuàng)造和出口提升”。?

Foxconn, which now employs thousands of contract workers in India, and Reliance didn't return requests for comment.?

目前在印度雇傭了數(shù)千名合同工的富士康和信實(shí)工業(yè)也未回應(yīng)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。?

Two of the government officials told Reuters the end of the program did not mean Delhi had abandoned its manufacturing ambitions and that alternatives were being planned.?

兩位印度政府官員告訴路透社，該計(jì)劃的結(jié)束并不意味著印度放棄了其制造業(yè)雄心，替代方案已在醞釀中。?

The government last year defended the program's impact, particularly in pharmaceuticals and mobile-phone manufacturing, which have seen explosive growth. Some 94% of the nearly $620 million in incentives disbursed between April and October 2024 were directed to those two sectors.?

政府去年為該計(jì)劃的成效進(jìn)行了辯護(hù)，特別是在制藥和手機(jī)制造領(lǐng)域經(jīng)歷了爆炸性增長(zhǎng)。 在2024年4月至10月期間發(fā)放的近6.2億美元激勵(lì)措施中，約94%流向了這兩個(gè)行業(yè)。

In some instances, some food-sector companies that applied for subsidies weren't issued them due to factors such as "non compliance of investment thresholds" and companies "not achieving stipulated minimum growth," according to the analysis.

根據(jù)分析報(bào)告，部分申請(qǐng)補(bǔ)貼的食品行業(yè)企業(yè)因未能滿足“投資門檻要求”或“未達(dá)最低增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)”等條件而未獲得補(bǔ)貼。

The document did not provide specifics, though it found production in the sector had exceeded targets. Reuters could not determine which companies the analysis referred to.

盡管文件未披露具體細(xì)節(jié)，但指出該行業(yè)生產(chǎn)已超出預(yù)設(shè)目標(biāo)。路透社無(wú)法確定該分析涉及哪些公司。

But Delhi had previously acknowledged problems and agreed to extend some deadlines and increase payment frequency after complaints from PLI participants.

此前，德里方面曾承認(rèn)該計(jì)劃存在的問(wèn)題，并在參與者投訴后同意延長(zhǎng)部分期限并增加付款頻率。

One of the Indian officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss confidential matters, said that excessive red tape and bureaucratic caution continued to stymie the scheme's effectiveness.

一位不愿透露姓名的印度官員表示，過(guò)多的官僚主義和謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度仍在阻礙該計(jì)劃的成效。

As an alternative, India is considering supporting certain sectors by partially reimbursing investments made to set up plants, which would allow firms to recover costs faster than having to wait for production and sale, another official said.

另一位官員表示，作為替代方案，印度正在考慮通過(guò)部分補(bǔ)償企業(yè)建廠投資來(lái)支持特定行業(yè)，這將使企業(yè)能夠比等待生產(chǎn)和銷售更快地收回成本。

Trade expert Biswajit Dhar at the Delhi-based Council for Social Development think-tank, who has said Modi's government needs to do more to attract foreign investment, said the country might have missed its moment.

德里社會(huì)與發(fā)展委員會(huì)貿(mào)易專家Biswajit Dhar表示，莫迪政府需要采取更多措施來(lái)吸引外資，而印度可能已經(jīng)錯(cuò)失了最佳時(shí)機(jī)。

The incentives program was "possibly the last chance we had to revive our manufacturing sector," he said. "If this kind of mega-scheme fails, do you have any expectation that anything is going to succeed?"

他說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)激勵(lì)計(jì)劃可能是我們振興制造業(yè)的最后機(jī)會(huì)。如果這樣一個(gè)大規(guī)模計(jì)劃都失敗了，你還能指望其他計(jì)劃成功嗎？”

The stalling of manufacturing comes as India tries to circumvent the trade war unleashed by U.S. President Donald Trump, who has criticized Delhi's protectionist policies.

印度制造業(yè)停滯之際，正值其試圖繞開(kāi)特朗普總統(tǒng)引發(fā)的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，特朗普曾批評(píng)德里的保護(hù)主義政策。
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Trump's threat of reciprocal tariffs on countries like India that have a trade surplus with the U.S. means the export sector is increasingly challenged, said Dhar. "There was some amount of tariff protection ... and all that is going to be slashed."

達(dá)爾表示，特朗普威脅對(duì)印度等對(duì)美貿(mào)易順差國(guó)實(shí)施對(duì)等關(guān)稅，這意味著印度的出口行業(yè)面臨越來(lái)越大的挑戰(zhàn)。“過(guò)去還有一定的關(guān)稅保護(hù)……但這一切都將被削減。”

HITS AND MISSES

成敗得失

The program was introduced at an opportune time for India: China, which for decades had been the world's factory floor, was struggling to maintain production amid Beijing's zero-COVID policy.

該計(jì)劃推出的時(shí)機(jī)對(duì)印度來(lái)說(shuō)十分有利：中國(guó)幾十年來(lái)一直是全球制造業(yè)中心，但在北京嚴(yán)格的“清零政策”下，其生產(chǎn)受到嚴(yán)重影響。

The U.S. was also seeking to reduce its economic reliance on an increasingly assertive Beijing, prompting many multinationals to pursue a "China plus one" policy of diversifying production lines.

與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)也在尋求減少對(duì)日益強(qiáng)勢(shì)的中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)依賴，這促使許多跨國(guó)公司采取“中國(guó)+1”戰(zhàn)略，分散生產(chǎn)線。
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With its large youthful population, lower costs and a government regarded as relatively friendly to the West, India seemed set to benefit.

憑借龐大的年輕人口、較低的成本以及被視為對(duì)西方友好的政府，印度似乎準(zhǔn)備好從中受益。

India has become a global leader in pharmaceutical and mobile-phone production in recent years.

近年來(lái)，印度已成為全球制藥和手機(jī)制造的領(lǐng)軍者。

The country produced $49 billion worth of mobiles in the 2023-24 fiscal year, up 63% from 2020-21, government data show.

政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)顯示，印度在2023-24財(cái)年生產(chǎn)了價(jià)值490億美元的手機(jī)，比2020-21財(cái)年增長(zhǎng)了63%。

Industry leaders like Apple now manufacture their newest and most sophisticated cellphones in India, after having started with low-cost models.

行業(yè)巨頭蘋果公司最初在印度生產(chǎn)低端手機(jī)，而現(xiàn)在已將其最新、最先進(jìn)的手機(jī)生產(chǎn)線轉(zhuǎn)移到印度。

Similarly, pharmaceutical exports nearly doubled to $27.85 billion in 2023-24 from a decade ago.

同樣，印度的制藥出口額在2023-24財(cái)年接近翻倍，達(dá)到278.5億美元，而十年前這一數(shù)字要低得多。

But the success was not repeated in the other sectors, which include steel, textiles and solar panel manufacturing. India faces fierce competition from cheaper rivals like China in many of those fields.

但在其他領(lǐng)域，如鋼鐵、紡織和太陽(yáng)能電池板制造，印度并未取得類似的成功。在這些領(lǐng)域，印度面臨來(lái)自中國(guó)等成本更低的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

In the solar industry, for instance, eight of the 12 companies that signed up to PLI are unlikely to meet their targets, according to a December 2024 analysis of the sector prepared by the renewable energy ministry and seen by Reuters.

以太陽(yáng)能行業(yè)為例，據(jù)路透社查閱的再生能源部2024年12月的一份分析報(bào)告，參與PLI計(jì)劃的12家公司中，有8家可能無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)既定目標(biāo)。

The eight firms included units of Reliance, Adani Group and the Indian conglomerate JSW.

這8家公司包括信實(shí)工業(yè)、阿達(dá)尼集團(tuán)和印度綜合企業(yè)JSW的子公司。

The analysis found that the Reliance entity would only meet 50% of the production target it had been set for the end of the 2027 fiscal year, when the solar PLI scheme will expire.

分析顯示，信實(shí)工業(yè)旗下公司到2027財(cái)年末，即太陽(yáng)能PLI計(jì)劃到期時(shí)可能只能完成其目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量的50%。

It also said that the Adani business had not ordered equipment it needed to manufacture the solar panels and that JSW had not "done anything yet."

此外，報(bào)告指出，阿達(dá)尼公司尚未訂購(gòu)生產(chǎn)太陽(yáng)能電池板所需的設(shè)備，而JSW甚至“尚未采取任何行動(dòng)”。

JSW declined to comment, while Adani did not respond to questions.

JSW拒絕對(duì)此置評(píng)，而阿達(dá)尼未回應(yīng)相關(guān)問(wèn)題。

The commerce ministry said in a January letter to the renewables ministry seen by Reuters that it would not agree to its counterpart's request to extend the scheme beyond 2027 as doing so "will result in unfair benefit for non-performers."

據(jù)路透社查閱的一封商務(wù)部1月致可再生能源部的信件，商務(wù)部表示不會(huì)同意將該計(jì)劃延長(zhǎng)至2027年之后，因?yàn)檫@樣做“將給未達(dá)標(biāo)的企業(yè)帶來(lái)不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)”。

The renewables ministry said in response to Reuters' questions that it was committed to "fairness and accountability," as well as "ensuring that only those who meet their targets are rewarded."

可再生能源部在回應(yīng)路透社的提問(wèn)時(shí)表示，其承諾堅(jiān)持“公平與問(wèn)責(zé)原則”，以及“僅獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)達(dá)成目標(biāo)的企業(yè)”。
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In the steel sector, investment and production also lag targets. Fourteen of the 58 projects approved for PLIs have been withdrawn or removed due to lack of progress, according to the undated program-wide analysis.
($1 = 86.4425 Indian rupees)

在鋼鐵行業(yè)，投資和生產(chǎn)也未能達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)。根據(jù)一份未注明日期的全計(jì)劃范圍分析報(bào)告顯示，在58個(gè)獲PLI批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目中，有14個(gè)因進(jìn)展不足已被撤回或取消。
（1美元=86.4425印度盧比）